• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2018

Background: Nursing home resident care is an ongoing topic of public discussion, and there is great interest in improving the quality of resident care. This study investigated the association between nursing home employees' job satisfaction and residents' satisfaction with care and medical outcomes. Methods: Employee and resident satisfaction were measured by questionnaire in 175 skilled nursing facilities in the eastern United States from 2005 to 2009. Facility-level data on residents' pressure ulcers, medically unexplained weight loss, and falls were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Long-Term Care Minimum Data Set. The association between employee satisfaction and resident satisfaction was examined with multiple and multilevel linear regression. Associations between employee satisfaction and the rates of pressure ulcers, weight loss, and falls were examined with simple and multilevel Poisson regression. Results: A 1-point increase in overall employee satisfaction was associated with an increase of 17.4 points (scale 0-100) in the satisfaction of residents and family members (p < 0.0001) and a 19% decrease in the incidence of resident falls, weight loss, and pressure ulcers combined (p < 0.0001), after adjusting for staffing ratio and percentage of resident-days paid by Medicaid. Conclusion: Job satisfaction of nursing home employees is associated with lower rates of resident injuries and higher resident satisfaction with care. A supportive work environment may help increase quality of care in the nation's nursing homes.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 2019

The decommissioning of nuclear power plants should be prepared by quantitative and qualitative risk assessment. Radiological and non-radiological hazards arising during decommissioning activities must be assessed to ensure the safety of decommissioning workers and the public. Decommissioning experiences by U.S. operators have mainly focused on deterministic risk assessment, which is standardized by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory commission (NRC) and focuses only on the consequences of risk. However, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has suggested an alternative to the deterministic approach, called the risk matrix technique. The risk matrix technique considers both the consequence and likelihood of risk. In this study, decommissioning stages, processes, and activities are organized under a work breakdown structure. Potential accidents in the decommissioning process of NPPs are analyzed using the composite risk matrix to assess both radiological and non-radiological hazards. The levels of risk for all potential accidents considered by U.S. NPP operators who have performed decommissioning were estimated based on their consequences and likelihood of events.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.416-420
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• 2018

Background: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been widely used as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in occupationally exposed workers. The objective of this study is to investigate the concentration of urinary 1-OHP among charcoal workers as subjects and non-charcoal workers as controls. Methods: Early morning urine samples were collected from 68 persons (25 charcoal workers in Igbo-Ora, 20 charcoal workers in Alabata, and 23 non-charcoal workers) who volunteered to participate in this study. 1-OHP determination in urine samples was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography after hydrolysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p < 0.05. Results: The mean urinary 1-OHP concentration (${\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine) among charcoal workers at Igbo-Ora and Alabata and non-charcoal workers were $2.22{\pm}1.27$, $1.32{\pm}0.65$, and $0.32{\pm}0.26$ (p < 0.01). There existed a relationship between respondent type and 1-OHP concentration. Charcoal workers were 3.14 times more at risk of having 1-OHP concentrations that exceed the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists guideline of $0.49{\mu}mol/mol$ creatinine than non-charcoal workers (relative risk = 3.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-5.8, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Charcoal workers are exposed to PAHs during charcoal production and are at risk of experiencing deleterious effects of PAH exposure. Routine air quality assessment should be carried out in communities where charcoal production takes place. Assessment of urinary 1-OHP concentration and use of personal protective equipment should also be encouraged among charcoal workers.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.1324-1329
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• 2018

This study presents a practical application of complementary safety indicators, which can be applied in a safety assessment of a radioactive waste repository by excluding a biosphere simulation and comparing the artificial radiation originating from the repository with the background natural radiation. Complementary safety indicators (radiotoxicity flux from geosphere and radiotoxicity concentration in seawater) were applied in the safety assessment of a rock-cavern type low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW) repository in the Republic of Korea. The natural radionuclide ($^{40}K$, $^{226,228}Ra$, $^{232}Th$, and $^{234,235,238}U$) concentrations in the groundwater and seawater at the Gyeongju LILW repository site were measured. Based on the analyzed concentrations of natural radionuclides, the levels of natural radiation were determined to be $8.6{\times}10^{-5}$ - $8.0{\times}10^{-4}Sv/m^2/yr$ and $6.95{\times}10^{-5}Sv/m^3$ for radiotoxicity flux from the geosphere and radiotoxicity concentration in seawater, respectively. From simulation results obtained using a Goldsim-based safety assessment model, it was determined that the radiotoxicity of radionuclides released from the repository is lower than that of the natural radionuclides inherently present in the natural waters. The applicability of the complementary safety indicators to the safety case was discussed with regard to reduction of the uncertainty associated with biosphere simulations, and communication with the public.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationships musculoskeletal pains with combined vulnerability in terms of age, gender, and employment status Methods: The fifth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) in 2010 (43,816 participants aged 15 years and over) analyzed for European employees and the third Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) in 2011 (50,032 participants aged 15 years and older) analyzed for Korean employees. In this study, three well known vulnerable factors to musculoskeletal pains (older age, female gender, and precarious employment status) were combined and defined as combined vulnerability. Associations of musculoskeletal pains with combined vulnerability were assessed with prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by Poisson regression models with robust estimates of variance. Results: The prevalences of musculoskeletal pains were lower but the absolute and relative differences between combined vulnerabilities were higher among Korean employees compared with the European employees. Furthermore, the increased risk of having musculoskeletal pains according to combined vulnerability was modestly explained by socioeconomic factors and exposure to ergonomic risk factors, especially in Republic of Korea. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the labor market may be more unfavorable for female and elderly workers in Republic of Korea. Any prevention strategies to ward off musculoskeletal pains, therefore, should be found and implemented to mitigate or buffer against the most vulnerable work population, older, female, and precarious employment status, in Republic of Korea.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.352-363
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to analyze the domestic and international trends and cases of welfare programs for the social minority to provide implications for policy development. This study examined the trends of Community Care in the UK and Local Governance in Japan as overseas policy trends. In addition, along with the trend of welfare programs provided for the social minority in each region in Korea, as a domestic cases, case of Bucheon city as a case of gender policy, Daejeon city as a case of palate policy for the disabled, and Seongdong-gu, Seoul as a case of policy for children are analyzed. As implications obtained through this analysis, it was suggested that at the regional level, the demand survey appropriate to the situation of the region and the connection with the cooperative entities in various regions are important.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.67
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• pp.139-203
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• 2021

The study aims to analyze the records management reference tables currently being utilized and to provide directions on how should be redesigned in the future to operate as a appraisal tool for national archives. From the perspective of "what records should be the national archives", it was intended to analyze the records management reference tables, particularly in the environmental public authorities, and to propose future improvements. The main focus of the analysis is on appraising records that need to be preserved as national archives, and therefore, prior to analysis of the tables, it examines whether the archival selection criteria are clearly presented. Subsequently, the study is conducted how to implement this criteria through the records management reference table of each agency and how its implementation system will be constructed. The analysis will be focused on Ministry of Environment's records management reference table and records schedules or appraisal/selection tools of the central and federal institutions that perform environmental functions in U.S., Australia, and UK.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

Purpose: This study identifies the relative importance of the sub - factors of initial services and continuous services using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, and calculates the competitive index for the detailed factors. The purpose of this paper is to propose the establishment of long - term and short - term management strategy for expansion of business of food service franchise, franchisors, long - term and win - win relationship with franchisees, and rationalization of operating system. Research design, data, and methodology: The population for the survey is 92 franchisees in 46 foreign brands and 46 domestic brands in the Seoul metropolitan area (Seoul / Gyeonggi / Incheon). The survey was conducted from July 1 to August 31, 2018 through the survey agency with a telephone interview and a surveyor's direct visit. A total of 100 questionnaires were collected, but a total of 92 parts were used for analysis except 8 parts that were considered to contain false information. Using the AHP method, relative importance and competitiveness index were calculated for the details of initial services and continuous services. Results: The results shows continuous services were significantly higher for both foreign brand franchises, domestic brand franchises, and overall than initial services, This suggests that the continuous services of the affiliated franchisors has a higher relative importance than the initial services. Among the continuous services, brand reinforcement and promotion were significantly higher for both foreign brand merchants and domestic brand franchises. This can be regarded as the most important factor in brand reinforcement and promotion when selecting a food service franchisors. Conclusions: In the Standard Terms and Conditions governed by the Fair Trade Commission, the franchisors should increase the fairness by creating manuals for supporting services, especially after opening, and regularly checking whether the supporting services have been carried out like manuals since the establishment of franchisees. In addition, the Brand Strengthening and Public Relations Committee (tentative name) jointly participated by the franchisors and franchisees for the purpose of strengthening and promoting the brand, suggesting a system for transparent and efficient execution of the brand reinforcement and promotion budget and monitoring afterwards.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.317-326
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• 2021

The scientific culture programs of 13 Government-supported Research Institutes in the field of Science and Technology (GRIST) in Daedeok Innopolis are studied and classified according to the activities and operational types of programs conducted by GRIST over the past three years (2017~19). The total 150 scientific and cultural programs of GRIST were operational with annual average of 11.5 programs per institution. Science festival and field trip, as a scientific culture activity, account for 72%. By means of operational entity, the programs were identified as 68(45.3%) for PPOI(Programs Planned and Operated by Institute) and 82(54.7%) for PCPI(Programs Contributed and Participated by Institute). Also the 87.2% of all participants were elementary, middle, high school, and college students and the program for adult participants was none. From this study, we suggest that open lab type of science festival programs, which organized and operated by each GRIST, to inform ongoing and advanced research for public understand of research (PUR) and science concerts for targeting adult audiences.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2021

Frequent restructuring of the organization according to the rapidly changing business environment, and increasing of employment insecurity made the employees have a cynical attitude toward the organization. The organizational cynicism is believed to hinder the supportive climate and negatively affect organizational effectiveness. This paper analyzed the effects of the cynicism of employees on the supportive climate and organizational effectiveness. Data were collected through questionnaire instruments from 172 employees of a public service. To test the hypothesis, structural equation modeling was employed. The analysis results showed that the supportive climate had a positively significant effect on the organizational effectiveness. And the organizational cynicism had a negative effect on the supportive climate. Finally, cynicism had a negative indirect effect on organizational effectiveness through a organizational climate.