• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

Background: In cerebral palsy (CP), parents' quality of life and rearing attitude are considered possible factors that influence patients' quality of life, function level, and performance in daily activities. Despite these facts, little attention has been given to demonstrate a relation between these factors. Objects: This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between parents' quality of life, functional level, and performance in daily activities, the quality of life of school-aged children with spastic CP. Methods: This study included 24 parents of school-aged children with spastic CP. The KIDSCREEN-52 and World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL)-BREF questionnaires (including physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains) were used as research tools to assess the quality-of-life profiles of the children with spastic CP and those of their parents, respectively. In addition, the function levels and performance in daily activities of the children with CP were assessed by using the gross motor function measure (GMFM) and modified Barthel index (MBI). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to clarify the determinants of the quality of life of the children with CP. Results: The KIDSCREEN-52 score correlated with the total score (r=.735, p<.01) and all domains of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (physical: r=.542, p<.01; psychological: r=.690, p<.01; social: r=.568, p<.01; and environmental: r=.783, p<.01). In addition, significant correlation was found between the KIDSCREEN-52 and MBI scores (r=.411, p<.05), and between the MBI and GMFM scores (r=.427, p<.05). After controlling for age, gender, paralytic type, GMFM, and MBI, the WHOQOL-BREF score ($R^2=.621$), particularly in the environmental domain ($R^2=.699$), remained independently related to the quality of life of the children. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the quality of life of school-aged children with spastic CP can be influenced by the quality of life of their parents. This study provides useful information for future studies to investigate the quality of life of children with CP.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.190-198
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to define the concept of stress in siblings of childhood cancer patients. Methods: The hybrid model was used to perform the concept analysis of stress in childhood cancer patients' siblings. Through reviews of 16 studies in the theoretical phase and interviews with 20 siblings in the field phase, the derived results were brought together in the integration phase. Results: The concept of stress in siblings of patients with childhood cancer was found to have 6 attributes and 28 indicators in 3 domains. Personal factors included 2 attributes (fear about childhood cancer and immature coping skills), and family factors had 2 attributes (changes in relationships with family and changes in family environment), social factors had 2 attributes (changes in relationships with friends and in the school experience, and insufficient social support). Conclusion: The stress of siblings of childhood cancer patients was defined as a state of tension associated with personal, family, social factors that can be related to their siblings' childhood cancer. The findings in this study provide the base for the development of a tool for measuring siblings' stress and/or the development of nursing programs for these siblings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify a path diagram for the influence of family, personality, sexual abuse, drug abuse, coping strategies, and aggressive impulsiveness on aggression, and to develop a sublimation program for Korean adolescent's aggression. Method: Data was collected by self-report questionnaires. Subjects consisted of 2,111 adolescents. A proportional stratified random sampling method was used. The major instrument was the Mental Health Questionnaire for Korean Adolescents, and the Cronbach's Alpha ranged from .54 to .95 for each subscale. Statistical methods were Chi-square, correlation analysis, and path analysis. Results: The strongest contributing variables on aggression were person-related aggressive impulsiveness, antisocial personality, self-injured aggressive impulsiveness, gender, sexual abuse, psychosomatic symptoms II, drug abuse, age, parent-child relationship, alcohol abuse and cognitive avoidance coping strategies in the order named. Also the author developed a multi-systemic sublimation program for Korean adolescents's aggression. The multi-systemic sublimation program involves four domains including adolescents, parents, peers and community, and has several therapeutic sub-programs for each domain. Conclusion: The ecology of human development is composed of multiple, integrated levels of organization, including biological, individual-psychological, social-interpersonal, cultural, and historical levels. Therefore, this multi-systemic sublimation program will prevent and decrease the rate of aggressive behavior among Korean adolescents.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 2023

Physicians should be able to address health-related issues of patients and populations from a multidimensional perspective. Therefore, medical schools have a social responsibility to develop and implement curricula that enable trainees to acquire the competencies needed to improve all aspects of patient care and healthcare delivery. This study explored the concept of health systems science concept as the third pillar of medical education (the other two are basic science and clinical medicine) in the Korean context, as well as related educational needs. The theoretical foundation of health systems science is the biopsychosocial conceptual model, which emphasizes the biological, psychological, and social factors surrounding patients. We concluded that the three domains (core functional, foundational, linking) and 12 subcategories of health systems science proposed by the Association of American Medical Colleges could be applied to Korean medical education. Health systems science education must be emphasized to solve the various healthcare problems facing Korea today and to train physicians to provide medical services in line with society's needs. Introducing a health systems science curriculum will be challenging in the Korean medical environment, which has traditionally emphasized basic science and clinical medical education. Health systems science education should begin in the basic medical education phase, where physicians' professional identity is formed, and continue through graduate medical education. It is essential to understand related educational needs, develop curricular content, conduct faculty development programs, and provide financial resources for the development of an integrated curriculum.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was carried out to deveop nursing costs and to substantiate the application of appropriate activity-based nursing costs for the current clinical nurse specialists. Method: The study sample was a group of 8 home health care team of the tirtiary Hospital in Korea. The data was collected from September 2003 through December 2004. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS PC 11.0 program and calculated mean and the standard deviation. In Lee(2003)'s nursing activity analysis, nursing activities were classified into two major classification, 19 domains and 70 activities. Each activities was calculated using its work validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and the necessary time. The simple work costs was calculated the work wage per minute and the necessary time. The work load intensity was calculated using the work wage per minute and the necessary time work load intensity/100. Results: In this study, the work wage was 283 won per minute. The work validity ranged from 2.71-4.00. The highest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 12,735won/47,374won for research activity, 10,700won/27,499won for bedsore care, and 9,727won/35,114won for deathbed care. The lowest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 2,123won/2,038won for intramuscular injection, 2,210won/2,166won for hypodermic injection, and 2,210won/1,547won for a application of medicine(or ointment or cream). Conclusions: It revealed that the nursing cost should be considered validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and necessary time. Therefore, It is necessary to calculate nursing cost systematically based on activities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.337-352
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse research trends related to the evaluation of quality of nursing, thereby obtaining basic data relating to the identification of current situation of instrument development of quality of nursing, and of future research orientation and to the development of performance index of nursing organization. Method: The data were collected from June to December, 2002 through the review of total of 32 research papers which had evaluated quality of nursing among published papers in Korea from 1976 to August 2002. The analysis was done in terms of research period, the periodicals in which research papers were published, domains and the approaches of evaluation of nursing quality. The content analysis of lowest-level items amounting was performed using NIC developed by McCloskey & Bulecheck(1998) and consequential indices of quality of nursing developed by Chi(1995). Results: Twenty-three of 32 papers(71.8%) turned out to be published after 1995, indicating surging interest in the evaluation of quality of nursing from the mid 1990s. Also, ten of 12 research papers dealing with subjects' diseases were published after 1995. In content analysis of lowest-level items of the process-oriented evaluation of quality of nursing, the highest nursing intervention was patient education about procedure and treatment; followed in descending order by patient education about disease process, strengthening of communication, managing environment, infection control, admission care, defecation and urination care. In content analysis of lowest-level items of the outcome-oriented evaluation of quality of nursing, items of physical and psychological state, of patient and family satisfaction, of knowledge and home care, of change of patients' state, of addressing nursing issues, and of patient recovery were the outcome indicators in more than 60 percent research papers. Conclusion: The findings provided the foundation for their effective use in nursing practice with comparing and presenting various core evaluation items representing process and outcome domains.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.184-194
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a diabetes management self-efficacy scale for older adults (DMSES-O). Methods: A preliminary DMSES-O of 22 items was derived from a literature review and seven domains of self-management behaviors. Content validity was confirmed by experts in diabetes self-management education. To test the reliability and validity of the DMSES-O, data were collected from 150 older adults with type 2 diabetes. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: From the exploratory factor analysis, 17 significant items in six subscales were derived. Factors derived were named "problem solving for hypoglycemia and self-monitoring blood glucose," "problem solving for hyperglycemia," "coping with psychological distress and taking medication," "reducing risks of diabetes complications," "appropriate exercise," and "healthy eating." The criterion-related validity of the DMSES-O was established by its correlation with the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, a measure of internal consistency, was .84 for the overall scale and ranged from .54 to .80 for the subscales. Conclusion: The DMSES-O is a reliable and valid instrument to measure selfefficacy for diabetes self-management among older adults.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.54-66
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated participation in and perceptions of antibiotic stewardship among nurses at a children's hospital. Methods: This descriptive study included 125 nurses working in the inpatient ward, intensive care unit and emergency room of a single tertiary children's hospital. The study measured 14 factors influencing antibiotic stewardship behaviors using the theoretical domains framework. Each factor was analyzed by categorizing it into components (capability, opportunity, and motivation) that have been proposed as influencing factors in the COM-B model of behavior. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to explore differences in antibiotic stewardship behaviors and influencing factors according to general characteristics and the correlation between antibiotic stewardship behaviors and COM-B components. Results: No statistically significant difference in antibiotic stewardship behaviors was found based on the experience of antibiotic stewardship education or the nursing department. However, significant differences were observed in the perception levels of factors related to antibiotic stewardship behaviors according to the experience of antibiotic stewardship education in skill (physical) (p=.042), knowledge (p=.027), intentions (p=.028), and social influences (p=.010). Additionally, significant differences were observed in perception levels according to the sub-components of the COM-B model, specifically physical capability (p=.042), psychological capability (p=.027), and social opportunity (p=.010). Conclusion: To expand nurses' involvement and roles in antibiotic stewardship, nurses should acknowledge the significance of appropriate antibiotic use, aiming to enhance the quality of medical care and ensure patient safety. In pursuit of this objective, tailored education aligning with the specific needs and practices of nurses is essential.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the perceptions of elementary school students about science learning and lab safety in the affective, behavioral, and cognitive domains. With respect to science learning, students indicated liking science classes more than average, being good at scientific inquiry more than average, and having more scientific knowledge than average. Compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic, student confidence in retaining scientific knowledge had decreased markedly. Of the eight student types in the students' awareness levels about affective·behavioral·cognitive domain, the HHH type-the most ideal-was also the most distributed. Students' preferred science class methods were experimental (72.7%) and nature inquiry classes (23.2%); science knowledge classes were ranked a distant third (4.1%). Preferred class locations were the science lab (58.1%) and different places from time to time (34.4%); the classroom was ranked last (7.5%). With respect to lab safety, most elementary school students did not have experimental classes, but more than half reported understanding how to use experimental equipment. Most students recognized the need to wear safety equipment in the lab. They were not only well aware of the associated physical protection functions, but also of the affective and psychological effects. Most students also recognized that first aid education is necessary, but only 31.5% reported understanding first aid methods. Based on those results, the implications for science learning and lab safety in school are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.443-450
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• 1998

This study was performed to find the environmental factors of inquiry instruction perceived by secondary school science teacher. The instrument consisted of three domains such as teaching conditions, viewpoints of secondary school science teachers of environmental factors for inquiry instruction, and barrier and improve! rent factors of inquiry instruction. Teaching conditions between middle school and high school science teachers were not different significantly. Environmental factors of inquiry instruction of secondary school science teacher included five factors such as 'facilities and encouragement', 'amount of works and materials', 'teacher education and textbook', 'practice and knowledge' and 'perception of necessity and satisfaction'. And all factors except 'perception of necessity and satisfaction' were very low state for inquiry instruction. In the disturbant and improving factors, the critical factors were 'over students per class', 'textbook' and 'learning materials' for middle school science teachers, and 'over students per class', and 'entrance examination' for high school science teachers. Thus the development and diffusion of adequate inquiry learning materials may be helpful to practicing inquiry instruction as decrease of works and psychological charges, and it is needed to reorganize systematically and intensify pre- and in-service teacher education to practice inquiry instruction.