• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.209-219
• /
• 2019

Unbonded Post-Tensioned (UPT) precast concrete systems have been shown to provide excellent seismic resistance. In order to improve understanding of the dynamic response of UPT systems, a series of snap back tests on four UPT systems was undertaken consisting of one Single Rocking Wall (SRW) and three Precast Wall with End Columns (PreWEC) systems. The snap back tests provided both a static pushover and a nonlinear free vibration response of a system. As expected the SRW exhibited an approximate bi-linear inertia force-drift response during the free vibration decay and the PreWEC walls showed an inertia force-drift response with increased strength and energy dissipation due to the addition of steel O-connectors. All walls exhibited negligible residual drifts regardless of the number of O-connectors or the post-tensioning force. When PreWEC systems of the same strength were compared the inclusion of further energy dissipating O-connectors was found to decrease the measured peak wall acceleration. Both the local and global wall parameters measured at pseudo-static and dynamic loading rates showed similar behaviour, which demonstrates that the dynamic behaviour of UPT walls is well represented by pseudo-static tests. The SRW was found to have Equivalent Viscous Damping (EVD) between 0.9-3.8% and the three PreWEC walls were found to have maximum EVD of between 14.7-25.8%.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2017

Pseudo-static approach has been conventionally applied for the design of gravity quay walls. In this method, the decision to select an appropriate seismic coefficient ($k_h$) is an important one, since $k_h$ is a key variable for computing an equivalent pseudo-static inertia force. Nonetheless, there is no unified standard for defining $k_h$. Likewise, port structure designers in Korea have a difficulty in choosing an appropriate $k_h$ definition, as there are conflicts in how $k_h$ is defined between the existing seismic code of port structures and the proposed new one. In this research, various seismic design codes for port structures were analyzed to compare the definitions of the seismic coefficient. The results were used for the proposing a unified seismic coefficient definition. Further, two dynamic centrifuge tests were performed with different wall heights (5 m, 15 m) to clarify the reference point of peak acceleration used in determination of $k_h$ according to the wall height. Results from dynamic centrifuge experiments showed that correction factors for the peak ground acceleration considering both the wall height and allowable displacement are needed to calculate $k_h$.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 2020

국내에서는 비탈면을 대상으로 유사정적해석 시 수평 지진계수에 대한 적용 규정과 적용 사례들이 많이 있지만 연직 지진계수에 대한 규정이나 사례는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 연직 지진계수의 영향도를 검토하고자 단양군 단양읍 ◯◯리를 대상으로 현장조사 및 실내시험을 수행하고, 이를 반영하여 무한사면 안정해석 기반의 유사정적 사면안정해석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 지진규모가 5 이하인 경우에는 연직 지진계수의 영향이 거의 없는 것으로 분석되며, 지진규모가 6 이상인 경우에는 연직 지진계수가 안전율 1.1 이하의 불안정 영역을 크게 증가시키는 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 경향은 강우가 없는 조건보다 강우가 있는 조건에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타난다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2018

Pseudo-static approach has been conventionally applied for the design of gravity type quay walls. In this method, seismic coefficient ($k_h$), expressed in terms of acceleration due to gravity, is used to convert the real dynamic behavior to an equivalent pseudo-static inertial force for seismic analysis and design. Therefore, the calculation of an appropriate $k_h$ considering frequency characteristics of input earthquake is critical for representing the real dynamic behavior. However, the definitions of $k_h$, which is used for simplified analysis in Korea, focuses only on convenience that is easy to use, and the frequency characteristics of input earthquake are not reflected in the $k_h$ definitions. This paper evaluates the influences of the frequency characteristics of input earthquake on $k_h$ by initially reviewing the $k_h$ definitions in the existing codes of Japan for port structures and then by performing a series of dynamic centrifuge tests on caisson gravity quay walls of different earthquake input motions (Ofunato, Hachinohe). A review of the existing codes and guidelines has shown that the $k_h$ values are differently estimated according to the frequency characteristics of input earthquake. On the other hand, based on the centrifuge tests, it was found that the permanent displacements of wall are more induced when long-period-dominant earthquake is applied.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.671-686
• /
• 2018

최근 경주, 포항 인근에서 지진이 발생하여 대도시의 초고층 빌딩과 그에 인접한 지하구조물의 내진해석에 대한 사회적 요구가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 기존에 수행되어 왔던 대부분 내진해석 연구는 초고층 빌딩과 지하구조물을 개별적으로 분석하여 구조물간 동적 상호거동 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기반암과 표층으로 이루어진 지반에 건물과 인접 지하구조물이 설치된 복합지하시설물을 대상으로 지반과 구조물을 동시에 고려한 동적해석을 수행하였다. 특히 신뢰도를 높이기 위해 유사정적해석을 추가로 수행하여 동적해석 결과와 비교 분석하였다. 종합적으로 복합시설물에 대한 SSI 해석 시 인접 지하구조물을 고려하는 것이 보다 보수적인 방법이라고 결론 내렸다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.267-283
• /
• 2011

Although earthquakes generate random cyclic lateral loading on structures, a quasi-static cyclic loading pattern with gradually increasing amplitude has been commonly used in the laboratory tests because of its relatively low cost and simplicity compared with pseudo-dynamic and shake table tests. The number, amplitudes and sequence of cycles must be chosen appropriately as important parameters of a quasi-static cyclic loading pattern in order to account for cumulative damage matter. This paper aims to reach a new cyclic displacement pattern to be used in quasi-static tests of well-confined, flexure-dominated reinforced concrete (RC) columns. The main parameters of the study are sectional dimensions, percentage of longitudinal reinforcement, axial force intensity and earthquake types, namely, far-fault and near-fault.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2021

현재 공용중인 교량에 대한 재하시험으로 계측한 응답과 초기해석모델의 해석 응답을 비교하여 응답보정계수를 계산하고, 이 모델을 사용하여 내하율과 내하력을 평가하는 방법을 적용하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 응답보정계수는 계측 위치와 하중 조건에 따라 변동하는 값을 준다. 특히 초기해석모델이 교량의 거동에 합당하지 않은 경우, 그 변동 폭이 크며 보정된 모델에 의한 해석 응답이 계측된 응답과 동떨어진 결과를 줄 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 저속으로 주행하는 차량의 다양한 하중 조건에서 동적 성분을 제거한 정적 응답을 얻기 위해 의사정적재하시험법을 적용하였다. 두 개의 유사한 PSC-I 거더교에서 정적 응답을 계측하고, 두 교량 각각에 대한 변위와 변형률에 대한 응답보정계수를 계산하였다. 초기해석모델이 제대로 설정되어 있지 않다면, 평균적으로 구한 응답보정계수로 보정한 모델의 해석 응답이 계측 응답과 오차범위 내에 들어오는지 않음을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.751-765
• /
• 2011

The present paper deals with the identification of a concentrated damage in an elastic parabolic arch through the minimization of an objective function which measures the differences between numerical and experimental values of static displacements. The damage consists in a notch that reduces the height of the cross section at a given abscissa and therefore causes a variation in the flexural stiffness of the structure. The analytical values of static displacements due to applied loads are calculated by means of the principle of virtual work for both the undamaged and damaged arch. First, pseudo-experimental data are used to study the inverse problem and investigate whether a unique solution can occur or not. Various damage intensities are considered to assess the reliability of the identification procedure. Then, the identification procedure is applied to an experimental case, where displacements are measured on a prototype arch. The identified values of damage parameters, i.e., location and intensity, are compared to those obtained by means of a dynamic identification technique performed on the same structure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.427-445
• /
• 2015

By means of finite element numerical simulation and pseudo-static method, the shallow-buried bilateral bias twin-tube tunnel subject to horizontal and vertical seismic forces are researched. The research includes rupture angles, the failure mode of the tunnel and the distribution of surrounding rock relaxation pressure. And the analytical solution for surrounding rock relaxation pressure is derived. For such tunnels, their surrounding rock has sliding rupture planes that generally follow a "W" shape. The failure area is determined by the rupture angles. Research shows that for shallow-buried bilateral bias twin-tube tunnel under the action of seismic force, the load effect on the tunnel structure shall be studied based on the relaxation pressure induced by surrounding rock failure. The rupture angles between the left tube and the right tube are independent of the surface slope. For tunnels with surrounding rock of Grade IV, V and VI, which is of poor quality, the recommended reinforcement range for the rupture angles is provided when the seismic fortification intensity is VI, VII, VIII and IX respectively. This study is expected to provide theoretical support regarding the ground reinforcement range for the shallow-buried bilateral bias twin-tube tunnel under seismic force.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제61권6호
• /
• pp.795-806
• /
• 2017

According to the characteristics of continuous beam bridges, the relative displacement is too large to collision or even girder falling under earthquakes. A device named Cable-sliding Modular Expansion Joints(CMEJs) that can control the relative displacement and avoid collision under different ground motions is proposed. Working principle and mechanical model is described. This paper design the CMEJs, establish the restoring force model, verify the force model of this device by the pseudo-static tests, and describe and analyze results of the tests, and then based on a triple continuous beam bridge that has different heights of piers, a 3D model with or without CMEJs were established under Conventional System (CS) and Seismic Isolation System (SIS). The results show that this device can control the relative displacement and avoid collisions. The combination of isolation technology and CMEJs can be more effective to achieve both functions, but it need to take measures to prevent girder falling due to the displacement between pier and beam under large earthquakes.