• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 2017

The influence of triploidization on histological characteristics of retina, trunk kidney, liver and midgut tissue, and cell cycle of tail fin and gill tissue in far eastern catfish, Silurus asotus were analyzed. In the infertile triploid fish, the nucleus and/or cell size of secondary proximal tubule cells of trunk kidney, hepatocyte and midgut epithelium are much larger than those of the corresponding cells in the diploid fish (P<0.05). However, triploid tissue showed fewer number of outer nuclear layer in retina and nuclei in secondary proximal tubule of trunk kidney than those for diploid tissue. The mean percentages of the $G_l-$, the S- and the $G_2+M-phase$ fractions were 92.5%, 3.2% and 4.3% in tail fin tissue of diploid, and 93.4%, 2.6% and 4.0% in those of triploid, respectively. There were no significant differences in the percentages of each cell cycle fraction between diploid and triploid. The mean percentages of each phase fractions were 75.1%, 11.1% and 13.8% in gill tissue of diploid and 85.2%, 8.9% and 5.9% in those of triploid, respectively. The differences of cell cycle between tail fin tissue and gill tissue were statistically significant in diploid and triploid (P<0.05). Also, the differences between diploid and triploid were statistically significant in tail fin tissue and gill tissue (P<0.05). Cyclin D1 and cyclin E expressions were not significantly difference between gill tissue and tail fin tissue, and protein expressions of induced triploid were higher than those of diploid. Results from this study suggest that some characteristics in the triploid exhibiting larger cell and nucleus size with fewer number of cell than diploid can be used as an indicator in the identification of triploidization and ploidy level in far eastern catfish.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2015

The influence of triploidization on cell and nucleus size characteristics of the same tissues of erythrocyte, retina, kidney, hepatocyte and midgut epithelium in marine medaka, Oryzias dancena has been determined histologically. Induced triploid fish are produced by cold shock treatments. Likewise, the size of horizontal cell nucleus in inner nuclear layer of retina, ganglion cell nucleus in ganglion cell layer of retina, proximal tubule cell of kidney, hepatocytes and nuclear height of midgut epithelium all appear to be significantly larger than diploid (P<0.05). On the other hand, retina thickness is larger in diploid than induced triploid (P<0.05). Induced triploid shows low density of cell number. Results of this study suggest that same characteristics in the induced triploid exhibiting larger cells and nucleus sizes with fewer number of cells than the diploid can be useful criteria for the distinction between diploid and induced triploid, and also the ploidy level in marine medaka.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.369-377
• /
• 1999

A new series of highly water soluble platinum(II) complexes {Pt(II)[1,3-bis(phenylthio) propane](trans- -1,2-diaminocyclohexane) (PC-1) and Pt(II)[1,3-bis-(phenythio)propane] cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane(PC-2)} were synthesized, and characterized by their elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques[infrared(IR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)]. In vitro antitumor activity of new Pt(II) complexes was tested against P-388 and L-1210 mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell lines, PC-14 / P, PC-14/ADM and PC-14 / CDDP human pulmonary adenocarcinima, DU-145 human prostate carcinoma, HT-1376 human bladder carcinoma, ZR-75-1 human breast carcinoma, MKN-45/P and MKN-45/CDDP human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines using colorimetric MTT[3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] assay for cell survival and proliferation. PC-1 showed active against L-1210, P-388 leukemia, human lung, stomach, prostate, bladder and breast cancer cell lines, and the antitumor activity of these compounds were comparable or superior to those of PC-2 and displatin. The nephrotoxicities of PC-1 and PC-2 were found quite less than that of cisplatin using MTT and [3H] thymidine uptake in rabbit proximal tubule cells and human kidney cortical cells. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) complex compound (PC-1) represents a valuable lead in the development of a new anticancer chemotherapeutic agent capable of improving antitumor activity and low nephrotoxicity.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 2022

Albizia julibrissin Durazz. (AJ; family Minosaceae) is widely distributed worldwide, and its stem bark has been used as a traditional herbal medicine. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome that results in sudden loss of renal function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AJ against cisplatin-induced AKI using a human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cell line (HK-2) and cisplatin-treated mice. In vitro, cisplatin treatment increased apoptosis in HK-2 cells. However, AJ treatment decreased apoptosis of cisplatin-treated HK-2 cells. In vivo, cisplatin treatment accelerated renal injury by increasing the levels of renal injury markers, such as blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, kidney injury molecule 1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, which were reversed by AJ treatment. Histopathologically, AJ treatment resulted in decreased renal damage with less tubular necrosis and brush border desquamation compared with the AKI group. Additionally, cisplatin treatment upregulated mitochondrial fission, a pathological characteristic of AKI, which was downregulated by AJ treatment. Along with increased mitochondrial fission, AJ treatment also reduced cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that AJ may be a potential therapeutic agent for cisplatin-induced AKI.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.138-145
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of fermented sesame sauce (FSeS) against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative damage in renal proximal tubule LLC-PK1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical ($^{\bullet}OH$), and $H_2O_2$ scavenging assay was used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of FSeS. To investigate the cytoprotective effect of FSeS against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells, the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were measured. RESULTS: The ability of FSeS to scavenge DPPH, $^{\bullet}OH$ and $H_2O_2$ was greater than that of FSS and AHSS. FSeS also significantly inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced ($500{\mu}M$) oxidative damage in the LLC-PK1 cells compared to FSS and AHSS (P < 0.05). Following treatment with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of FSeS and FSS to prevent $H_2O_2$-induced oxidation, cell viability increased from 56.7% (control) to 83.7% and 75.6%, respectively. However, AHSS was not able to reduce $H_2O_2$-induced cell damage (viability of the AHSS-treated cells was 54.6%). FSeS more effectively suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced ROS generation and lipid peroxidation compared to FSS and AHSS (P < 0.05). Compared to the other sauces, FSeS also significantly increased cellular CAT, SOD, and GSH-px activities and mRNA expression (P < 0.05). CONCULUSIONS: These results from the present study suggest that FSeS is an effective radical scavenger and protects against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells by reducing ROS levels, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.171-187
• /
• 1998

Garlic occupies a special position among the many foods of vegetable origin because it is the sole food for Koreans during the their lives. And vitamin A has been ingested by forms of food or additives. Cadmium has been described as one of the most dangerous trace elements in the food and environment of man and livestocks. Since the de novo synthesis of stress proteins can be detected early after exposure to some agents, analysis of cadmium-induced changes in gene expression , ie. alterations in patterns of protein synthesis, may be useful to develop as biomarkers of exposure and damage for food hygiene. He acute and chronic combine effects of cadmium (Cd, CdCl2 20mg/kg), garlic oil(Dds: diallyl disulfide 50mg/kg, 3 times a week) and vitamin A(Ra: retinol acetate 50,000 IU/kg, 3 times a week) on Wistar male rats were evaluated concerning cadmium contents, tissues enzyme activity, HSP expression histopathological and electron microscopical examinations. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. Less cadmium was absorbed through the digestive tracts, but the ratio of contents in tissue were not changed by the simultaneous adminstration of diallyl disufide or retinol acetate. 2. ALT(alanine aminotransferase) , AST(aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, the key indices of the clinical changes in hepatic and renal function were significantly hanged by the cadmium treatment after 1 week in liver, after 4 weeks in kidney. 3. Histopathological changes in cadmium treated rats were appeared at 8 weeks age treatment in kidneys. Homogenous eosinophilic material was accumulated in cortical and collecting tubular lumens at 16 weeks. Degenerated or necrotized tubular cells were observed in cortex and medulla. Degenerated seminiferous tubules and homogeneous eosinophilic material was seen in interstitial tissue of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Calcium deposits were seen in degenerated seminiferous tubules and the tubules showed severe calcification of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Electron microscope changes in kidney were observed in rats treated with CdCl2 20 mg/kg. Proximal convoluted tubule cells showed selling of cytoplasm and narrow lumen. Capillary endothelial cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles and swelling. Degenerated epithelial cells were accumulated in tubular lumen of kidney. 4. Enhanced synthesis of 70 KDa relateve molecular mass proteins were detected in 2 hours after cadmium, exposure, with maximum activity occurring at 8~48 hours. Induction of HSP 70 was evident at proximal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Testicular cells produced enough HSP to be detected normally. From the above results, it could be concluded that HSP70 induction by the cadmium treatment was a rapid reaction to indicated the exposure of xenobiotics, and retinol acetate reduced the cadmium induced nephrotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.322-327
• /
• 2017

Background: Cynaroside is a flavone, a flavonoid-like compound, known by different names (luteoloside and cinaroside). It is commonly found in Lonicera japonica Thunb., Chrysanthemum moriflium, and Angelica keiskei. The process of cell death has been classified as necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis refers to unregulated cell death induced by a chemotherapeutic agent. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline anti-cancer drug used to treat acute leukemia, cancer, and lymphoma. However, it induces nephrotoxicity including tubular damage. Therefore, we investigated the protective effect of cynaroside against doxorubicin-induced necrosis in HK-2 cells. Methods and Results: To confirm the beneficial effect of cynaroside on doxorubicin-induced necrosis, HK-2 cells, a human proximal tubule epithelial cell line were treated with $10{\mu}M$ doxorubicin and $80{\mu}M$ cynaroside. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in increased DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activity and mitochondria hyperactivation during cell necrosis. However, pretreatment with $80{\mu}M$ cynaroside attenuated DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activity and mitochondria hyperactivation induced by $10{\mu}M$ doxorubicin in HK-2 cells. Conclusions: These results indicated that pretreatment with cynaroside ameliorated doxorubicin-induced necrosis in HK-2 cells. Therefore, cynaroside be used as a therapeutic agent for improving doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity. However, further studies are required to evaluated the toxicity of cynaroside treatment in animals and to determine its protective effect against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in an animal model.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2002

Effects of cadmium (Cd) intoxication on renal endosomal accumulation of organic cations $(OC^+)$ were studied in rats using $^{14}C-tetraethylammnium$ (TEA) as a substrate. Cd intoxication was induced by s.c. injections of 2 mg Cd/kg/day for $2{\sim}3$ weeks. Renal cortical endosomes were isolated and the endosomal acidification (acridine orange fluorescence change) and TEA uptake (Millipore filtration technique) were assessed. The TEA uptake was an uphill transport mediated by $H^+/OC^+$ antiporter driven by the pH gradient established by $H^+-ATPase.$ In endosomes of Cd-intoxicated rats, the ATP-dependent TEA uptake was markedly attenuated due to inhibition of endosomal acidification as well as $H^+/TEA$ antiport. In kinetic analysis of $H^+/TEA$ antiport, Vmax was reduced and Km was increased in the Cd group. Inhibition of $H^+/TEA$ antiport was also observed in normal endosomes directly exposed to free Cd (but not Cd-metallothionein complex, CdMt) in vitro. These data suggest that during chronic Cd exposure, free Cd ions liberated by lysosomal degradation of CdMt in proximal tubule cells may impair the endosomal accumulation of $OC^+$ by directly inhibiting the $H^+/OC^+$ antiporter activity and indirectly by reducing the intravesicular acidification, the driving force for $H^+/OC^+$ exchange.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.258-264
• /
• 1998

Nephroprotective effects of a crude drug-preparation (Ekongsan) were determined from cisplatin induced renal injury in vivo and in vitro. Ekongsan decreased cisplatin induced the cytotoxicity on rabbit kidney proximal tubule and human renal cortical cells by MTT assays and sustained glucose consumption on cisplatin-induced human renal cortical tissue. Levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum after administration of cisplatin (0.75 mg/kg, i.p.) to Ekongsan (0.75 g/kg/d, p.o.) pretreated rats were markedly lower compared to those of cisplatin-treated rats. Moreover, the administration of Ekongsan significantly inhibited the loss of body weight of cisplatin-injected rats. These findings suggest that Ekongsan is an active prescription in protection against nephrotoxicity of cisplatin.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.78-93
• /
• 1990

The ultrastructure of epididymal epithelium of 10, 20, 35 and 80 day-old mouse was observed to study the differentiation and function of the epithelial cells in connection with the absorption and secretion during sexual matruation. The differentiation of epididymis was divided into three phases of, 1) undiflerentiated phase until the day 20 after birth, 2) growing and differentiating phase between the day 20 and 35, and 3) maturating phase up to the adult. Each phase was closely related with the lumination of seminiferous tubule and the influx of spermatozoa within testicular fluid from testis. In adult, the ultrastructural features appeared an absorptive function in the principal cells of proximal caput epididymis, and a strong activity of protein synthesis and secretion in distal caput, corpus and cauda epididymis. Clear cells were predominantly located in corpus and cauda epidiymis, and plenty of absorption vesicles including membranous particles assumed to be the cellular residues from spermatozoa were observed at apical region. Therefore, the distribution of various cell types of epithelium and the ultrastructure even in the same type of epithelial cell, were different according to the epididymal regions.