• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.86-86
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• 2017

Prolamins are the main seed storage proteins in cereals. Gluten proteins seem to be prolamins because their primary structure have the meaningful quantity of proline and glutamine amino acid residues. Gluten proteins are found in crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and rye (Secale cereale) which are major food crops in the Triticeae tribe. Glutenin and gliadin, hordein, and secalin are typical gluten proteins found in wheat, barley, and rye, respectively. Gluten affect grain quality so that many researches, such as isolation or characterization of their genes, have been carried out. To improve the quality of grains in the Triticeae tribe, it is necessary to understand the relationship within their gluten proteins and their evolutionary changes. The sequences of nucleotides and amino acids of gluten protein including glutenins, gliadins, hordeins, and secalins were retrieved from NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Uniprot (http://www.uniprot.org/). The sequence analysis and the phylogenetic analysis of gluten proteins were performed with various website tools. The results demonstrated that gluten proteins were grouped with their homology and were mostly corresponded with the previous reports. However, some genes were moved, duplicated, or disappeared as evolutionary process. The obtained data will encourage the breeding programs of wheat, barley, rye, and other crops in the Triticeae tribe.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.282-286
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• 1990

두유박에 함유되어 있는 불용성 형태의 단백질을 Bacillus subtilis IAM 1071 natto가 생산하는 효소를 이용하여 가용성 형태의 단백질로 용출시키기 위하여 효소작용 최적 조건으로서 pH, 온도 및 소화 시간을 결정한 다음 추출액의 ·아미노산 조성을 분석하였다. 두유박의 단백질 용출을 위한 최적 pH는 7.5였으며 최적온도는 $45^{\circ}C$였고 최적조건하에서 15시간의 소화로 63%의 단백질 추출율을 보였다. 추출액의 아미노산은 고르게 분포되었으며, 특히 필수 아미노산의 조성도 상당히 좋은 편이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2001

To investigate the partitioning of newly absorbed N derived from NO$_3$- and NH$_4$$^{+}$, 6 mM $K^{15}$ NO$_3$ or 3 mM ($^{15}$ NH$_4$)$_2$ was fed continuously in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflrum L.) for 7 days. Nitrogen metabolites (nitrate, amino acid, soluble- and insoluble protein) were analyzed at the end of $^{15}$ N feeding. Dry weight in shoot, stubble and root was not significantly different between NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and NH$_4$$^{+}$ feeding. Total nitrogen content in all three organs was significantly higher in NH$_4$$^{+}$ than NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ feeding. Sum on N content in reduced N fractions (amino acids + proteins) in shoot, stubble and roots in NH$_4$$^{+}$ feeding increased by 13.3, 12.5 and 35.4 %, respectively, compared to NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ feeding. The Relative Specific Activity (RSA, percentage of newly absorbed $^{15}$ N relative to total N in a sample) values of amino acids and insoluble proteins were significantly higher in NH$_4$$^{+}$ feeding. Total amount of newly absorbed $^{15}$ N in NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ and NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ feeding was 52.3 and 69.5 mg/plant on dry matter basis, respectively. In both NH$_4$$^{+}$ and NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ grown plants, most of the N was allocated to the shoot, 67.5% in NH$_4$$^{+}$ feeding and 58.8% NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ feeding, respectively. The $^{15}$ N amount incorporated in the reduced N compounds (amino acids and proteins) in NH$_4$$^{+}$ grown plants significantly increased by 74.8% compared to NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ grown plants. The increase of the $^{15}$ N amount assimilated to amino acids in NH$_4$$^{+}$ grown plants was remarkably higher in roots as more than 7.25 times compared to NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ feeding. These results indicated that Italian ryegrass was much efficiently utilized NH$_4$$^{+}$-N for the synthesis of reduced N compounds.reduced N compounds.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2010

단백질의 아미노산 조성은 생물정보학의 여러 문제를 해결하기 위한 기초적인 정보로 자주 활용된다. 본 논문에서는 아미노산간의 진화적인 연관성을 정의한 BLOSUM 행렬에서 유도한 유사도 함수를 사용하여 아미노산 조성을 결정한다. 이러한 방법은 생물학적인 연관성이 있는 단백질 서열일수록 비슷한 아미노산 조성을 갖도록 한다. 또한 단백질의 구조와 기능에 중요한 역할을 하는 위치-특이적인 아미노산의 분포를 추정하기 위해서 레이더나 음성 신호의 스펙트럼 분석에 사용되는 개념인 시간-종속 분석, 시간 해상도와 주파수 해상도의 개념을 적용하였다. 제안한 방법을 단백질의 세포내 위치예측에 적용하여 기존의 아미노산 조성 추정 방법을 사용하는 것보다 크게 향상된 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 아위버섯의 일반성분 및 탄수화물, 섬유질, 무기질, 아미노산, 비타민, 유리당, 지방산조성 등을 조사하여 건강식품개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 실시하였다. 아위버섯의 경우 느타리버섯과 새송이버섯에 비해 수분은 적고 조단백질과 식이섬유가 많음을 보였다. 총 아미노산 함량과 무기질의 함량은 높게 나타났으며, 이는 아위버섯이 우수한 무기질 공급원의 식품이 될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 또한 아위버섯의 경우 느타리버섯, 새송이버섯에 비하여 수용성 비타민뿐만 아니라 지용성비타민의 경우도 많았으며 특히 비타민 C함량은 6배정도 많았고 특이하게 높은 glucose 함량을 보여주었으며 myristic acid등 포화지방산의 함량은 적은 반면, 불포화 지방산인 linoleic acid의 함량은 다소 높게 나타났다. 따라서 아위버섯은 풍부한 영양소를 가지고 있어 다양한 생리활성을 기대할 수 있으며 향후 기능성식품의 좋은 재료로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2006

Changes in the levels of protein and free amino acids in the haemolymph of three selected races of the silkworm, Bombyx mori viz., PM, $NB_4D_2$ and $CSR_2$, were investigated during 4th moult, 5th instar and pupal period. The levels of total protein in the haemolymph, increased from first day of 5th instar till sixth day. From seventh day till spinning, the protein levels decreased in all the three races. A sustained decrease in the haemolymph proteins was observed during the pupal development in all the three races. The levels of free amino acids, which were high during 4th moult, declined through the 5th age of larval development till spinning. PM showed a relatively higher free amino acid level (3.192 mg/ml) in haemolymph followed by $NB_4D_2$ (2.601 mg/ml) and $CSR_2$ (2.35 mg/ml). The free amino acid levels decreased gradually from prepupal stage but increased again at the end of pupal period. Racial differences in the changes in the levels of protein and free amino acids in the haemolymph were observed in the larvae and pupae when subjected to two high temperature regimes of $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. The results showed that high temperature induces specific changes in the metabolism (reversible thermal stress) that have different adaptive value in different races of the silkworm. Relatively higher increase in the free amino acid levels in the haemolymph of Pure Mysore presumably provides protective cover to tissues against high temperature by an increase in osmolarity and reduction in evaporative water loss. The absence of such a mechanism may be responsible for temperature susceptibility of the bivoltine races like $NB_4D_2$ and $CSR_2$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.619-622
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• 1993

Rumen bacterial amino acids in sheep on urea diet were monitored to assess a possible change in amino acid synthesis as a long term response to high rumen ammonia environment. A sheep was fed a semipurified diet with soybean meal, followed by a diet with urea as a main nitrogen source. Mixed rumen bacteria were harvested from ruminal fluid taken 3 h after feeding (twice in soybean meal feeding and 6 times in urea feeding) and fractionated as cell wall, proteins and protein-free cell supernatant of monitor amino acids in each fraction. Ruminal ammonia concentration at the sampling ranged from 5.7 to 39.5 mgN/dl. Cell wall and protein fractions of mixed rumen bacteria were stable in their amino acid composition regardless of nitrogen sources of diet and the feeding duration. However, protein-free cell supernatant fraction showed a higher alanine proportion with urea feeding (18.6 and 28.2 molar % of alanine for samples from sheep fed soybean meal and urea, respectively) and its duration (20.6 and 32.9 molar % for samples from sheep on urea diet for 1 and 65 days, respectively). Total free amino acid level of bacteria was depressed in the initial period of urea feeding but restored on 65th day of the feeding. These results suggest that an alanine synthesizing system may develop in rumen bacteria as urea feeding becomes longer.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 1997

The effect of drying temperature (30, 40, 50, 60$^{\circ}C$) on chemical components of Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodss) was investigate. When compared proximate composition on pileus and stipe of raw and dried materials, all of them were found to be higher in the stipe part than in the pileus part. The major components of organic acid were oxalic, citric, malic, malonic and pyroglutaric acid. The contents of free and total amino acids in pileus and stipe were 3458.4, 7640.2mg% for pilueus; 2298.0, 6171.5mg% for stipe on dry basis, respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the changes of crude ash and organic acids content of Shiitake mushroom among drying temperatures. But the amount of crude fats was increased and that of reducing sugars was decreased with increase of drying temperature. The contents of crude proteins of pileus part of dried materials were increased with increased drying temperature, but those of stile part were gradually decreased. The contents of free amino acids decreased with increase in drying temperature, but those of total amino acids were gradually increased.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2009

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, but their functions remain elusive. The proteins AlLTP2-4 were isolated from three related Allium plants: garlic (A. sativum L.), Welsh onion (A. fistulosum L.), and Nanking shallot (A. ascalonicum L.). These novel proteins comprise a new class of LTPs associated with the Ace-AMP1 from onion (A. cepa L.). The AlLTP genes encode proteins harboring 132 common amino acids and also share a high level of sequence identity. Protein characteristics and phylogenetic analysis suggest that LTPs could be classified into five distinct groups. The AlLTPs were clustered into the most distantly related plant LTP subfamily and appeared to be restricted to the Allium species. In particular, the number of amino acids existing between the fourth and fifth Cys residue was suggested as a conserved motif facilitating the categorization of all the LTP-related proteins in the family. Unlike other LTPs, AlLTPs harboring both the putative C-terminal propeptide and N-terminal signal peptide were predicted to be localized to cytoplasmic vacuoles. When a chimeric GFP protein fused with both N-terminal and C-terminal AlLTP2 signal peptides was expressed in rice cells, the fluorescence signal was detected in the endomembrane compartments, thereby confirming that AlLTPs are an unprecedented intracellular type of LTP. Collectively, our present data demonstrate that AlLTPs are a novel type of LTP associated with the Allium species.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2004

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the $60\%$ isopropanol extract of soybean(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed revealed two abundant proteins with molecular masses of 19 and 10 kDa. Amino acid analysis revealed that the isopropanol-extractable protein fraction was rich in cysteine. Two-dimensional gel electro-phoretic analysis indicated that the 19kDa and 10kDa proteins had pI of 4.2 and 4.0 respectively. Peptide mass fingerprints of trypsin digests of the two proteins obtained using matrix-assisted, laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy revealed the 19kDa protein was Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and the 10kDa protein was Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor. When resolved under non-denaturing conditions, the isopropanol-extracted proteins inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin activity. Results presented in this study demonstrate that isopropanol extraction of soybean seed could be used as a simple and rapid method to obtain a protein fraction enriched in Kunitz trypsin and Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitors. Since proteinase inhibitors are rich in sulfur amino acids and are putative anticarcinogens, this rapid and inexpensive isolation procedure could facilitate efforts in nutrition and cancer research.