• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.194-198
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 학술 문헌에서 표현된 단백질 간 상호 작용(Protein-Protein Interaction) 정보를 자동으로 추출하기 위한 확장된 형태의 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) 모델을 제안한다. 이 모델은 기존에 관계 추출(Relation Extraction)을 위해 고안된 단순 자질 기반의 CNN 모델을 확장하여 다양한 전역 자질들을 추가적으로 적용함으로써 성능을 개선할 수 있는 장점이 있다. PPI 추출 성능 평가를 위해서 많이 활용되고 있는 준거 평가 컬렉션인 AIMed를 이용한 실험에서 F-스코어 기준으로 78.0%를 나타내어 현재까지 도출된 세계 최고 성능에 비해 8.3% 높은 성능을 나타내었다. 추가적으로 CNN 모델이 복잡한 언어 처리를 통한 자질 추출 작업을 하지 않고도 단백질간 상호 작용 추출에 높은 성능을 나타냄을 보였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.771-791
• /
• 2022

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) extraction from original text is important for revealing the molecular mechanism of biological processes. With the rapid growth of biomedical literature, manually extracting PPI has become more time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, the automatic PPI extraction from the raw literature through natural language processing technology has attracted the attention of the majority of researchers. We propose a PPI extraction model based on the large pre-trained language model and adversarial training. It enhances the learning of semantic and syntactic features using BioBERT pre-trained weights, which are built on large-scale domain corpora, and adversarial perturbations are applied to the embedding layer to improve the robustness of the model. Experimental results showed that the proposed model achieved the highest F1 scores (83.93% and 90.31%) on two corpora with large sample sizes, namely, AIMed and BioInfer, respectively, compared with the previous method. It also achieved comparable performance on three corpora with small sample sizes, namely, HPRD50, IEPA, and LLL.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2021

Detection of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) remains essential for the development of therapies against diseases. Experimental studies to detect PPI are longer and more expensive. Today, with the availability of PPI data, several computer models for predicting PPIs have been proposed. One of the big challenges in this task is feature extraction. The relevance of the information extracted by some extraction techniques remains limited. In this work, we first propose an extraction method based on correlation relationships between the physicochemical properties of amino acids. The proposed method uses a correlation matrix obtained from the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity properties that it then integrates in the calculation of the bigram. Then, we use the SVM algorithm to detect the presence of an interaction between 2 given proteins. Experimental results show that the proposed method obtains better performances compared to the approaches in the literature. It obtains performances of 94.75% in accuracy, 95.12% in precision and 96% in sensitivity on human HPRD protein data.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2004

In this paper we introduce PubMiner, an intelligent machine learning based text mining system for mining biological information from the literature. PubMiner employs natural language processing techniques and machine learning based data mining techniques for mining useful biological information such as protein­protein interaction from the massive literature. The system recognizes biological terms such as gene, protein, and enzymes and extracts their interactions described in the document through natural language processing. The extracted interactions are further analyzed with a set of features of each entity that were collected from the related public databases to infer more interactions from the original interactions. An inferred interaction from the interaction analysis and native interaction are provided to the user with the link of literature sources. The performance of entity and interaction extraction was tested with selected MEDLINE abstracts. The evaluation of inference proceeded using the protein interaction data of S. cerevisiae (bakers yeast) from MIPS and SGD.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.897-902
• /
• 2001

The protein back-extraction processes were discussed from the viewpoint of the micelle-micelle interaction. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) suppressing the cluster formation of reverse micelle (positive value of ${\beta}pr)$ has the high back-extra cted fraction (Eb), but cytochrome c enhancing the formation of reverse micelle (negative value of ${\beta}pr)$ has the low back-extracted fraction, relatively. We have also examined quantitatively the effects of alcohol addition and protein solubilization on the percolation process of reverse micelle. The alcohols suppressing the formation of micellar cluster (high values of ${\beta}t)$, remarkably improved the back-extraction rates of BSA and cytochrome c. The values of ${\beta}t$, defined by the variation of percolation process, and the back-extraction behavior of proteins have a good linear correlation. These results indicate that the micelle-micelle interaction or micellar clustering plays an important role in the back-extraction process of proteins.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 기존의 연구에서 시도되었던 것과는 달리, 복잡하고 추출하기가 어려운 다양한 형태의 자질 및 단서 정보가 필요 없는 합성곱 구문 트리 커널 기반의 단백질 간 상호작용 추출 기법을 소개한다. 이 기법의 특징은 단백질 이름 쌍을 포함한 상호작용 포함 후보 문장에 대한 구문 트리만을 이용하여 추출을 시도한다는 것이며 부가적인 자질이나 커널 함수가 불필요하다는 장점이 있다. 이를 기반으로 본 논문의 연구 성과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 단백질 간 상호작용 추출에 있어서 구문 트리 커널을 적용할 경우 불필요한 문맥 정보를 효과적으로 제거하는 구문 트리 가지치기 작업이 필수적임을 기존 연구 결과와의 성능 비교로써 증명한다. 둘째, 동일한 학습 조건에서 구문 트리 커널의 소멸 인자(decay factor)는 평활 인자(smoothing factor)로서 중요한 역할을 하며, 성능 변화의 핵심 요소임을 보인다. 특히 학습 집합의 규모에 따라서 소멸인자가 성능에 미치는 영향력이 상이한 패턴으로 나타남을 제시하였다. 결론적으로 기존의 최신 연구결과로서 주장한 "단일 커널보다 혼합 커널의 성능이 더 뛰어나다"라는 가설이 항상 성립하는 것은 아니라는 것을 합성곱 구문 트리 커널 단독으로 적용하여 높은 성능을 나타냄으로써 보여주었다. 동일한 조건으로 수행한 실험에서 기존의 두 연구 결과에 비해 19.8%, 14%의 성능 개선을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.1279-1287
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to present a new algorithm for extracting the consensus pattern, or motif from sequence belonging to the same family. Two methods are considered for feature interval partitioning based on equal probability and equal width interval partitioning. C2H2 zinc finger protein and epidermal growth factor protein sequences are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for motif extraction. For two protein families, the equal width interval partitioning method performs better than the equal probability interval partitioning method.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.6-21
• /
• 2014

This paper proposes a novel knowledge extraction system, TAKES (Two-step Approach for Knowledge Extraction System), which integrates advanced techniques from Information Retrieval (IR), Information Extraction (IE), and Natural Language Processing (NLP). In particular, TAKES adopts a novel keyphrase extraction-based query expansion technique to collect promising documents. It also uses a Conditional Random Field-based machine learning technique to extract important biological entities and relations. TAKES is applied to biological knowledge extraction, particularly retrieving promising documents that contain Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) and extracting PPI pairs. TAKES consists of two major components: DocSpotter, which is used to query and retrieve promising documents for extraction, and a Conditional Random Field (CRF)-based entity extraction component known as FCRF. The present paper investigated research problems addressing the issues with a knowledge extraction system and conducted a series of experiments to test our hypotheses. The findings from the experiments are as follows: First, the author verified, using three different test collections to measure the performance of our query expansion technique, that DocSpotter is robust and highly accurate when compared to Okapi BM25 and SLIPPER. Second, the author verified that our relation extraction algorithm, FCRF, is highly accurate in terms of F-Measure compared to four other competitive extraction algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Maximum Entropy, Single POS HMM, and Rapier.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.400-409
• /
• 1998

Formation of adduct was studied in benzo(a)pyrene(BP)- and doxorubicin(Dx)-treated human NC-37 cells and isolated nuclei. Major adducts formed were determined by fluorescence absorption spectrophotometery and DNA-lin-ked protein assay. When isolated nuclei were exposed to carcinogens BP and DMBA, and anticancer drugs m-AMSA, ellipticine and Dx, varying degrees of adduct formation occured between DNA-protein complex and these drugs. When the mixture was centrifuged 1.7 M sucrose solution, binding BP and DMBA appeared to be similar between the sediment and the supernatant. When the sediment was centrifuged again with 0.35% polymin-P, the amount of BP bound was 2-fold greater in the protein(1077$\pm$55cpm) than in DNA fraction (470$\pm$20cpm), whereas that of DMBA was 1.6-fold greater in the DNA than in protein fraction. In the case of m-AMSA, ellipticine and Dx, the amount of binding was slightly greater in supernatant than in sediment in centrifugation with 1.7 M sucrose, and more than 3 times greater in the DNA- than in protein- fraction in centrifugation with 0.35% polymin P. DNA fractions which associated with a subset of nonhistone chromosomal protein were isolated from NC-37 cells exposed to $^{3}$H-BP and $^{14}$C-Dx. They were separated into two distince components DNA-S and DNA-P by centrifugation with 2M Nacl chromatin extraction. The results indicated that the amount of $^{3}$H-BP bound was 6.0-fold greater in DNA-P as compared with DNA-S, while that of $^{14}$C-Dx binding appreaed to be 6.2-fold greater in DNA-S than in DNA-P fraction. When $^{3}$H-BP binding wasdetermined in the presence of cold Dx, the amount of binding was reduced only in the DNA-P fraction, indicating that the interaction between DNA and protein is decreased. Gene expression by these drugs, BP treated cells were increased to compare with nomal cells but reduced by treatment with BP-Dx. These results suggest that the protein moiety which tightly bound to DNA-P fraction may play an important role in the regulation of gene expression.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보과학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.29 No.2 (2)
• /
• pp.364-366
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 텍스트 형태로 구성된 특정 생물에 대한 문헌 데이터에서 해당 생물의 주요 단백질간의 이진(binary) 관계를 추출하여 이들을 특징별로 계층적으로 군집화 함으로써 특정 현상을 나타내는 단백질간의 주요 관계를 추출하는 방법을 제시한다. 텍스트 데이터에서 단백질간의 이진관계는 기본적인 데이터마이닝 기법을 사용하여 연관규칙(association rule)의 형태로 추출하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 실험을 위해 PUBMED에서 추출한 Yeast의 주요 단백질간의 관계를 포함하고 있는 논문 데이터인 MEDLINE Abstract와 몇몇 공개 데이터베이스를 사용하였다. 실험 결과 SH3와 같이 기존에 알려진 단백질간의 단일 관계를 추출하는 것 이외에 이러한 관계들을 이용하여 클러스터링을 행한 결과 공통 현상에 작용하는 주요 단백질간의 관계들이 서로 군집화 됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 단순 이진관계가 아닌 클러스터링을 이용한 보다 상위 단계에서 단순 규칙들 간의 관계를 살펴봄으로써 단백질간의 이진관계를 추출하기 위한 데이터로 사용한 문헌 데이터에 나타나 있지 않은 1차 이상의 관계를 고찰 해 볼 수 있었다. 논문에서는 규칙 추출의 전체 과정과 함께 사용된 추출 시스템의 각 부와 데이터에 대한 설명을 다룬다.