• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2008

Over 7 individual rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants per a line were sowed and sampled by pooled sampling method for genomic DNA extraction. The 5,400 flanking sequence tags (FSTs) were analysed by adaptor PCR and direct sequencing. FST analysis showed that the intragenic FSTs, the intergenic FSTs, and the original insertional sequences including hot spot covered 48.1% (2,597), 25.6% (1,383), and 25% (1,350), respectively. The 2,597 intragenic FSTs were used for genotyping to determine whether they are heterozygous or homozygous, and 1,393 core lines were selected. Among them, 422 knockout genes were distributed on chromosome 3, while 56 - 157 intragenic FSTs scattered on other chromosomes. Among 1,393 FSTs, known genes such as transcription factor covered 59.4% (827), while unknown genes such as expressed protein covered 40.6% (566). RT-PCR indicated that some core lines had no expression or decreased expression level in their knockout genes. It means that core lines are very useful knockout lines for functional genomic studies.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1294-1298
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• 2010

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most virulent viral agents threatening the penaeid shrimp culture industry. This study was carried out to evaluate the susceptibility of the sand shrimp, Crangon affinis, to WSSV as an alternative experimental model. WSSV caused 100% mortality in C. affinis within 7 days after experimental infection by immersion. Based on challenge studies, it was confirmed that C. affinis could be a potential host in WSSV transmission. Also, the neutralization of WSSV was carried out using an antiserum raised against recombinant envelop protein rVP466 to evaluate the WSSV infection mechanism. A constant amount of WSSV (at $1{\times}10^4$ diluted stocks) was incubated with various amounts of antiserum and then mixed to 20 l reservoir for the immersion challenge of C. affinis for neutralization. At 5 days post challenge, the shrimp in the positive control immersed in the immersion reservoir containing WSSV stock showed 100% mortality. The shrimps challenged with the 3 different mixtures of WSSV and rVP466 antiserum (1:0.1, 1:0.5 and 1:1) showed 100%, 68.8% and 68.8% mortality at 14 days post challenge, respectively. These results indicated that the antiserum raised against rVP466 could block WSSV infection in C. affinis. Therefore, this study confirmed that C. affinis can be naturally infected by WSSV as another potential host and that C. affinis can be used as an alternative experimental animal instead of penaeid shrimps.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.422-431
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• 2019

Severe droughts in spring have occurred frequently in Korea in recent years, exerting a critical impact on corn yield. Therefore, it is necessary to find physiological and/or molecular indicators of the response to drought stress in maize plants. In this study, we investigated the effects of water-deficit stress on two Korean elite F₁ maize hybrids, Ilmichal and Gwangpyeongok, by withholding water for 10 days at tassel initiation. The water deficit drastically reduced the relative leaf water content, leaf number, leaf area, and stem length, leading to dry matter reduction. Moreover, it reduced the SPAD values and stomatal conductance of leaves in drought-stressed plants of both hybrids. Importantly, the number of leaves and SPAD value were non-destructive and easy to investigate in response to water-deficit stress, suggesting that they may be useful indicators for screening drought-tolerant genetic resources. We detected more than 100 spots that were differentially accumulated under drought stress. Of these spots, a total of 21 protein spots (≥1.5-fold) from drought-exposed maize leaves were successfully analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Functional annotation using Gene Ontology analysis revealed that most of the identified proteins were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress response fatty acid catabolism, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and transport. The protein expression levels were increased in both Ilmichal and Gwangpyeongok, except for triosephosphate isomerase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and an uncharacterized protein. The lactoylglutathione lyase delta (3,5)-delta (2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase was overexpressed in Gwangpyeongok only. The results obtained from this study suggest that the drought-specific genes may be useful as molecular markers for screening drought-tolerant maize genotypes.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2009

Purpose : FSGS do not respond well to any kind of therapy and gradually progress to end-stage renal disease. This study was conducted to investigate the difference of protein expression between MCNS and FSGS as a preliminary study for understanding the pathophysiology of FSGS. Methods : Renal biopsy samples of MCNS and FSGS were obtained, which was diagnosed by one pathologist. They were solubilized with a conventional extraction buffer for protein extraction. The solution was applied on immobilized linear gradient strip gel (pH 4-7) using IPGphor system. Silver staining was carried out according to standard method. Protein identification was done by searching NCBI database using MASCOT Peptide Mass Fingerprint software. Results : The differences in protein expressions between MCNS and FSGS were shown by increased or decreased protein spots. Most prominently expressed spot among several spots in FSGS was isolated and analyzed, one of which was glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1-1, whereas it was not found in MCNS. So GSTP1-1 was considered as the one of the key biomarkers in pathogenesis of FSGS. Conclusion : This result would be helpful in diagnosing FSGS and researching FSGS. Further studies for glutathione S-transferase P1-1 might be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms regarding FSGS.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.133-160
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• 2006

Objectives : Scolopendrae Corpus has a broad array of clinical applications in Korean medicine, including treatment of inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. To explore the global gene expression profiles in human Raw cell lines treated with Scolopendrae Corpus herbal-acupuncture solution (SCHAS), cDNA microarray analysis was performed. Methods : The Raw 264.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), SCHAS, or both. The primary data was normalized by the total spots of intensity between two groups, and then normalized by the intensity ratio of reference genes such as housekeeping genes in both groups. The expression ratio was converted to log2 ratio. Normalized spot intensities were calculated into gene expression ratios between the control and treatment groups. Greater than 2 fold changes between two groups were considered to be of significance. Results : Of the 8 K genes profiled in this study, with a cut-off level of two-fold change in the expression, 20 genes (BCL2-related protein A1, MARCKS-like 1, etc.) were upregulated and 5 genes (activated RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor 4, calcium binding atopy-related autoantigen 1, etc.) downregulated following LPS treatment. 139 genes (kell blood group precursor (McLeod phenotype), ribosomal protein S7, etc.) were upregulated and 42 genes (anterior gradient 2 homolog (xenopus laevis), phosphodiesterase 8B, etc.) were downregulated following SCHAS treatment. And 10 genes (yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae intergeneic sequence 4-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, etc.) were upregulated and 8 genes (spermatid perinuclear RNA binding protein, nuclear receptor binding protein 2, etc.) were downregulated following co-stimulation of SCHAS and LPS. Discussions : It is thought that microarrays will play an ever-growing role in the advance of our understanding of the pharmacological actions of SCHAS in the treatment of arthritis. But further studies are required to concretely prove the effectiveness of SCHAS.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.298-306
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify Radiosensitivity of proteins in tissues with different radiosensitivity. Materials and Methods: C3H/HeJ mice were exposed to 10 Gy. The mice were sacrifiud 8 hrs after radiation. Their spleen and liver tissues were collected and analyzed histologicaly for apoptosis. The expressions of radiosusceptibillty protein were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Resilts: The Peak of apoptosis levels were $35.3{\pm}1.7{\%}$ in spleen and $0.6{\pm}0.2{\%}$ in liver at 8 hrs after radiation. Liver, radioresistant tissues, showed that the levels of ROS metabolism related to proteins such as cytochromm c, glutathione S transferase, NADH dehydrogenase, riken cDNA and peroxiredoxin Vl increased after radiation. The expression of cytochrome c increased significantly in spleen and liver tissues after radiation. In spleen, radiosensitivity tissue, the identified proteins showed a significantly quantitative alteration following radiation. It was categorized as signal transduction, apoptosis, cytokine, Ca signal related protein, stress-related protein, cytoskeletal regulation, ROS metabolism, and others. Conclusion: Differences of radiation-induced apoptosis by tissues specifted were coupled with the induction of related radiosensitivity and radioresistant proteins. The result suggests that apoptosis relate protein and redox proteins play important roles in this radiosusceptibility.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1649-1653
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• 2007

High temperature stresses have caused growth inhibition and delayed heading in highland cultivation Chinese cabbage during summer in Korea. We have studied high temperature stress responses in the terms of changes of inorganic components and proteins by proteomic analyses. Insufficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus have affected growth rate and calcium deficiency has caused blunted heading. Proteins extracted from Brassica seedling grown at the altitude of 600m and 900m in the Mount Jilun were extracted and analysed by 2-dimentional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Profiles of protein expression was then analyzed by 2-dimentional gel analyses. Protein spots showing different expression level were picked using the spot handling workstation and subjected to MALDI-TOF MS. Total 48 protein spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and 30 proteins spots out of 48 were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting analyses. Fourteen proteins were up-regulated in extracts from the altitude of 900m and they were identified as oxygen-evolving proteins, rubisco activase and ATPase etc. Sixteen proteins were up-regulated in extracts from the altitude of 600m and they were identified as glutathione S-transferase(1, 28kD cold induced- and 24 kD auxin-binding proteins) and salt-stress induced protein etc. These stress-induced proteins were related to the mediated protective mechanism against oxidative damage during various stresses. The results indicated that physiological phenomenon in response to high temperature stresses might be resulted by complex and multiple array of responses with drought, heat, oxidative, salt, and cold by high temperature.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of measurement of ${\beta}_2$ microglobulin (${\beta}_2$ MG), N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) of spot urine samples as indices of renal tubular damage and microalbumin of spot urine samples as a parameter of glomerular damage in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) or renal defects. Methods : We studied 91 children with previous UTI. The children were classified as 62 children without VUR and renal defects (group I), 10 children with VUR, without renal defects (group II), and 19 children with VUR and renal defects (group III). Patients having VUR were separated according to the degree of VUR (mild VUR: VUR grade I-III, severe VUR: VUR grade IV-V). Urinary excretion of ${\beta}_$ microglobulin (${\beta}_2$ MG), microalbumin, N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), creatinine were measured in samples of morning urine specimens. Children with VUR or renal defects detected by voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and DMSA renal scan were investigated. Results : Microalbumin/Cr ratio of spot urine was significantly increased in group III compared group I ($42.3{\pm}27.2\;mg/gCr$ vs $25.2{\pm}10.9\;mg/gCr$, P<0.05). NAG/Cr ratio of spot urine was significantly increased in group II compared group I ($3.70{\pm}23.4\;mg/gCr$ vs $18.7{\pm}12.7\;mg/gCr$, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference of ${\beta}_2$ MG/Cr ratio among three groups. Conclusion : Urinary microalbumin excretion of morning urine sample may be a simple and reliable clinical indicators for early identification of renal damage in children with VUR and renal defects. Urinary microalbumin excretion may be useful marker to predict the the severity of VUR.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

In August 2020, necrotic ringspots on leaves were observed on 20 from 143 Plantago asiatica plants in open fields in Eumseong, Chungcheongbuk-do. Eight symptomatic Plantago asiatica plants were subjected to investigation on viral infection by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Impatiens necrotic spot virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and cucumber mosaic virus were detected from the symptomatic plants. Two impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) isolates ('INSV-plantain kr1' and '-plantain kr5') were sequenced and analyzed by comparing L genomic segment, nucleoprotein (N) gene and non-structural protein S (NSs) gene sequences. The nucleotide sequence of 'INSV-plantain kr1' isolate (MW114834) was most closely related to that of a 'Phalaenopsis' isolate (GQ336991) from China in the L genomic segment. 'INSV-plantain kr1' and '-plantain kr5' isolates shared the highest identities with those from 'Pepe' isolate (LC384872) and 'J' isolate (AB109100) in the NSs gene, respectively, and with that from 'YSMi-SH' isolate (FN400773) in the N gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on L genomic segment grouped the INSV-plantain kr1 isolate together with isolates from Korea (LC384870), China (GU112505, GQ336991), and Italy (DQ425094). This is the first report on INSV in P. asiatica from Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.337-350
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• 1989

In this study, we compared patterns of hemolvmph with ovarian proteins during the yolk formation of Gewis paludum by using SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and he dimen-tlonal electrophoresis. In addition, we examined patterns of glycoprotein which were composed of yolk substances. The results were as follows: The protein patterns in ovary of the 5th instar without eggs were similar to those of adult after ovulation. Protein amounts of the ovaw without developing eggs were less than those of the ovaw containing oocvtes or matured eggs at the molecular weights range from 66, 000 to 110.000 daltons. No glvcoproteins were observed in ovaw without eggs. But the glvcoproteins were gradually increased according to development of eggs in the 5th instar. After the ovulated ovaw of adult, no glvcoprotein bands urere occurred as the bands of the ovary without eggs in the 5th instar. Also, amounts of hemolvmph protein between 66, 000 and 110, 000 in molecular weight were increased during yolk formation of the 5th instal. The results suggest that ovarian protein substances may originate from hemolpnph. In the 5th instar, the amounts of glycoprotein of developing eggs was gradually increased in the hemolymph. The band of M.W. 29, 500 was occurred in the hemolpnph of the 5th instar and adult without eggs. This protein mal be precursor of glvcoprotein in the high molecular weight area in the ovary of more developed eggs. The number of spots and the amounts of protein in ovary without eggs were less than those of ovary containing eggs by two dimensional elec-trophoresis. The protein bands between 45, 000 and 110, 000 almost appeared in acidic field of he dimensional gel. Especially, the band, M.W. 109, 000, uras separated 3 spots, a1, a2, and as. The band, M.W. 102, 000, has spots which designated b1, b2, b3, and b4. Besides, proteins below M.W. 24, 000 were occurred less spots in the basic field than those of acidic field. The mechanism of intracellular organs (= cell organells) uras related to the yolk protein synthesis of oocyte in the process of yolk protein formation of derris pcfudum.