• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.589-601
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• 2023

Purpose: Baicalein, a natural flavone found in herbs, exhibits diverse biological activities. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an irreversible condition often associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of baicalein on the development of NASH in mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups. Three groups were fed a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce NASH and were simultaneously treated with baicalein (at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg) or vehicle only (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) through oral gavage for 4 weeks. The control group was fed a methionine-choline-sufficient (MCS) diet without the administration of baicalein. Results: The baicalein treatment significantly reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, suggestive of reduced liver damage. Histological analysis revealed a marked decrease in nonalcoholic fatty liver activity scores induced by the MCD diet in the mice. Similarly, baicalein treatment at both doses significantly attenuated the degree of hepatic fibrosis, as examined by Sirius red staining, and hepatocellular death, as examined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Baicalein treatment attenuated MCD-diet-induced lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by lower levels of hepatic malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, demonstrating a reduction in oxidative stress resulting from lipid peroxidation. Moreover, baicalein treatment suppressed hepatic protein levels of 12-lipoxygenase (12-Lox) induced by the MCD diet. In contrast, baicalein enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, baicalein treatment significantly reduced hepatic non-heme iron concentrations and hepatic ferritin protein levels in mice fed an MCD diet. Conclusion: To summarize, baicalein treatment suppresses hepatic lipid peroxidation, 12-Lox expression, and iron accumulation, all of which are associated with the attenuation of NASH progression.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2016

Dietary proteins influence colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, depending on their quantity and quality. Here, using pyrosequencing, we compared the fecal microbiota composition in Balb/c mice fed either a normal protein/carbohydrate diet (ND, 20% casein and 68% carbohydrate) or a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet (HPLCD, 30% casein and 57% carbohydrate). The results showed that HPLCD feeding for 2 weeks reduced the diversity and altered the composition of the microbiota compared with the ND mice, which included a decrease in the proportion of the family Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and increases in the proportions of the genus Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, especially the species EF09600_s and EF604598_s. Similar changes were reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and in mouse models of CRC and colitis, respectively. This suggests that HPLCD may lead to a deleterious luminal environment and may have adverse effects on the intestinal health of individuals consuming such a diet.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1993

식이 단백질과 칼슘의 수준이 납중독된 흰쥐의 체내무기질 함량에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위해, 흰쥐에게 납 2,000ppm을 함유한 식수를 제한없이 주면서, 식이 단백질과 칼슘 수준을 각각 3수준, 사육 기간을 3주와 7주로한, 3$\times$3$\times$2 요인 실험으로 설계하고 대조군을 별도로 설정하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 혈청, 간 및 대퇴골의 칼슘 함량은 납 급여시 감소하였고, 혈청과 대퇴골에서는 식이 단백과 칼슘 함량이 낮을수록 감소를 나타냈으나, 간은 식이 종류에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 신장의 칼슘 함량은 납 급여나 식이 종류에 따른 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈청 철 함량은 칼슘 섭취량이 많으면, 납 급여의 영향을 받지 않았지만, 간의 철 함량은 칼슘이 충분한 고단백 식이를 섭취한 경우만 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈청 구리 함량은 납 급여시 감소하였고, 식이 단백과 칼슘 함량이 적을수록 감소하였다. 간의 구리 함량은 고칼슘군은 납 급여의 영향을 받지 않았으나, 나머지군들은 감소하였다. 혈청 아연 함량은 저단백-저칼슘군에서만 납 급여의 영향을 받아 감소하였고, 간의 아연 함량은 납 급여나 식이 단백 및 칼슘의 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈청 마그네슘 함량은 식이 단백과 칼슘이 동시에 부족할 때, 납 급여의 영향을 받아 감소하였다. 간의 마그네슘 함량은 납 급여시 감소하였고, 식이 단백 함량이 낮을수록 감소하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.239-243
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• 1996

Three hundred and twenty-four 1 day old chicks were used to determine the effects of fat source and energy to protein ratio on growth performance , carcass composition and the efficiency on nutrient utilization. Chicks were assigned. in a completely randomized design, to 3*3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Chicks received one of three fat sources (n0 fat, tallow, corn oil) and one of three energy to protein ratios(16, 14 and 12kcal ME/g CP). All diets were formulated to be isocaloric(3.2Mcal ME/kg diets) using published ME values for the diet ingredients. Addition of tat to the diet increased ADG, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased percentage body DM and ether extract(EE), but percentage CP was not different, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased efficiency of protein and energy deposition. Addition of fat ad either fallow or corn oil yielded similar results. Reducing the energy to protein ratio of the diet did not affect ADG or gain to feed, but tended to decrease average daily feed intake(p=0.80), as well as resulting in linear(p<0.05) reductions in body percentage DM., EE and also total EE. Increasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect percentage or total body Cp. Adding fat to poultry diets improved growth performance and the efficiency of growth chicks. Decreasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect growth performance, but reduced EE in the body of Chicks.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1989

정상백서를 부신절제한 후 각각의 부신호르몬을 투여하여, 고탄수화물, 고지방, 고단백질식이가 부신절제 백서의 대사에 미치는 영향에 대해 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 혈당과 뇨당의 변화 혈당은 부신절제로 인하여 감소하였다. 부신절제된 백서는 고탄수화물식이를 했을 경우 혈당이 가장 높았고, corticosterone을 투여하면 고지방, 고단백 식이를 했을 경우 혈당이 유의적으로 증가하였다 (p<0.05). aldosterone을 투여하면 고지방식이를 했을 경우 유의적으로 감소하였으나 다른 식이의 경우는 큰 변화가 없었다. 2) 인슐린과 c-peptide의 변화 인슐린 농도는 corticosterone을 투여하면 고탄수 화물식이와 고단백식이를 했을 경우 대조군보다 낮았으나 유의성은 보이지 않았다. c-peptide농도 역시 corticosterone을 투여하면 감소하였고, aldosterone 투여는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 3) 총콜레스테롤과 중성지발 함량 총콜레스테롤 함량은 부신절제로 인하여 감소하였다. 중성지방 함량은 corticosterone을 투여하면, 고지방, 고단백식이를 했을 경우 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 4) 체무게와 식이섭취량 체무게와 식이섭취량은 부신절제로 인하여 감소 하였으나, 고지방식이를 했을 경우는 부신젤제효과가 작았다. corticoxterone을 투여하면 체무게와 식이섭취량이 증가하며, aldosterone은 영향을 미치지 못했다. 식이효율은 aldosterone과 corticoxterone의 투여가 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 5) 장기무게 Corticoxterone의 투여로 간의 무게가 식이에 상관없이 증가하였다. 그외의 콩팥, 비장, 고환의 무게는 큰 변화가 없었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 1994

Three dietary ME levels of 3,200, 2,900 and 2,600 kcal /kg in the same 13% single-stage low protein diet were compared to evaluate the effect of ME levels of grower diets on egg-type pullet growth and subsequent laying performance. As the ME levels of grower diets decreased, cumulative feed and protein consumptions increased(P<0.05), however, the ME intake and body weight at 18 wk of age decreased(P<0.05). Grower feed cost decreased as the dietary ME level was decreased, but no significant difference was found among dietary ME levels of grower diets. During the laying period, sexual maturity, hen-day egg production and average egg weight were not significantly affected by the ME levels of grower diet, however, daily feed intake and feed required per egg decreased as the dietary ME level of grower diet was reduced(P<0.05). Results of this study indicate that pullets can be reared on the low ME diet of 2,600 kcal /kg and it would he economical to utilize the low energy diet during the growing period when they are reared on a 13% single-stage low protein diet.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.245-248
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate effect of changes in target fat and protein contents in milk on feed cost using a simulation modeling approach based on the 2001 dairy NRC. Two simulations were done; simulation I had a limitation (up to 20%), but simulation II had no limitation for the use of cottonseed hull in a diet. Using commonly used feed ingredients in Korea, we formulated least cost diets that meet nutrient requirement of a lactating dairy cow producing 36 kg of milk with combinations of 0.1% decrease or 0.1% increase in target milk fat or protein, respectively, from the national average milk fat (4.0%) and milk protein (3.1%). The contents of alfalfa and corn in a least-cost diet were decreased and those of tall fescue, whole cottonseed and rapeseed meal were increased with decreasing fat and/or increasing protein in milk. Scenarios that decreased target milk fat percentage from 4.0% to 3.9% reduced feed cost by 2 won per kg. Due to decrease in feed intake, daily feed cost was even more reduced (136 won per head) by decreasing target milk fat percentage. Increase in target milk protein percentage from 3.1% to 3.2% reduced feed cost by 6 won per kg. Among scenarios simulated, the least feed cost was obtained in scenario aimed for 3.9% fat and 3.2% of protein in milk. We conclude that a feeding practice for increasing milk protein percentage does not directly increase feed cost. In addition, feeding practices that increase protein content in milk is expected to improve economic life-span and reproductive performance of dairy cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.403-409
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• 1995

A growth experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritivie values of supplemental lysine and methionine in broiler chicks. Two types of L-lysine, liquid and powder type, and DL-methionine were added to the diets at different levels of dietary protein with two growth phases, 0-3 weeks and 4-6 weeks named starter and grower, respectively. Six hundred seventy two chicks were allotted in 14 treatments; 3 controls by dietary CP level (starter-grower) with CP 23-21%, CP 21-19% and CP 20-18, 8 groups of liquid and powder lysine supplementation of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%, and 3 groups of lysine and methionine supplementation. Body weight, feed intake, and excreta were measured and analyzed to determine growth performance, amino acid digestibilities, and the quantity of excreted nitrogen in feces. Chicks fed CP 23-20 with 3,200 ME kcal showed significantly better growth performance than those fed CP 21-18 for 6 weeks. The supplementation of 0.2% of either type of lysine to CP 21-19 diet improved weight gain and feed efficiecy to the extent that CP 23-21 diet was fed. Physical type of lysine did not affect chick's growth and amino acid digestibilities of the diets. The level of CP in the diet significantly affected nitrogen excretion in feces. Supplementation of lysine and methionine to CP 21-18 diet reduced fecal nitrogen by 10% compared to CP 23-21 diet. It was confirmed that 0.2% of supplemental lysine to the broiler diet spared the dietary protein by 3%, and also reduced nitrogen excretion in feces by 10%.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2022

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of reduced dietary crude protein (CP) with a synthetic indispensable amino acids (AA) supplement on the growth performance, economics, and breast meat quality. A total of 450 male broilers (Ross 308) were used from the age of 7 to 28 days. On d 7, the birds were individually weighed and randomly assigned to three treatment diets with six replicate pens for each treatment in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets were: (1) a control diet, (2) a diet with a reduction of 1% of the dietary CP with synthetic AA supplements to meet the indispensable AA requirement (OAA) of broiler chickens, and (3) a diet with a reduction of 1% of the dietary CP with synthetic Lys, Met, and Thr supplementation to exceed 5% of the indispensable AA requirement (HAA). There were no differences among the treatments on the final body weight, weight gain, and feed intake. However, the HAA diet impaired the feed conversion ratio at d 21 and during the overall feeding periods (P<0.05). The predicted total feed intake and feed price required to reached 1.5 kg BW was higher than for the birds fed the HAA diet (P<0.05). The breast meat muscle fiber cross sectional area and fiber density varied between the treatments (P<0.05). However, there were no differences in breast meat weight. In conclusion, reducing 1% of dietary CP had no adverse effects on the growth performance or breast meat yields.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.393-402
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• 1995

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive values of supplemental L-lysine, liquid and powder type, and DL-methionine in weanling pigs. For feeding trial, 165 weanling pigs were treated in 2 controls; 18 and 16% CP, 6 supplementations of lysine alone to 16% CP diets; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% of liquid and powder type each, and 3 supplementations of lysine + methionine to 15% CP diets; 0.05 + 0.025, 0.1 + 0.05 and 0.2 + 0.1%. Pigs were fed for 5 week to investigate the protein sparing effect of supplemental amino acid, and the optimal supplemental level. A metabolic trial included the measurements of digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, energy, phosphorus and amino acids. The liver acinar cell culture was conducted for the protein synthesis activity of the pigs fed each experimental diet. Supplementation of both type of L-lysine in 16% CP diet showed improved daily weight gain and feed efficiency which were compatible with those of pigs fed 18% CP diet. Groups fed liquid lysine did not differ from those fed powder type in growth performance. Supplementation of lysine and methionine to 15% CP diet did not improve growth performance of pigs to the extent that 18% CP diet was fed. In nutrient digestibility, 16% CP control diet showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower crude protein digestibility than any other treatments. Digestibilities of 16% CP diets with lysine supplementation were equal to that of 18% CP control, while digestibilities of 15% CP diets with the supplementation of lysine + methionine was inferior to that of 18% CP control. Supplementation of lysine alone reduced the nitrogen excretion compared to the none supplemented control groups. However, addition of lysine + methionine excreted more nitrogen than controls. Pigs fed diet supplemented with lysine alone, or lysine + methionine excreted less fecal phosphorus than those fed none supplemetation. Retained protein from liver tissue of pigs fed 18% diet was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than those fed 16% CP diet. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in physical type of lysine. Feeding of powder type showed less secreted protein and greater retained protein in the culture of liver acinar cell. It is concluded that supplementation of lysine at the level of 0.1 to 0.2% can spare 2% of dietary protein and reduce nitrogen excretion by 19.3%. Also, no difference in nutritional values was observed between liquid and powder lysine in weanling pigs.