• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.711-715
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• 2012

A laminate-composite film was developed using industry co-products of defatted mustard meal (DMM) and whey protein isolate (WPI). An individually prepared DMM-based film (DMM film) and a WPI-based film (WPI film) were thermally laminated at $130^{\circ}C$ at a rate of 30 cm/min. Microscopic images exhibited that the DMM film and the WPI film were continuously attached in the laminate without void spaces. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and water vapor permeability for the laminate were 0.7MPa, 4.0%, and $6.9g{\cdot}mm/kPa/h/m^2$, respectively. Stretchability and heat seal strength of the laminate were higher than those of the un-laminated DMM film. The film layers of the laminate were physically overlapped, not forming new biopolymer units induced by molecular interactions. The opportunity for DMM films to be used as food packaging materials for wrapping and sealing could be increased by thermal lamination with WPI films, which improves the stretchability and heat sealability of DMM films.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1274-1280
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• 2012

Defatted grape seed meal protein (DGP) was extracted, and DGP films containing various plasticizers were prepared. To improve the mechanical properties of DGP film, nanoclay or gelatin was incorporated in the film-forming solution to manufacture DGP composite films. Among the plasticizers of fructose (FRU), sucrose (SUC), and polypropylene glycol (PPG), DGP film containing a SUC : PPG ratio of 2.5:0.5 exhibited the best film-forming ability. Addition of Cloisite $Na^+$ improved the mechanical properties of DGP film. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E) of the film containing 5% Cloisite $Na^+$ were 1.45 MPa and 71.97%, respectively. Regarding the DGP/gelatin composite films, TS and water vapor permeability (WVP) increased with increasing gelatin amount, whereas E decreased. In particular, the DGP/gelatin (2:2) composite film exhibited 20.95 MPa TS and 12.25% E. These results suggest that the DGP film prepared from defatted grape seed meal can be used as a food packaging material.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.219-229
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• 2023

Consumer demand for products with health benefits and natural ingredients is significant for the expansion of functional foods. Edible films and coatings are an excellent way to diversify the market for functional foods and as substitutes for the prevailing packaging and products. Incorporation of whey protein (WP) and its active ingredients into edible films and coatings is a promising technique that can be applied to various food products. Numerous combinations can be used on an industrial scale depending on the purpose, product, nature of the film, type of active ingredient, and type of inclusions. In this review, we describe several characteristics of edible WP films and coatings used as novel packaging materials. WP-based packaging can play a beneficial role in sustainability because of the option of recycling materials rather than incinerating, as in synthetic laminates, because of the use of natural byproducts from the food industry as raw materials. However, cost-effectiveness is a driving force against industrial setbacks in current and future WP processing developments. The industrial application of this new technology depends on further scientific research aimed at identifying the mechanism of film formation to improve the performance of both the process and product. Furthermore, research such as consumer studies and long-term toxicity assessments are required to obtain significant market shares.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Environmental evaluation of two different oxygen high barrier films were performed using life cycle assessment. One of the films (traditional film) was composed of aluminum oxide coated PET film, ink, LDPE and LLDPE. Another film (new film) was consists of PET, ink, protein based coating material, LDPE, LLDPE. Main layer to achieve the high oxygen barrier for traditional film was aluminum oxide coated PET film, whereas the protein based coating material act as oxygen barrier layer for new film. Functional unit of this study was 1000 pouches made of traditional and new film. System boundary was factory to gate. The results of this study revealed that the new film shows better environmental performance for most of impact indicator than traditional film, except marine eutrophication and fine particulate matter formation due to extra coating process in new film system.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2005

Silk fibroin (SF) films were prepared using various plasticizers and their physical properties were determined. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-SF and polypropylene glycol (PPG)-SF films had tensile strengths (TS) of 23.71 MPa and 24.51 MPa, respectively, whereas the glycerol (G)-SF film had the lowest TS of 14.24 MPa. G-SF film had the highest $\%$ elongation, compared to PPG-SF and PEG-SF films. Water vapor permeability (WVP) of SF films varied with addition of plasticizers, and PEG-SF film had the lowest WVP. There was no significant difference in Hunter L value among treatments, but PEG-SF film had higher Hunter a and b values. These results suggest that SF film could be applied to food packaging and that the addition of plasticizers should improve the physical properties of SF film.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.635-645
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• 2017

In this study, effect of transglutaminase (TGase) addition on physical, water barrier, optical and mechanical properties of mechanically deboned chicken meat protein (MDCM-P) films was investigated. When TGase was added to the films, the thickness increased, but the solubility decreased. Films treated with TGase exhibited higher water vapor permeability than control film (p<0.05). When TGase concentration increased, the $L^*$ values of films decreased, but $a^*$ and $b^*$ values increased. All films showed very good barrier properties against UV light. The highest tensile strength was obtained in MDCM-P films containing 3% TGase (p<0.05). The elongation at break values increased with the TGase concentration increasing from 1 to 3%, but decreased at higher enzyme concentration (p<0.05). The addition of TGase altered molecular organization and intermolecular interaction in the film matrix. TGase treated films showed smoother and ordered surface structure and homogeneous and compact microstructure. The results indicated that TGase use can be an effective approach in improving the solubility and mechanical properties of MDCM-P films.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2003

To elucidate the effect of gamma-irradiation on the physicochemical properties of zein films, the molecular and mechanical properties of the films were examined after irradiation at various irradiation doses. Gamma-irradiation of zein solutions caused the disruption of the ordered structure of the zein molecules, as well as degradation, cross-linking, and aggregation of the polypeptide chains based on an SDS-PAGE study. Gamma-irradiation increased the solubility of zein and decreased the viscosity due to cleavage of the polypeptide chains. Protein solubility of the zein films in urea/2-mercaptoethanol also increased with increasing irradiation doses. Alterations of the zein molecules by irradiation decreased water vapor per-meability by 12% and increased the elongation of zein films. However, mean tensile strength of the zein films was decreased by gamma-irradiation treatment. Measurement of Hunter color values indicated that irradiation caused a destructive effect on yellow pigments, resulting in a significant decrease in Hunter b values. The microstructure as observed by scanning electron microscopy showed that irradiated zein film had a smoother and glossier surface than the non-irradiated films.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2003

Color value, total color difference $({\triangle}E)$, puncture strength (PS), tensile strength (TS), percent elongation(%E) at break values, and water vapor permeability (WVP) were determined for water-soluble chitosan films added with soy protein isolate (SPI) and $CaCl_2$. Mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of the chitosan films were affected by SPI and $CaCl_2$ concentrations. PS value $(174.5-448.8\;g_f)$ of the chitosan films increased with increasing concentration of $CaCl_2$ TS value of 0.05% $CaCl_2$-added chitosan films significantly increased to 1.58 MPa compared to 0.06 MPa of the control. %E values ranged from 12.25 to 44.80% and increased with increasing concentration of $CaCl_2$. WVP of $CaCl_2$-added films was lower than that of SPI-added films.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2015

Corn fiber protein (CFP) was extracted from corn wet-milling by-product, corn fiber. CFP films containing various plasticizers and cross-linking agents were prepared and their mechanical properties were determined. Among the plasticizers and cross-linking agents used in this study, the CFP film containing 2 g fructose and 0.03% cinnamaldehyde had the most appropriate physical property. In addition, the CFP films containing green tea extract (GTE) were prepared by incorporating different amounts (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%) of GTE into the film-forming solution. Tensile strength, film solubility, and opacity of the CFP films increased with the addition of GTE, whereas elongation and water vapor permeability of the CFP/GTE films decreased compared to those of the control. The antioxidant activity of the CFP/GTE film was determined in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. As a result, antioxidant activity of the films increased with increasing GTE concentration. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus increased with increasing GTE concentration. These results indicate that the incorporation of GTE could enhance antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the CFP films.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2005