• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2008

이더넷은 사설 근거리 통신망에서 매우 성공한 기술로써, 이더넷을 공중망에도 적용하면 프로토콜 변환 등으로 인한 네트워크 오버헤드가 줄어든다는 장점이 있다. 그렇지만 공중망에서는 종단간 끊임없는 연결을 제공하기 위하여 장애가 발생하는 경우에 50msec 이내에 망을 구하는 것이 필수적이다. 이를 위하여 ITU-T에서는 APS(automatic protection switching) 기반의 이더넷 망 보호 교환 시스템을 표준화하였다. 이 논문에서는 망에 장애를 복구하는 경우에 발생할 수 있는 프레임 손실을 최소화하기 위한 향상된 이더넷 망 보호 교환 메커니즘을 제안한다. 제안된 메커니즘의 성능은 ns-2 기반의 모의실험을 이용하여 분석되었으며, 제안 메커니즘이 기존 방법보다 우수한 성능을 제공하는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권1B호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2004

OBS (Optical Burst Switching) 네트워크에 관한 연구가 최근 활발히 진행되고 있으나 OBS 네트워크 운용에 필수적인 OAM (Operation md Maintenance)에 대한 연구는 아직 다루어지고 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 다섯가지 OBS 기능들, 즉 BT (Burst Termination), BTX (Burst Transmission), BSW (Burst Switching), RSC(Routing and Switching Control), 그리고 PAR (Protection and Restoration)을 정의하였고, 이 기능적 모델에 근거하여 네트워크 운용 요구 조건들을 만족시키기 위한 OAM 아키텍처를 설계하였다. 또한, OAM 수행에 필요한 OAM 동작들의 정의와 OAM이 가능한 ingress 에지, 코어, egress 에지 노드들의 구조, 그리고 OAM 정보 및 통신 모델과 프로토콜 등과 같은 OAM 구현을 위한 기본 체제를 제안하였다. 그리고, 제안된 OAM 아키텍처를 이용하여 OBS 네트워크에서 발생 가능한 여러 가지 장애들에 대한 OAM을 정리하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2023

Background: When bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) are used as switches, their switching characteristics can be deteriorated because the recombination time of the minority carriers is long during turn-off transient. When BJTs operate as low frequency switches, the power dissipation in the on-state is large. However, when BJTs operate as high frequency switches, the power dissipation during switching transients increases rapidly. Materials and Methods: When silicon (Si) BJTs are irradiated by fast neutrons, defects occur in the Si bulk, shortening the lifetime of the minority carriers. Fast neutron irradiation mainly creates displacement damage in the Si bulk rather than a total ionization dose effect. Defects caused by fast neutron irradiation shorten the lifetime of minority carriers of BJTs. Furthermore, these defects change the switching characteristics of BJTs. Results and Discussion: In this study, experimental results on the switching characteristics of a pnp Si BJT before and after fast neutron irradiation are presented. The results show that the switching characteristics are improved by fast neutron irradiation, but power dissipation in the on-state is large when the fast neutrons are irradiated excessively. Conclusion: The switching characteristics of a pnp Si BJT were improved by fast neutron irradiation.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.18-29
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• 2016

In this paper, we discuss the issues of providing protection for point-to-multipoint connections in both Ethernet and MPLS-TP-based packet transport networks. We introduce two types of per-leaf protection-linear and ring. Neither of the two types requires that modifications to existing standards be made. Their performances can be improved by a collective signal fail mechanism proposed in this paper. In addition, two schemes - tree protection and hybrid protection - are newly proposed to reduce the service recovery time when a single failure leads to multiple signal fail events, which in turn places a significant amount of processing burden upon a root node. The behavior of the tree protection protocol is designed with minimal modifications to existing standards. The hybrid protection scheme is devised to maximize the benefits of per-leaf protection and tree protection. To observe how well each scheme achieves an efficient traffic recovery, we evaluate their performances using a test bed as well as computer simulation based on the formulae found in this paper.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.874-876
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• 2008

Ethernet ring protection is a new technology introduced in ITU-T Recommendation G.8032, which utilizes the generic Ethernet MAC functions. We introduce an alternative enhanced protection switching scheme to suppress penalty in the switching transient, in which the Ethernet MAC filtering database (FDB) is actively and directly modified by information disseminated from the nodes adjacent to failure. The modified FDB at all nodes are guaranteed to be consistent to form a complete new ring network topology immediately. This scheme can reduce the capacity requirement of the G.8032 by several times. This proposed scheme can be also applied in IP protection rings.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2018년도 전력전자학술대회
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• pp.332-333
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• 2018

This paper presents an advanced abnormal over-current protection with $SuperFET^{(R)}$ 800V MOSFET in Flyback converter. In advanced abnormal over-current protection, digital pattern generator is proposed to detect a steep di/dt current condition when secondary rectifier diode or the transformer is shorted. If current sensing signal is larger than current limit during consecutive switching cycle, Gate signal will be stopped for 7 internal switching periods. If the abnormal over-current maintains pattern, the controller goes into protection mode. The Advanced over-current protection has been implemented in a 0.35um BCDMOS process (ON Semiconductor process).

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1988년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.502-505
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• 1988

This paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of one point grounding in support of ESS protection. One point grounding provides for the dispatching of excess energy for protection of switching equipment and personnel from lightning discharge hazards and for a natural sink for noise from atmospheric lightning and power transients. In most ESS installations there are a number of different items that must be maintained at a common ground potential for safety, fault protection or noise reduction. The items typically consist of power systems, heating and ventilating systems, distributing frames, repeating equipmets, switching equipments, etc. Grounding system of an ESS Office is most effective when all the ground points are connected to a single, common earth. The one point grounding prvides a common reference potential, keeping all the items of telecommunications facility free from the earth current and voltage hazards.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.198-209
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• 2007

This paper provides a thorough study on shared segment protection (SSP) for mesh communication networks in the complete routing information scenario, where the integer linear program (ILP) in [1] is extended such that the following two constraints are well addressed: (a) The restoration time constraint for each connection request, and (b) the switching/merging capacity constraint at each node. A novel approach, called SSP algorithm, is developed to reduce the extremely high computation complexity in solving the ILP formulation. Basically, our approach is to derive a good approximation on the parameters in the ILP by referring to the result of solving the corresponding shared path protection (SPP) problem. Thus, the design space can be significantly reduced by eliminating some edges in the graphs. We will show in the simulation that with our approach, the optimality can be achieved in most of the cases. To verify the proposed formulation and investigate the performance impairment in terms of average cost and success rate by the additional two constraints, extensive simulation work has been conducted on three network topologies, in which SPP and shared link protection (SLP) are implemented for comparison. We will demonstrate that the proposed SSP algorithm can effectively and efficiently solve the survivable routing problem with constraints on restoration time and switching/merging capability of each node. The comparison among the three protection types further verifies that SSP can yield significant advantages over SPP and SLP without taking much computation time.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.530-536
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• 2000

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2002

A hysteresis control is widely used to control output current of inverter. A hysteresis bandwidth is affected by system parameters such as source voltage, device on/off time, load inductance and resistance. The frequency limiter is used to protect switching devices overload. In the conventional hysteresis controller, a lock-out circuit with D-latch and timer is used to device protection circuit. But switching delay time and harmonic components are appeared in output current. In this paper the performance of lock-out circuit is tested, and new circuit for switching device fault protection is proposed ad it's performance is simulated.