• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2014

This study presents trends and projected estimates of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock of India vis-$\grave{a}$-vis world and developing countries over the period 1961 to 2010 estimated based on IPCC guidelines. World enteric methane emission (EME) increased by 54.3% (61.5 to $94.9{\times}10^9kg$ annually) from the year 1961 to 2010, and the highest annual growth rate (AGR) was noted for goat (2.0%), followed by buffalo (1.57%) and swine (1.53%). Global EME is projected to increase to $120{\times}10^9kg$ by 2050. The percentage increase in EME by Indian livestock was greater than world livestock (70.6% vs 54.3%) between the years 1961 to 2010, and AGR was highest for goat (1.91%), followed by buffalo (1.55%), swine (1.28%), sheep (1.25%) and cattle (0.70%). In India, total EME was projected to grow by $18.8{\times}10^9kg$ in 2050. Global methane emission from manure (MEM) increased from $6.81{\times}10^9kg$ in 1961 to $11.4{\times}10^9kg$ in 2010 (an increase of 67.6%), and is projected to grow to $15{\times}10^9kg$ by 2050. In India, the annual MEM increased from $0.52{\times}10^9kg$ to $1.1{\times}10^9kg$ (with an AGR of 1.57%) in this period, which could increase to $1.54{\times}10^9kg$ in 2050. Nitrous oxide emission from manure in India could be $21.4{\times}10^6kg$ in 2050 from $15.3{\times}10^6kg$ in 2010. The AGR of global GHG emissions changed a small extent (only 0.11%) from developed countries, but increased drastically (1.23%) for developing countries between the periods of 1961 to 2010. Major contributions to world GHG came from cattle (79.3%), swine (9.57%) and sheep (7.40%), and for developing countries from cattle (68.3%), buffalo (13.7%) and goat (5.4%). The increase of GHG emissions by Indian livestock was less (74% vs 82% over the period of 1961 to 2010) than the developing countries. With this trend, world GHG emissions could reach $3,520{\times}10^9kg$ $CO_2$-eq by 2050 due to animal population growth driven by increased demands for meat and dairy products in the world.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2022

2015년 '파리협정' 및 2021년 '기후위기 대응을 위한 탄소중립·녹색성장 기본법' 제정에 따라 2030년 국가 온실가스 감축목표(NDC, 2018년 대비 40% 감축) 달성을 위해서는 지자체별 적절한 온실가스 감축 목표 설정과 이행 노력이 필수적이다. 이에 이 연구에서는 충청북도 지역을 중심으로 1990-2018년 까지 온실가스 배출 현황을 시계열로 분석하였고, 2030년 국가 온실가스 감축목표와 시나리오를 바탕으로 충청북도의 2030년 온실가스 감축 목표를 제안하였다. 또한 감축 목표 달성을 위해 BAU 대비 장래 배출량을 고려한 2030년까지의 감축 잠재량을 추정하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 우리나라와 충북의 온실가스 배출량은 1990년 이래 인구 및 경제 성장에 따라 증가해온 것으로 나타났으며, 2018년 국가 대비 충북의 온실가스 배출량은 3.9%로 매우 낮은 편이였고, 시멘트 및 석회 생산, 제조업 및 건설업, 수송업 등 연료연소에 의한 배출이 주를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 2030년 NDC 및 2050 탄소중립 시나리오를 반영한 2030년 충청북도 온실가스 감축 목표는 2018년 대비 40.2%로 설정하였다. 이에 장래 배출량을 고려할 경우 목표 달성을 위한 감축 잠재량은 2018년 대비 46.8%인 것으로 추정되었다. 상기 결과는 국가 및 지자체의 온실가스 감축 목표 달성을 위해서는 분야별 온실가스 감축 수단을 통한 감축 잠재량을 충족하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 2030년 NDC 및 2050 탄소중립 시나리오 달성을 위해 충북을 포함한 국가 및 각 지자체는 온실가스 장래 배출량을 연도별로 추정하여 매년 감축 목표와 감축 잠재량을 구하고 이를 삭감할 수 있는 구체적인 감축 수단을 마련할 필요가 있음을 말해준다.

• 대기
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2018

This study investigated future changes in the Arctic permafrost features and related biogeochemical alterations under global warming. The Community Land Model (CLM) with biogeochemistry (BGC) was run for the period 2005 to 2099 with projected future climate based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 scenario. Under global warming, over the Arctic land except for the permafrost region, the rise in soil temperature led to an increase in soil liquid and decrease in soil ice. Also, the Arctic ground obtained carbon dioxide from the atmosphere due to the increase in photosynthesis of vegetation. On the other hand, over the permafrost region, the microbial respiration was increased due to thawing permafrost, resulting in increased carbon dioxide emissions. Methane emissions associated with total water storage have increased over most of Arctic land, especially in the permafrost region. Methane releases were predicted to be greatly increased especially near the rivers and lakes associated with an increased chance of flooding. In conclusion, at the end of $21^{st}$ century, except for permafrost region, the Arctic ground is projected to be the sink of carbon dioxide, and only permafrost region the source of carbon dioxide. This study suggests that thawing permafrost can further to accelerate global warming significantly.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2012

한국 및 여타 국가들의 온실가스 배출 관련 정책들은 기본적으로 배출 전망치를 바탕으로 수립되는바, 노동생산성이 높은 증가세를 보이는 부문에서 낮은 증가세를 보이는 부문으로 진행되는 구조적 변화-산업별 노동생산성 증가, 산업 전반의 배출 저감, 인구 증가를 고려한-의 예상경로가 핵심 요소가 된다. 따라서 구조적 변화의 원인을 모델화하는 작업은 배출량의 정확한 예측을 위해서 중요하다. 본 보고서는 한국경제 데이터를 활용하여 구조적 변화와 녹색성장 모델을 수립 및 평가함으로써 한국과 국제사회의 온실가스 담론을 위한 정책 함의성을 도출한다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Over the past centuries, industrialization in developed and developing countries has had a negative impact on global warming, releasing $CO_2$ emissions into the Earth's atmosphere. In recent years, the transportation sector, which emits one-third of total $CO_2$ emissions in the United States, has adapted by implementing a climate change action plan to reduce $CO_2$ emissions. Having an environmental policy might be an essential factor in mitigating the man-made global warming threats to protect public health and the coexistent needs of current and future generations; however, to my best knowledge, no research has been conducted in such a context with appropriate statistical validation process to evaluate the effects of climate change policy on $CO_2$ emission reduction in recent years in the U.S. transportation. The empirical findings using an entity fixed-effects model with valid statistical tests show the positive effects of climate change policy on $CO_2$ emission reduction in a state. With all the 49 states joining the climate change action plans, the U.S. transportation sector is expected to reduce its $CO_2$ emissions by 20.2 MMT per year, and for the next 10 years, the cumulated $CO_2$ emission reduction is projected to reach 202.3 MMT, which is almost equivalent to the $CO_2$ emissions from the transportation sector produced in 2012 by California, the largest $CO_2$ emission state in the nation.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.44-45
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• 2020

Korea has the fourth highest CO₂ emission among OECD countries in 2018, As of 2019, total greenhouse gas emissions per capita increased by about 98.2% in comparison to 1990. Korea has promised a 37% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 from the projected Paris Climate Change Accord. Currently, many countries use the emissions trading system(ETS) for international carbon management. In 2015, ETS has been implemented in Korea, and the importance of calculating CO₂ emissions from construction machinery has increased. So, we require an accurate calculation of the environmental charges through the allocated CERs. Using the CER price and related search keywords, this paper derive about prediction models of CER price and compare and focus on more accurate prediction about CER price. By this method, the budget needed to establish the initial construction process plan can be calculated based on more accurate predicted CER price.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.600-603
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• 2005

U.S. National Research Council proposed benefits framework for energy R&D project as economic benefits, environmental benefits, security benefits and knowledge benefits. Following this framework, U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory evaluated the projected benefits of Federal Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programs in the indicators of energy-expenditure savings, energy system cost savings, $CO_2$ emissions reductions. oil savings, natural gas saving and avoided additions to central conventional power. As this result, geothermal energy have predominant position in the energy-expenditure savings, natural gas saving and avoided addi t ions to central conventional power to FY2050. The projected benefits, in monetary value, of the whole supply-potential of geothermal energy in Korea were evaluated as 480.2 billion Won, 43.1 billion Won and 135.8 billion Won for the private energy-cost savings, social environmental-cost savings, and import energy-cost saving, respectively.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Global aviation is projected to grow in demand by an annual average of 4.1% between 2014 and 2034. It can be said that environmental impact from aviation will therefore be expected to increase on a similar scale. As regards civil aviation emissions, the sector contributes between 2~3% to International aviation GHG emissions. In the European Union(EU), aviation emissions account for about 3% of the EU's total green house gas emissions, of which a majority are said to come from international flights. In terms of traffic volume in 2013, Korea's international aviation industry 11th with regard to passengers and 3rd with regard to cargo, attaining the overall rank of 5th in the world. GHG emissions has been increasing steadily over the last 4 years, averaging 3.9 percent a year, due to the growth of low cost carriers and the increased demand for air transportations. As for aviation in Korea, there are a number of means intended to attain the Government's emission control objective in an efficient manner, such as AVA (Agreement of Voluntary Activity), TMS (Target Management System) and ETS (Emission Trading Scheme). In addition, the Government intends to better adapt to ICAO's Global MBM(Market-based Measures) that will come into performance on Year 2020. In the study, we focused on GHG mitigation measures that is fulfilling the AVA, TMS, ETS in the Government and suggest the effective measures to reduction the aviation GHG emissions.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

Energy consumption is the largest contributing factor for the increase of $CO_2$ emissions and amounts for almost 85% of all emissions. The future energy consumption of Korea is projected to grow exponentially despite its heavy dependence on imported energy that represents 97% of its total energy supply. According to a recent OECD report the carbon emission level of Korea is currently ranked 9th in $CO_2$ emissions, and is growing by almost 3% every year. Against this background, the Korean government introduced the "low carbon green growth" policy in 2008. As the global challenges intensified in the wake of the world economic crisis, Korea has been working hard in raising the visibility of its efforts at the club governance meetings, in particular the G-20 summit. Because of cooperative efforts with major member countries, the G-20 summit agenda has been significantly diversified to include long-term issues such as climate change, development issues, and global health. To achieve an effective green recovery for a new green world economic order, the G-20 summit leaders should concentrate on a strategy of establishing green governance for a global STI cooperation. Korea as the host country is poised to leverage the Seoul G-20 summit to catalyze global efforts toward a new green economic order.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2023

Cities cover only 3% of the planet's surface, yet they are responsible for more than 75% of the global emissions. Given the projected urban built area will double by 2060, the carbon emitted from cities will further increase. SOM proposes the Urban Sequoia concept, for buildings that go beyond 'net zero' and absorb carbon from the atmosphere. This concept combines multiple strategies, including the use of an optimised building form with a highly efficient structural system, modularized prefabrication techniques, holistic integration of facade, MEP and interiors' components, bio-based materials, and Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology, to reduce a 40-storey building's whole life cycle carbon emissions by more than 300% over a 100-year lifespan. Calculations of embodied carbon emissions are performed with SOM's in-house Environmental Analysis (EA) Tool to demonstrate the effectiveness of employing Urban Sequoia's design strategies in the design of new buildings using current technologies.