• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.225-230
• /
• 1973

Five cases of esophageal cancer developed at the site of esophageal lye stricture were reported. Duration of lye stricture was between 13 and 40years, and all 5 cases had taken normal diet without appreciable troubles after recovery from the acute stage of burn till the suspected onset of esophageal malignaney. Outstanding symptoms of this grave condition were rather acute progressive dysphagia and frequent episodes of esophageal foreign bodies, Diagnosis could be confirmed easily by endoscopic biopsy in suspected eases, and all were epidermoid carcinoma histopathologically. Curative resection of this condition was made in neither of the cases, and their prognoses were more grave than other esophageal malignancies in our experience. The development of esophageal carcinoma at the site of corrosive esophagitis with resulting benign stricture has now been suspected as a cause and effect relationship between these two conditions, and Kiviranta: stated that the incidence of esophageal cancer in patients with lye stricture of longer duration is a thousand times higher than normal population. During last one decade the authors experienced 5 cases of esophageal carcinoma developed at the site of lye stricture of the esophagus among about 350 cases of lye burned esophagus at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, the National Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. In Korea they still use lye as a detergent in rural area, and there are still many persons ingesting lye for suicidal attempt or on accident. Lye stricture of the esophagus is, therefore, the most common esophageal disease needing surgical procedures, and the authors believe that there will be much more eases of lye stricture complicated by esophageal eareinoma repoted in near future in this Country.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.495-505
• /
• 2016

This study explores and selects an appropriate material that considers light and soft physical properties as well as activity for impact absorption pads that can be used to develop practical impact protective clothes worn during daily life by the elderly to reduce the impact of falls. Physical properties, impact absorption performance, and compression characteristics were evaluated on 5 types of foam, 2 types of 3D spacer fabric, and 3 types of polymer gel to select a material appropriate for the pad to be inserted into impact protective clothes. The evaluation of the physical properties showed that 3D spacer fabrics had lower density compared to other materials and polymer gels had the highest density. The elongation percentage was higher in foams than 3D spacer fabrics and EPDM foam had the highest elongation percentage. The impact absorption performance of honeycomb polymer gel was better than foams and 3D spacer fabrics. As a result of looking into compression energy and compression characteristics of materials, 'CR foam A' was found to absorb the largest amount of compression energy, 24.1%, among foams and polymer gels. A high energy absorption rate of 50.0% (or above) was indicated by 3D spacer fabrics; however, foams and polymer gels showed a progressive deformation of energy compression / recovery curve with 3D spacer fabrics that showed drastic deformation. Based on characteristics of materials, 'CR foam C' and EPDM with relatively high absorption performance can be used as protective pad materials among foams. Among polymer gels, 2 open-type polymer gels that have relatively low impact protective performance but a relatively lighter weight on human body (compared to closed-type) are considered appropriate protective pad materials.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.435-446
• /
• 1991

Ductile shear zones developed in Jurassic granites in the Yonggwang area show NE trend at the eastern part and nearly EW trend at the western part, respectively. Judged from shear sense indicators, they have resulted from dextral strike-slip movement. The intersection of both trends is thought to be due to the truncation and offset of NE shear zone Chonju Shear zone by the brittle Yonggwang fault which runs in near EW direction with sinistral movement sense. The simple shear deformation was predominate through the deformation in this ductile shear zone. Based on this deformation mechanism, the shear strain (${\gamma}$) estimated in domain 1 increases from 0.14 at the shear zone margin to 9.41 toward the center of shear zone. Total displacement obtained only from this measured section(JK 59 to JK14) appecars to be 1434.5 meters. The sequential development of microstructures can be divided into three stages; weakly-foliated, well-foliated and banded-foliated stages. In the weakly-foliated stage dislocation glide mechanism might be predominant. In the well-foliated stage grain boundary migration and progressive misorientation of subgrains was remarkable during dynamic recovery and recrystallization. In the banded-foliated stage grain boundary sliding and microfracturing mechanisms accompanied with crushing and cracking were marked. According to strain analysis from quartzites of the metasedimentary rocks, strain intensity (${\gamma}$) of the samples within the ductile shear zone ranges from 2.7 to 5.7, while that of the samples out of the ductile shear zone appears to be about 1.7.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 2011

Cryopreservation protocols induce partially irreversible damage to mammalian sperm plasma membranes. Previous studies have indicated that adding cholesterol to the plasma membrane, as cholesterol-loaded-cyclodextrins, improves cryosurvival of sperm. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if treating sperm of Markhoz bucks with cholesterol-loaded-cyclodextrins (CLC) (0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3 mg/ml diluted $240{\times}10^6$ sperm/ml) in Tris-citric acid-glucose diluents with and without egg yolk (containing 5% glycerol) would improve the post-thaw sperm quality. The motion characteristics were evaluated with a Computer Assisted System Analyzer (CASA); acrosome integrity and vitality were measured with the triple-stain technique. Samples were recovered before and after freezing by means of putting straws into $37^{\circ}C$ water for 30 sec and then parameters were assessed. The results showed that the treatments significantly affected motility, progressive motility, recovery rate, curvilinear velocity, beat cross frequency, live sperm with reacted acrosome, live sperm with unreacted acrosome, dead sperm with reacted acrosorne, and dead sperm with unreacted acrosome during freezing (p<0.05). However; no significant differences were found for average path velocity, straight line velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement, straightness and linearity (p>0.05). The best results were observed for extender containing 2.25 mg/ml ($240{\times}10^6$ sperm/ml) CLC supplemented with 2.6% egg yolk. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate improved Markhoz sperm viability and motility following treatment in the presence of egg yolk.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.257-277
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this article is to oversee the theory of Chimibyeong(治未病). The aim of Chimibyeong theory is to prevent disease from occuring, worsening, being delivered and so on. In many books, the word Chimibyeong was used as an alternative name for Yangsaeng(養生) or used as a term of preventing a disease or used as a word meaning treating disease in the early stage. But after the period of "Nangyeong(難經)", people extend the meaning of Chimibyeong to all stages of a disease covering the healthy stage, the early stage, the progressive, and the recovery stage of a disease. Especially in urgent cases when pathogenic factor[邪氣] attacks patient to critical situations, it is also regarded as one way of Chimibyeong to repel pathogenic factor out as soon as possible with proper medicines. These days people suffer from increasing mental stress, lack of rest and human relationships, environmental pollution and chronic diseases and so on, and the situation will grow worse. Many governments employ the health policy where preventing disease takes the highest priority because by doing that they can save a huge budget and minimize the economic and social disorder. In this circumstances the idea of pursuing prevention in the theory of Chimibyeong will help people to maintain healthy conditions.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 1992

This study was done to evaluate the changes of enamel surface by interproximal stripping and recovery of it by polishing. The number of 34 1st premolars which had extracted for orthodontic treatment were selected as samples. Interproximal stripping was performed by hand with metal strip and strip placer (Dentaurum Co., Germany) and low speed handpiece with diamond disk (Superdiaflex, Germany). Polishing was performed by hand with plastic strip (3M Col) and low speed handpiece with whip-mix, DCPA (Dicalcium Phosphate, Anhydrous, $CaHPO_4$) powder and Sof-lex (3M Co. U.S.A.) polishing kit. Each groups were examined under the scanning electron microscope (JEOL Co., JSM-840A, Japan) and the following results were obtained: 1. The stripped group performed by metal strip and diamond disk altogether showed deep furrow on the enamel surface as wide as about $10{{\mu}m}$. 2. There could be seen more irregular scratched line in the group stripped by metal strip than that by diamond disk. 3. The polished group performed by plastic strip and DCPA powder showed slight smoothening of the edge of stripped furrow on the enamel surface without relation to the stripping method. 4. The polished group performed by Sof-lex progressive polishing kit could not avoid the formation of the furrows on the enamel surface according to the particle size without relation to the stripping method. 5. The polished group performed by the superfine polishing wheel, the final stage of Sof-lex polishing method showed shallow scratched line as wide as within about $2{{\mu}m}$ on the enamel surface without relation to the stripping method. 6. The interproximal stripped enamel surface could not recover its original surface texture by any kind of polishing methods.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.548-558
• /
• 2014

Load distribution is vital to the performance of multipath transport. The task becomes more challenging in real-time multimedia applications (RTMA), which impose stringent delay requirements. Two key issues to be addressed are: 1) How to minimize end-to-end delay and 2) how to alleviate packet reordering that incurs additional recovery time at the receiver. In this paper, we propose sub-packet based multipath load distribution (SPMLD), a new model that splits traffic at the granularity of sub-packet. Our SPMLD model aims to minimize total packet delay by effectively aggregating multiple parallel paths as a single virtual path. First, we formulate the packet splitting over multiple paths as a constrained optimization problem and derive its solution based on progressive approximation method. Second, in the solution, we analyze queuing delay by introducing D/M/1 model and obtain the expression of dynamic packet splitting ratio for each path. Third, in order to describe SPMLD's scheduling policy, we propose two distributed algorithms respectively implemented in the source and destination nodes. We evaluate the performance of SPMLD through extensive simulations in QualNet using real-time H.264 video streaming. Experimental results demonstrate that: SPMLD outperforms previous flow and packet based load distribution models in terms of video peak signal-to-noise ratio, total packet delay, end-to-end delay, and risk of packet reordering. Besides, SPMLD's extra overhead is tiny compared to the input video streaming.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
• /
• v.33 no.51
• /
• pp.324.1-324.6
• /
• 2018

Oxysterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency is a very rare liver disease categorized as inborn errors of bile acid synthesis, caused by CYP7B1 mutations. As it may cause rapid progression to end-stage liver disease even in early infancy, a high index of suspicion is required to prevent fatal outcomes. We describe the case of a 3-month-old boy with progressive cholestatic hepatitis and severe hepatic fibrosis. After excluding other etiologies for his early liver failure, we found that he had profuse urinary excretion of $3{\beta}$-monohydroxy-${\Delta}^5$-bile acid derivatives by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis with dried urine spots on filter paper. He was confirmed to have a compound heterozygous mutation (p.Arg388Ter and p.Tyr469IlefsX5) of the CYP7B1 gene. After undergoing liver transplantation (LT) from his mother at 4 months of age, his deteriorated liver function completely normalized, and he had normal growth and development until the current follow-up at 33 months of age. We report the first Korean case of oxysterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase deficiency in the youngest infant reported to undergo successful living donor LT to date.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2021

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare, progressive, life-threatening condition of thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and renal impairment. The mechanisms underlying aHUS remain unclear. Herein, we present the first case in the literature of aHUS after a traumatic injury. A 55-year-old male visited the emergency department after a traumatic injury caused by a tree limb. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a rectal wall defect with significant air density in the perirectal space and preperitoneum, implying rectal perforation. Due to the absence of intraperitoneal intestinal perforation, we performed diverting sigmoid loop colostomy. An additional intermittent simple repair was performed due to perianal and anal injuries. One day postoperatively, his urine output abruptly decreased and serum creatinine level increased. His platelet level decreased, and a spiking fever occurred after 2 days. The patient was diagnosed with acute renal failure secondary to aHUS and was treated with fresh frozen plasma replacement. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was also started for oliguria and uremic symptoms. The patient received CRRT for 3 days and intermittent hemodialysis thereafter. After hemodialysis and subsequent supportive treatment, his urine output and renal function improved. The hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia also gradually improved. Dialysis was terminated on day 22 of admission and the patient was discharged after recovery. This case suggests that that a traumatic event can trigger aHUS, which should be considered in patients who have thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are critical for favorable outcomes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2022

Background : Lymphedema is a progressive disorder characterized by the impairment of lymph flow from tissues to the blood circulation system. This occurs as a result of damage to the lymphatic system. Complex decongestive therapy (CDT) is a multimodal, conservative therapeutic approach that is used for the management of lymphedema. CDT consists of a combination of compression therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, exercise, and skin care. Purpose : This study aimed to provide a review of available physical therapy interventions as well as general care guidelines for patients with lymphedema. Methods : The recommendations and guidelines for physical therapy management, medical management, and general information were reviewed from the following sources: 1) The American Physical Therapy Association, 2) The Norton School of Lymphatic Therapy, and 3) The International Society of Lymphology. This review contains general information, including the medical management and the importance of physical therapy in lymphedema. Physical therapy management should be based on an assessment of the patients' presenting impairments, including based on inclusion or exclusion of physical therapy interventions. This review also outlines a step-by-step approach that starts with disease diagnosis and progression all the way through to rehabilitation as an outpatient. Conclusion : Depending on the patients' journey to recovery and the requirement for rehabilitation, physical therapy interventions should focus on the patients' needs including pain, appearance, physical function and general rehabilitation. We hope that this review will provide information on evidence-based physical therapy and general care to patients with lymphedema.