• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2019

지능형 전자상거래 검색 엔진에 대한 관심이 커지면서, 검색 상품의 특징을 지능적으로 추출하고 활용하기 위한 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 특히 전자상거래 지능형 검색 엔진에서 상품을 검색 할 때, 제품의 색상은 상품을 묘사하는 중요한 특징 중에 하나이다. 따라서 사용자의 질의에 정확한 응답을 위해서는 사용자가 검색하려는 색상과 그 색상의 동의어 및 유의어에 대한 처리가 필요하다. 기존의 연구들은 색상 특징에 대한 동의어 처리를 주로 사전 방식으로 다뤄왔다. 하지만 이러한 사전방식으로는 사전에 등록되지 않은 색상 용어가 질의에 포함된 경우 처리하지 못하는 한계점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 사용하던 방식의 한계점을 극복하기 위하여, 실시간으로 인터넷 검색 엔진을 통해 해당 색상의 RGB 값을 추출한 후 추출된 색상정보를 기반으로 유사한 색상명들을 출력하는 모델을 제안한다. 본 모델은 우선적으로 기본적인 색상 검색을 위해 671개의 색상명과 각 RGB값이 저장된 색상 사전을 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 모델은 특정 색상을 검색하는 것으로 시작하며, 검색된 색상이 색상 사전 내 존재하는 지 유무를 확인한다. 사전 내에 검색한 색상이 존재한다면, 해당 색상의 RGB 값이 기준 값으로 사용된다. 만일 색상사전 내에 존재하지 않는다면, Google 이미지 검색 결과를 크롤링하여 각 이미지의 특정 영역 내 RGB값들을 군집화하여 구한 평균 RGB값을 검색한 색상의 기준 값으로 한다. 기준 RGB값을 앞서 구축한 색상 사전 내의 모든 색상의 RGB 값들과 비교하여 각 R, G, B 값에 있어서 ${\pm}50$ 내의 색상 목록을 정렬하고, RGB값 간의 유클리디안 거리 유사도를 활용하여 최종적으로 유사한 색 상명들을 출력한다. 제안 방안의 유용성을 평가하기 위해 실험을 진행하였다. 피설문자들이 생각하는 300 개의 색상 이름과 해당 색상 값을 얻어, 본 연구에서 제안한 방안을 포함한 총 네가지 방법을 통해 얻은 RGB 값들과 피설문자가 지정한 RGB값에 대한 비교를 진행했다. 인간의 눈을 반영하는 측정 기준인 CIELAB의 유클리드안거리는 평균 13.85로 색상사전만을 활용한 방안의 30.88, 한글 동의어사전 사이트인 워드넷을 추가로 활용한 방안의 30.38에 비해 비교적 낮은 색상 간의 거리 값을 보였다. 연구에서 제시하는 방안에서 군집화 과정을 제외한 방안의 색 차는 13.88로 군집화 과정이 색 차를 줄여준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 기존 동의어 처리 방식인 사전 방식이 지닌 한계에서 벗어나기 위해, 사전 방식에 새로운 색상명에 대한 실시간 동의어 처리 방식을 결합한 RGB값 기반의 새로운 색상 동의어 처리 방안을 제안한다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 전자상거래 검색 시스템의 지능화에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.155-174
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• 2022

2020년 1월부터 2021년 10월 현재까지 COVID-19(치명적인 호흡기 증후군인 코로나바이러스-2)와 관련된 학술 연구가 500,000편 이상 발표되었다. COVID-19와 관련된 논문의 수가 급격하게 증가함에 따라 의료 전문가와 정책 담당자들이 중요한 연구를 신속하게 찾는 것에 시간적·기술적 제약이 따르고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 LDA와 Word2vec 알고리즘을 사용하여 방대한 문헌의 텍스트 자료로부터 유용한 정보를 추출하는 방안을 제시한다. COVID-19와 관련된 논문에서 검색하고자 하는 키워드와 관련된 논문을 추출하고, 이를 대상으로 세부 주제를 파악하였다. 자료는 Kaggle에 있는 CORD-19 데이터 세트를 활용하였는데, COVID-19 전염병에 대응하기 위해 주요 연구 그룹과 백악관이 준비한 무료 학술 자료로서 매주 자료가 업데이트되고 있다. 연구 방법은 크게 두 가지로 나뉜다. 먼저, 47,110편의 학술 논문의 초록을 대상으로 LDA 토픽 모델링과 Word2vec 연관어 분석을 수행한 후, 도출된 토픽 중 'vaccine'과 관련된 논문 4,555편, 'treatment'와 관련된 논문 5,791편을 추출한다. 두 번째로 추출된 논문을 대상으로 LDA, PCA 차원 축소 후 t-SNE 기법을 사용하여 비슷한 주제를 가진 논문을 군집화하고 산점도로 시각화하였다. 전체 논문을 대상으로 찾을 수 없었던 숨겨진 주제를 키워드에 따라 문헌을 분류하여 토픽 모델링을 수행한 결과 세부 주제를 찾을 수 있었다. 본 연구의 목표는 대량의 문헌에서 키워드를 입력하여 특정 정보에 대한 문헌을 분류할 수 있는 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목표는 의료 전문가와 정책 담당자들의 소중한 시간과 노력을 줄이고, 신속하게 정보를 얻을 수 있는 방법을 제안하는 것이다. 학술 논문의 초록에서 COVID-19와 관련된 토픽을 발견하고, COVID-19에 대한 새로운 연구 방향을 탐구하도록 도움을 주는 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.107-129
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• 2022

기술경쟁이 심화되고 있는 오늘날 신기술에 대한 선도적 위치의 선점이 중요하다. 선도적 위치의 선점과 적정시점에 기술 획득·관리를 위해 이해관계자들은 지속적으로 기술에 대한 탐색활동을 수행한다. 이를 위한 참고 자료로서 가트너 하이프 사이클(Gartner Hype Cycle)은 중요한 의미가 있다. 하이프 사이클은 기술수명주기(S-curve)와 하이프 수준(Hype Level)을 결합하여 새로운 기술에 대한 대중의 기대감을 시간의 흐름에 따라 나타낸 그래프이다. 새로운 기술에 대한 기대는 기술사업화뿐만 아니라 연구개발 투자의 정당성, 투자유치를 위한 기회의 발판이 된다는 점에서 연구개발 담당자 및 기술투자자의 관심이 높다. 그러나 산업계의 높은 관심에 비해 실증분석을 시도한 선행연구는 다양하지 못하다. 선행문헌 분석결과 데이터 종류(뉴스, 논문, 주가지수, 검색 트래픽 등)나 분석방법은 한정적이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 확산의 주요한 채널이 되어가고 있는 소셜네트워크서비스의 데이터를 활용하여 'Gartner Hype Cycle for Artificial Intelligence, 2021'의 단계별 기술들에 대한 집단구조(커뮤니티)의 특성과 커뮤니티 간 정보 확산패턴을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 컴포넌트 응집규모(Component Cohesion Size)를 통해 각 단계별 구조적 특성과 연결중심화(Degree Centralization)와 밀도(Density)를 통해 확산의 방식을 확인하였다. 연구결과 기술을 수용하는 단계별 집단들의 커뮤니케이션 활동이 시간이 지날 수록 분절이 커지며 밀도 역시 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한 새로운 기술에 대한 관심을 촉발하는 혁신태동기 집단의 경우 정보확산을 촉발하는 외향연결(Out-degree) 중심화 지수가 높았으며, 이후의 단계는 정보를 수용하는 내향연결(In-degree) 중심화 지수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 해당 연구를 통해 하이프 사이클에 관한 이론적 기초를 제공할 것이다. 또한 인공지능기술에 대한 기술관심집단들의 기대감을 반영한 정보확산의 특성과 패턴을 소셜데이터를 통해 분석함으로써 기업의 기술투자 의사결정에 새로운 시각을 제공할 것이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.286-305
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• 2013

본 연구은 외국인 보호소의 다양한 보호외국인의 욕구와 필요에 부합할 수 있는 급식의 개선 방안에 대한 기초 자료로 활용하고, 보호소 급식의 질적 향상에 기여하고자 실시하였다. 설문이 가능한 1곳의 외국인 보호소의 보호외국인 중 2010년 외국인 입소자 현황에서 구성 비율이 높은 중국(조선족 포함), 태국, 베트남, 몽골, 러시아(우즈베키스탄 포함)의 보호외국인을 중심으로 자기기입식 조사로 설문 조사하였으며 2010년 2월22일부터 4월22일까지 조사하였다. 조사내용으로는 보호소 급식의 잔반 실태를 알아보았으며, 보호외국인들이 선호하는 식재료의 조리방법에 대한 선호도를 주식, 부식, 후식으로 나눈 후 품목별로 알아보았다. 또한 보호외국인이 선호하는 식재료와 식단 형태 및 구성을 알아보면서 이의 선호제공횟수를 또한 함께 조사하였는데 식단형태 및 구성은 현재 외국인 보호소에서 제공되고 있는 식단형태 및 구성을 기준으로 하였다. 보호외국인의 개인별 맛에 대한 선호도 및 보호소 급식 식단의 맛에 대한 만족도를 알아보았고, 보호소 급식의 품질 관련 고려사항과 보호소 급식의 음식 메뉴 위생 및 서비스 품질 특성에 대한 중요도 및 수행도를 조사하였다. 그리고 마지막으로 보호소 급식의 전반적인 만족도를 평가하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 급식의 잔반 실태를 살펴본 결과, 음식을 보면 김치(37.61%), 국류(17.95%), 부식(17.09%), 후식(12.39%), 주식(9.83%), 기타(5.13%) 순으로 나타났으며 잔반의 원인 식재료는 빵(21.76%), 콩 두부(17.99%), 오징어(16.74%), 채소(14.64%), 생선(10.46%), 쌀(6.28%), 기타(6.69%), 음료(5.44%)로 나타났다. 잔반 정도는 거의 다 먹는다가 54.75%이며 3/4 정도 먹는다가 25.1%, 1/2 정도 먹는다가 13.31%, 1/4 정도 먹는다가 5.32%, 거의 먹지 않는다가 1.52%로 나타났다. 잔반원인은 입맛에 맞지 않아서(31.84%), 아프거나 기분이 안좋아 먹고 싶지 않아서(19.85%), 간이 맞지 않아서(12.73%), 좋아하는 조리법이 아니어서(11.24%), 싫어하는 음식 또는 식재료여서(10.11%) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 외국인 보호소 급식의 식단에 대한 조리법 인식에서 주식으로 쌀밥에 대한 선호도(3.77점)가 빵류에서는 찐빵에 대한 선호도(3.73점)가 가장 높게 나타났다. 면류에서는 라면(3.51점)이나 잔치국수(소면) 등을 포함한 한식(3.48점)이 높게 나타났으며, 부식은 가금류를 제외한 어패류, 난류, 서류, 채소류, 육류, 김치류에서 조리법에 따라 선호도에 유의적인 차이가 나타났다(p<0.01)(p<0.001). 조리법 중 찜, 조림, 절임보다 볶음, 구이나 튀김을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 김치류에서는 배추김치(3.64점)의 선호도가 높았다. 후식으로는 생과일(4.16점)을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 음료류에서는 우유(4.02점)의 선호도가 높았다. 외국인이 선호하는 식재료로는 소고기(64.12%), 돼지고기(60.31%), 닭고기(46.18%), 과일(33.59%), 생선(29.01%), 채소(22.14%), 콩 두부(16.03%), 감자 고구마(15.65%), 두유(6.87%), 기타(1.91%) 순으로 나타났으며, 급식 식단 형태 및 구성에 대한 선호도 조사에서 아침으로 선호하는 식단형태는 빵식(40.77%), 점심/저녁으로 선호하는 메뉴형태는 한식(48.08%), 중국식(20.77%), 서양식(18.46%), 빵식(9.62%), 기타(3.08%) 순으로 나타났다. 선호하는 국은 매운맛국(40.41%)을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 선호하는 식단 구성을 보면 쌀밥/빵 중 쌀밥, 국/음료 중 국, 김치/샐러드 중 김치를 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 급식 식단 품목별 희망 제공횟수로 빵은 1회/1일, 두유는 1회/1일, 국은 2~3회/1일, 김치는 2~3회/1일, 후식은 1회/1일로 나타났으며 급식 식단의 품목 구성별 희망 제공횟수로는 빵+두유+삶은 계란 1회/1일, 밥+국+반찬+김치의 희망 제공횟수는 2~3회/1일을 선호하는 비율이 많이 나타났다. 개인별 음식 맛에 대한 선호도에서는 단맛, 매운맛, 담백한 맛에서 선호도가 '보통이다(3점)'로 나타났으며 짠맛, 신맛, 쓴맛, 느끼한 맛에서 '싫어한다(2점)'로 나타났다. 식단의 맛에 대한 만족도는 담백한 맛(3.24점), 매운맛(3.15점), 짠맛(3.07점), 단맛(3.01점), 느끼한 맛(2.91점), 신맛(2.93점), 쓴맛(2.79점) 순이었다. 선호도와 만족도에서 유의적인 차이가 있는 맛으로 매운맛(p<0.001), 신맛(p<0.05), 쓴맛(p<0.001), 담백한 맛(p<0.01)으로 나타났다. 보호소 급식의 품질 향상을 위한 고려사항으로 우선적으로 고려되어야 할 사항으로는 맛있는 음식 제공(58.69%), 다양한 종류의 음식 제공(40.54%), 깨끗한 식기의 사용(36.68%), 영양을 고려한 건강지향적인 음식 제공(35.91%), 신선한 식재료의 사용(33.59%) 등의 순으로 높게 응답하였으며, 적당한 양의 음식제공(11.58%), 문화적 종교적 관습을 고려한 식재료의 사용(11.58%), 음식, 식재료 및 조리법에 대한 정보 제공(13.90%), 식품 알레르기를 일으키지 않는 식재료의 사용(16.22%), 음식을 주는 아주머니의 친절(18.53%) 등을 낮은 비율로 응답하였다. 외국인의 보호소 급식 식단의 음식영역, 메뉴영역, 위생 및 서비스영역의 중요도와 수행도의 점수를 비교한 결과 위생 및 서비스영역을 제외한 음식영역 및 메뉴영역의 모든 요인에서 중요도와 수행도간 유의적인 차이(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001)를 보였으며 중요도의 대다수 항목에서 '보통이다(3점)'에서 '중요하다(4점)' 이상인 반면, 수행도에서는 '그렇지 않다(2점)'에서 '보통이다(3점)'로 나타났다. 속성에 따른 중요도에서 '식기의 깨끗함'(4.30점), '음식의 위생'(4.24점), '음식의 맛'(4.07점), '재료의 신선함'(4.03점)을 4.0 이상 중요하게 생각하고 있었으며 수행도속성에서는 '배식원의 청결한 옷차림'이 3.95점으로 가장 높게 나타났으나 '좋아하는 음식 제공'(2.74점), '음식의 맛'(2.94점) '음식의 양'(2.95점), '음식, 식재료 및 조리법의 정보 제공'(2.96점)은 3.0 미만으로 수행도가 낮게 나타났다. 보호소 급식 식단에 대한 전반적인 만족도는 '보통이다'인 3.26점으로 나타났다. 급식 식단의 형태에 대한 만족도를 보면 아침, 점심/저녁 식단구성 형태에 대해 3점대의 만족도 점수를 나타냈으며, 근소한 차이지만 빵식을 하는 아침의 식단 형태가 3.28점으로 1식 3찬을 하는 점심/저녁의 식단형태의 선호도 점수 3.30점보다 조금 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 국적에 따른 급식 만족도를 살펴보면 국적에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p<0.001), 베트남/태국인 3.63점, 러시아인 3.37점, 중국인 3.19점, 몽골인 2.59점으로 대부분 3점대의 점수대를 나타냈고 몽골인의 급식의 만족도가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 종교에 따른 전반적인 만족도를 조사한 결과 이슬람교인 3.44점, 불교인 3.31점, 종교 없음 3.27점, 기독교인 3.03점, 기타 종교인 2.83점으로 이슬람교의 만족도 점수가 높았으나 유의하지는 않았다. 국내체류기간에 따른 만족도를 조사한 결과 4년 이상 3.34점, 2년 미만 3.24점, 2~4년 미만 3.19점의 만족도 점수를 보였으며 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 다양한 국적, 종교, 국내체류기간을 가진 외국인 보호소는 법적보호와 처우 만족이라는 두 부분에 균형을 이룰 수 있는 급식 운영의 도입이 요구되는데 보호소 급식 만족도에 영향을 주는 품질 속성들에 대한 매뉴얼과 체크리스트의 지속적인 개발과 식품 기호도 조사, 섭취빈도조사, 관능검사, 잔반량 조사 등으로 급식대상자들에 대한 계속적인 연구의 진행과 이를 통한 개선 적용은 외국인 보호소 급식의 전반적인 만족도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 1973

우리나라에서 식물생장(植物生長)이 가장 나쁜 니암지대(泥岩地帶) 황폐림지(荒廢林地)에 지피식생(地被植生)을 조성(造成)시키기 위하여 지피식생(地被植生) 조성시험(造成試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 객토량시험(客土量試驗)에 있어서 객토(客土)는 두께 15cm이상을 하여야만 객토(客土)의 효과(効果)를 인정(認定)할 수있었고, 10cm의 객토(客土)를 하고서도 시비(施肥)를 하지 않으면 생장(生長)이 불량(不良)하여 1cm 객토후(客土後) 비료(肥料)를 충분(充分)히 사용(使用)한 구(區)보다 못하였다. 또 파종혈(播種穴)의 깊이에 있어서 30cm구(區)와 40cm구(區)와는 그 성적차(成績差)를 인정(認定)할 수가 없었다. 식생대피복구(植生袋被覆區)와 무피복구(無被覆區)는 식물(植物)이 발아당시(發芽當時)에는 종자(種子)의 유실여부(流失如否)와 유시(幼時) 생장상(生長上)의 차(差)가 다소(多少)있었으나 가을 성적(成績) 결과(結果)는 차(差)를 인정(認定)할 수 없어서, 이것을 종합(綜合)하여 보면 객토(客土)는 10cm이상(以上)이고 파종혈(播種穴)($30cm{\times}30cm$)당(當) 30g(22:22:11 복비(複肥) 55g)의 시비(施肥)를 하여야 한다. 2. 객토파종별(客土播種別) 시험(試驗)에 있어서 화강암풍화토(花崗巖風化土), 응회암풍화토(凝灰岩風化土), 니암풍화토별(泥岩風化土別) 성적(成績)은 고도(高度)의 유의차(有意差)가 없어고, 각종녹화자재별(各種綠化資材別) 처리(處理)에서도 모연공구(毛筵工區)에서만 1%의 유의차(有意差)를 나타내었다. 이것을 종합(綜合)하면 본 바닥 산록(山麓)의 성취(成就)된 니암풍화토(泥岩風化土)를 객토(客土)로 사용(使用)하는 것이 효과적(効果的)이며 모연공구(毛筵工區)가 좋았다. 3. 니암지대(泥岩地帶)의 임지비암(林地肥岩)임지에는 기존임목(旣存林木)(소나무, 해송)이 1ha당(當) 2,000~3,000본(本) 산재(散在)되어 있으므로 1ah당(當) 22:22:11 복합비료(複合肥料)를 성분량(成分量)으로 110kg을 시용(施用)한 결과(結果) 시비당년(施肥當年)에는 차(差)를 인정(認定)할수 없었으나 다만 엽색(葉色)이 농록색(濃綠色)을 정(呈)하고 엽장(葉長)이 30~40% 더 신장(伸張)하였고 사방오리나무에 있어서 14:37:12 및 9:12:3 복비(複肥)를 본당성분량(本當成分量)으로 20g 구(區)와 40g 구(區)로 나누어 시비(施肥)한 결과(結果) 40g구(區)가 월등(越等)히 생장(生長)이 양호(良好)하였으며 비종간(肥種間)에는 차(差)이를 인정(認定)할수 없었다. 4. 임목(林木)의 근계신장상황(根系伸張狀況)은 소나무는 40년(年)을 자라도 니암(泥岩)을 뚫고 생장(生長)하는 직근신장(直根伸張)은 15cm에 불과(不過)하나 곰솔은 23cm까지 주근(主根)이 신장(伸張)할 수가 있으므로 소나무보다 해송의 직근(直根) 신장력(伸張力)이 강(强)하다. 측근전장(側根全長)은 소나무에서 20m 해송에서 13m이였고, 아까시아나무는 식재당시(植栽當時)에 길이에서 더밑으로 암석을 뚫지 못하고 측근(側根)만 발달(發達)하여 비교적(比較的) 수분(水分)이 보지(保持)되는 소나무밑으로 신장(伸張)하는 것이 통례(通例)이였으며, 니암잔적토(泥岩殘積土)에서는 8~10년(年)만에 고사(枯死)되고 만다. 한편 소나무의 수형(樹型)은 편편상(偏偏狀)인데 해송은 삼각형(三角形)에 수형(樹型)을 이루고 있는 것이 특이하다. 이상(以上)의 사실(事實)을 종합(綜合)하면 인공(人工) 조림시(造林時) 충분(充分)한 식혈(植穴)을 파주지 않으면 임목(林木) 생육(生育)이 어려우므로 충분(充分)한 식혈(植穴)과 비료(肥料)를 시용(施用)하여야만 니암지대(泥岩地帶) 황폐림지(荒廢林地)를 복구(復舊)할수 있을것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.