• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.53-83
• /
• 2023

The investment agreement prepared at the beginning of inter-Korean economic cooperation in 2000 can be evaluated as very ineffective as a product of mutual political and diplomatic compromise rather than an effective protection for our investment assets. South Korean companies suffered a lot of losses due to the freezing of assets in the Geumgang mountain district and the closure of the Kaeseung Industrial Complex, but they did not receive practical damage relief due to institutional vulnerabilities. Currently, North Korea is under international economic sanctions of the UN Security Council, so it is true that the resumption of inter-Korean economic cooperation is far away, but North Korea's human resources and geographical location are still attractive investment destinations for us. Therefore, if strained relations between the two Koreas recover in the future and international economic sanctions on North Korea are eased, Korean companies' investment in North Korea will resume. However, the previous inter-Korean investment agreement system was a fictional systemthat was ineffective. Therefore, if these safety devices are not reorganized when economic cooperation resumes, unfair damage to Korean companies will be repeated again. The core of the improved investment guarantee system is not a bilateral system between the two Koreas, but the establishment of a multilateral system through North Korea's inclusion in the international economy. Specifically, it includes encouraging North Korea to join international agreements for the execution of arbitration decisions, securing subrogation rights through membership of international insurance groups such as MIGA, creating matching funds by international financial organizations. Through this new approach, it will be possible to improve the safety of Korean companies' investment in North Korea, and ultimately, it will be necessary to lay the foundation for mutual development through economic cooperation between the two Koreas.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.393-399
• /
• 2023

Upper limb amputees wear an upper limb prosthesis for both aesthetic purposes and functional necessity, and in particular, in the case of amputee with both hands, it is essential to wear a myoelectric prosthetic hand capable of gripping action. The prosthetic hand operated by the EMG signal of the remaining muscles is a public insurance benefit item of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance, and test method standards are needed to be developed for the safety of the user and the effectiveness of the product performance. In this study, we developed systems for measuring the gripping force of myoelectric hand prosthesis by a load cell and for durability test of the prosthesis over repeated use with a proximity sensor, and propose a test method standard. Since the international test method standard has not yet been established, it is expected that Korea will be able to play a leading role in this standardization field in the future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.394-410
• /
• 2023

This study aims to understand the influence of authentic marketing on the formation of trust between brands and customers and consumers' purchase intentions and to analyze the role that brand trust has in this process. In doing so, it examines the specific aspects of authentic marketing that increase brand trust and contribute to the formation of purchase intentions, which could then be leveraged as key elements of a company's marketing strategy. Data in this study was used frequency analysis and factor analysis through SPSS 26.0, and reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis, path model analysis, and mediated effect analysis were performed using AMOS. Finding indicate that, identity and truth in authentic marketing had a positive effect on brand trust but heritage and reality did not affect brand trust. It was also found that the factors of identity, heritage, reality, and trust did not significantly affect purchase intention. Additionally, brand trust was found to have a positive effect on purchase intention. Finally, the analysis indicates that brand trust plays a mediating role in the process of forming purchase intention through the factors of identity and truth in authentic marketing. Therefore, the core of authentic marketing is the sincere relationship between companies and consumers obtained from the clarity and integrity of messages, and in this process, mutual trust is built, which leads to product purchases. It can be surmised that the purpose of authentic marketing is to build relationships with consumers based on brand trust.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.35-56
• /
• 2013

The era of globalization provides us with both opportunities and threats. The success of a multinational corporation depends largely on its ability to adapt itself to new market environment. We believe that understanding and implementing multicultural PR strategy can be a key to the multinational corporations' success in foreign markets. We argue in this paper that even a global iconic company such as Google needs to focus on how to understand local consumers' needs and preferences before formulating and implementing PR strategy. Having a global hit product or service is not sufficient enough to be successful in some foreign markets. It is especially more evident in the industries where companies deal with individual consumers, and perceptions and sentiments play a large role in their purchase decisions. The objective of this research is to find out the relationship between multicultural PR strategy and business performance. Therefore, our main hypothesis is; better implementation of multicultural PR strategy by a multinational corporation will result in higher performance in the foreign markets. To prove the relationship between multicultural PR strategy and performance, we designed a framework that uses Rudan's (2004) five rules for multicultural PR strategy. It is a contribution to the business academics as there are very few studies that directly focus on and analyze the multicultural aspects of a multinational company's PR strategy. Through our research, we found strong evidence that there is a positive relationship between the level and effectiveness of a company's multicultural PR strategy and its performance in the foreign markets. This offers some meaningful implications to the managers of the multinational corporations and those who are considering going into a foreign market for the first time. We also suggested a way of measuring the implementation of multicultural PR strategy. By applying five rules for multicultural PR strategy to Google's PR activities, it allowed us to convert qualitative information into quantitative data. This kind of tool can be helpful for multinational corporations that want to evaluate their own PR activities.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.247-255
• /
• 2023

Interference and collisions often occur in the loading process at shipyards. Existing simulation methods focus primarily on resource processes and schedules, and there is a lack of real-time reflection in the complex and highly variable loading process. This study aims to develop a spatial environment incorporating real-time product data, such as hulls, and confirms its effectiveness by simulating various construction scenarios. As a method, a near real-time spatial environment based on broadband laser scanning was established, with the situation of loading heavy cargo assumed when converting an existing ship into an LNG dual-fuel propulsion ship. A case study simulation of near-real-time cargo loading processes was then conducted using Unity 3D to confirm the interference and collision risks within the spatial environment. The results indicated that interference occurred in structures previously not identified in the design data, and a collision occurred during the loading object erection phase. The simulation confirmed that the identification of interference and collision risks during the erection phase highlights the need for a relocation or removal process of potential hazards before erection takes place. An improved erection simulation that integrates near real-time data could effectively prevent interference and collision risks.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 2024

As users of paid media readers' satisfaction with usage directly affects the promotion and development of paid media in China. Based on relevant research literature on user sustained use behavior, using the Expectation Confirmation Model as the framework, China paid media Caixin is used as a content product to construct a sustained use model for paid media. At the same time, the operational definition and theoretical assumptions of the variables in the model were provided, laying the foundation for subsequent empirical research on the effectiveness of the model.The research results show that paid media's social influence and performance expectations have a positive impact on Caixin App readers' adoption behavior,perceived usefulness and expection confirmation has a positive impact on Caixin App readers' satisfaction . Adoption behavior and satisfaction has a positive effect on continue using intention, what's more,the perceived usefulness also has a positive effect on continue using intention.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.95-106
• /
• 2024

The article is devoted to the design and development of an information system for preserving the results of testing to verify the residual knowledge of students of the resource for training specialists in information and communication technologies. The purpose of the study is to provide a scientific justification for the problem of developing professional training of specialists in information and communication technologies in the process of using an information system to save test results to verify students' residual knowledge and to verify the effectiveness of its implementation in universities. According to the results of the experiment, it can be argued that the introduction of an information system to preserve the results of testing to test students' residual knowledge in the educational process contributes to the professional training of specialists in information and communication technologies at the universities of Ukraine. The practice of development and use of modern information technologies focused on the implementation of psychological and pedagogical goals of teaching and education is fundamentally new mediated by modern technical and technological innovations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2024

In-situ carbonation technology represents a form of mineral carbonation that integrates CO₂ into the fabrication process of cementitious construction materials, capturing CO₂ as calcium carbonate(CaCO₃) through a reaction between calcium ions(Ca²⁺) and CO₂ released during cement hydration. This investigation examines the application of in-situ carbonation technology to a variety of floor dry cement mortar formulations commonly used in local construction projects. It assesses the effects of varying the CO₂ injection flow rate and total volume of CO₂ injected. Additionally, the study evaluates the impact of reducing the quantity of cement used as a binder on the final product's quality.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.289-303
• /
• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the types and forms of various marketing activities actually used in pharmaceutical companies and to empirically analyze the impact of these marketing activities on sales. Design/methodology/approach - This study categorize five years' worth of marketing activity data from a foreign pharmaceutical company 'A' which operates in South Korea into five categories. Multiple regression analysis and interaction effects are employed for data analysis. Findings - First, CRM calls, Detail calls, GP, and Web events have a positive impact on sales, but SoV does not show significant differences. Second, in the comparison between HQ1 and HQ2 based on patent ownership, Detail calls and Web events had a stronger impact on sales in HQ2, where the patent period is still in effect, compared to HQ1. However, SoV showed no difference between HQ1 and HQ2. Research implications or Originality - First, Detail Calls are more effective for drugs with active patents, while CRM Calls work better for drugs with expired patents. This emphasizes the need to customize call strategies based on patent status. Second, the significant impact of Web Events on sales in HQ2 compared to HQ1 suggests that online information access is crucial, indicating that customer receptivity varies based on product nature. Third, these insights, derived from data analysis, call for a shift in pharmaceutical marketing analysis methods away from traditional approaches. Finally, this study holds significance as one of the first empirical analyses using actual marketing data from pharmaceutical companies in South Korea.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.47-62
• /
• 2024

Abu Gurdi area is located in the South-eastern Desert of Egypt which considered as volcanic massive sulfide deposits (VMS). The present work aims at investigating the ore mineralogy of Abu Gurdi region in addition to the effectiveness of the hydrometallurgical route for processing these ores using alkaline leaching for the extraction of Zn, Cu, and Pb in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, has been investigated. The factors affecting the efficiency of the alkaline leaching of the used ore including the reagent composition, reagent concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, and Solid /Liquid ratio, have been investigated. It was noted that the sulfide mineralization consists mainly of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, galena and bornite. Gold is detected as rare, disseminated crystals within the gangue minerals. Under supergene conditions, secondary copper minerals (covellite, malachite, chrysocolla and atacamite) were formed. The maximum dissolution efficiencies of Cu, Zn, and Pb at the optimum leaching conditions i.e., 250 g/L NaCO₃ - NaHCO₃ alkali concentration, for 3 hr., at 250 ℃, and 1/5 Solid/liquid (S/L) ratio, were 99.48 %, 96.70 % and 99.11 %, respectively. An apparent activation energy for Zn, Cu and Pb dissolution were 21.599, 21.779 and 23.761 kJ.mol^-1, respectively, which were between those of a typical diffusion-controlled process and a chemical reaction-controlled process. Hence, the diffusion of the solid product layer contributed more than the chemical reaction to control the rate of the leaching process. High pure Cu(OH)₂, Pb(OH)₂, and ZnCl₂ were obtained from the finally obtained leach liquor at the optimum leaching conditions by precipitation at different pH. Finally, highly pure Au metal was separated from the mineralized massive sulfide via using adsorption method.