• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.2009-2016
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• 2020

A nuclear power plant is a large complex system with tens of thousands of components. To ensure plant safety, the early and accurate diagnosis of abnormal situations is an important factor. To prevent misdiagnosis, operating procedures provide the anticipated symptoms of abnormal situations. While the more severe emergency situations total less than ten cases and can be diagnosed by dozens of key plant parameters, abnormal situations on the other hand include hundreds of cases and a multitude of parameters that should be considered for diagnosis. The tasks required of operators to select the appropriate operating procedure by monitoring large amounts of information within a limited amount of time can burden operators. This paper aims to develop a system that can, in a short time and with high accuracy, select the appropriate operating procedure and sub-procedure in an abnormal situation. Correspondingly, the proposed model has two levels of prediction to determine the procedure level and the detailed cause of an event. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the developed model, with results demonstrating high levels of performance. The model is expected to reduce the workload of operators in abnormal situations by providing the appropriate procedure to ultimately improve plant safety.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.146-152
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• 1995

A mucogingival grafting procedure has been developed to cover denuded root surfaces. The subepithelial connective tissue graft is composed of a free connective tissue graft and an overlying pedicle graft. The source of connective tissue graft were trap door approach and thining of a full thickness palatal flap. The purpose of this study was compare a two different connective tissue obtaining method. In this study, where palatal pocket was present, pocket elimination was performed, and the tissue normally discarded after thinning of the palatal flap was used as a grafting material. The results were as follows : 1. The mean difference between trap door approach and thinning procedure for root coverage were $2.1{\pm}O.lmm$, $2.2{\pm}O.2mm$. 2. The mean difference between trap door approach and thinning procedure for pocket depth change were $O.2{\pm}O.lmm$, $O.2{\pm}O.2mm$. 3. The mean difference between trap door approach and thinning procedure for attachment gain were $2.1{\pm}O.2mm$, $2.4{\pm}O.2mm$. 4. The esthetics in recipient site, both color match and tissue contour, were acceptable to the patient in all cases. 5. Therefore, thinning procedure were similar to trap door approach in root coverage effect.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.307-310
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• 2002

The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate a good results of a second operation, the Waffle procedure, in a patient who did not improve following pericardiectomy. Incomplete parietal pericardiectomy, myocardial fiber atrophy, and unexpected restrictive cardiomyopathy can be considered when the patient\`s symptom does not improve after pericardiectomy is carried out. Constrictive epicarditis is always ruled out. In our case, the patient having constrictive pericarditis combined with pericardial effusion received a pericardiectomy. However, hemodynamics and symptoms of the patient following the operaltion did not improve. However, we experienced a good result following a second operation., the Waffle procedure.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.270-279
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• 2001

Since most program execution time is spent in the loop structure, extracting parallelism from sequential loop programs hale been focused. But, most programs hare implicit parallelism of interprocedure. This paper presents a generalized Parallelism extraction in loop\ulcorner with procedure calls. Most parallelization of loops with Procedure calls just focus on the uniform code which data dependency distance is constant. We presents algorithms which can be applied with uniform code, nonuniform code, and complex code. The proposed algorithm, loop extraction, loop embedding and procedure cloning transformation methods evaluate using CRAY-T3E. The result of performance evaluation is that proposed algorithm is an effect.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1999

The introduction of general purpose machining centers and the information system based on computer network has added a new control problem to the classical job shop control problems: a routing problem. A routing problem is to determine the machine on which a part will be processed. The modern manufacturing systems are given much system status information including the arrival time of the future parts via the computer network for automation. This paper presents and tests the performance of a routing procedure, LARP(Look-Ahead Routing Procedure) which uses look-ahead information on the future arrival of parts in the system. The manufacturing system considered in this paper has multi-stations which consists of general purpose machines and processes parts of different types. The application of LARP under many operating conditions shows that the reduction of part flow time and tardiness from the cases without using this information is up to 8% for flow time and 21% for tardiness. The procedure introduced here can be used for many highly automated systems such as an FMS and a semi-conductor fabrication system for routing where the arrivals of parts in the near future are known.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.89-92
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• 2003

It is often that a large-scale linear programming(LP) problem may contain many constraints which are redundant or cause infeasibility on account of inefficient formulation or some errors in data input. Presolving or preprocessing is a series of operations which removes the underlying redundancy or detects infeasibility in the given LP problem. It is essential for the speedup of an LP system solving large-scale problems to implement presolving techniques. For the recovery of an optimal solution for the original problem from an optimal solution for the presolved problem, a special procedure, so called postsolving, must be applied. In this paper, we present how a postsolving procedure is constructed and implemented in LPABO, a interior-point based LP system. Briefly, all presolving processes are logged in a data structure in LPABO, and after the end of the solution method an optimal solution for the original problem is obtained by tracing the logs. In each stage of the postsolving procedure, the optimality of intermediate solutions is maintained. We tested our postsolving procedure on Netlib, Gondzio and Kennington LP data sets, and concluded that the computational burden of the procedure is relatively negligible compared with the total solving time.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.495-508
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• 1994

A backcalculation procedure to determine the layer moduli of flexible pavement structure is developed using matrix solution technique. Forward calculation computer program adopted in this backcalculation procedure is SINELA which is one of layered elastic computer programs. Data base system is used as a tool for setting initial seed moduli and depth to virtual bedrock in backcalculation procedure. The validity and applicability of the proposed backcalculation procedure are verified through various numerical model tests. From the results of comparison analysis with FPEDD1, it is found that the proposed procedure gives more efficient and accurate results.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.195.2-195.2
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• 2011

The borehole heat exchanger of Geothermal Heat Pump (GHP) system should be sustainable and cost effective for long term operation. To guaranty the performance of the system thermal Response Tests (TRTs) with simple recommended procedures have been applied in many countries. Korea government developed a standard TRT procedure in order to control the quality on GHP projects. In the TRT procedure interpretation method has a rule that data set has to be interpreted by the line source model(LSM). The LSM employes some assumptions that surrounding medium is homogeneous and the line source is infinite and constant heat flux, however real ground condition is unisotropic and heterogeneous, and showing regional or local ground water flows in many cases. We need to develope improved evaluation models to estimate accurate ground thermal conductivity with respect to geological and influence of ground water because current TRT standard test procedure has limitations to be applied for every locations and system. This study surveyed the uncertainty of the thermal parameters from the interpretation method considering different evaluation period. The interpretation of 208 TRT data sets represents limitations of LSM application that some obtained ground thermal conductivities are statistically unstable and convergence time of ground thermal conductivity over test period shows trends responding the length of test period. This evaluation study will be helpful to provide some effective procedure for the thermal parameter estimation and to complement current TRT standard procedure.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-151
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• 2012

This paper presents an analytical procedure for the analysis of high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete members considering the cracking effect in the serviceability loading range. Modifications to a previously proposed formula for the effective moment of inertia are presented. Shear deformation effect is also taken into account in the analysis, and the variation of shear stiffness in the cracked regions of members has been considered by reduced shear stiffness model. The effect of steel fibers on the behavior of reinforced concrete members have been investigated by the developed computer program based on the aforementioned procedure. The inclusion of steel fibers into high strength concrete beams and columns enhances the effective moment of inertia and consequently reduces the deflection reinforced concrete members. The contribution of the shear deformation to the total vertical deflection of the beams is found to be lower for beams with fibers than that of beams with no fibers. Verification of the proposed procedure has been confirmed from series of reinforced concrete beam and column tests available in the literature. The analytical procedure can provide an accurate and efficient prediction of deflections of high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete members due to cracking under service loads. This procedure also forms the basis for the three dimensional analysis of frames with steel fiber reinforced concrete members.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.163-185
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• 2013

The use of post-compressed plates (PCP) to strengthen preloaded reinforced concrete (RC) columns is an innovative approach for alleviating the effects of stress-lagging between the original column and the additional steel plates. Experimental and theoretical studies on PCP-strengthened RC columns have been presented in our companion papers. The results have demonstrated the effectiveness of this technique for improving the strength, deformability and ductility of preloaded RC columns when subjected to axial or eccentric compression loading. An original and comprehensive design procedure is presented in this paper to aid engineers in designing this new type of PCP-strengthened RC column and to ensure proper strengthening details for desirable performance. The proposed design procedure consists of five parts: (1) the estimation of the ultimate load capacity of the strengthened column, (2) the design of the initial pre-camber displacement of the steel plate, (3) the design of the vertical spacing of the bolts, (4) the design of the bearing ends of the steel plates, and (5) the calculation of the tightening force of the bolts. A worked example of the design of a PCP-strengthened RC column is shown to demonstrate the application of the proposed design procedure.