• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.5B
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• pp.260-267
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• 2008

As pervious the SAR(Security Aware Routing)[10] protocol is an secure Ad Hoc network protocol that finds a secure path, it is the security routing protocol that uses the security level of nodes as the routing information. However, the SAR protocol sometimes transfers data through inefficient transmission paths because it always tries to find secure nodes for a safe transmission. Since it is a protocol based on AODV[6], it will cause transmission delay as researching of security routing path. when a node is out of the data transmission range as its battery dying or movement. Although it is possible to connection of nodes because a characteristic of the SAR protocol, the connection is not easy to reconnect when the security level of intermediate node is lower than the level requested by a source node. In this paper, we suggest the MP-SAR based on the SAR to solve the SAR protocol's problem. The MP-SAR seeks multiple secure path for maintenance of data confidentiality using the expanded secure path detection techniques based on the SAR. It can transfer data quickly and reliably by using the shortest efficient path among multiple paths. In the research result, we proved a outstanding performance of MP-SAR than the previous SAR through comparison and analysis.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2005

The electronic nose (e-nose) has been used in food industry and quality controls in plastic packaging. Recently it finds its applications in medical diagnosis, specifically on detection of diabetes, pulmonary or gastrointestinal problem, or infections by examining odors in the breath or tissues with its odor characterizing ability. Moreover, the use of portable e-nose enables the on-site measurements and analysis of vapors without extra gas-sampling units. This is expected to widen the application of the e-nose in various fields including point-of-care-test or e-health. In this study, a PDA-based portable e-nose was developed using micro-machined gas sensor array and miniaturized electronic interfaces. The rich capacities of the PDA in its computing power and various interfaces are expected to provide the rapid and application specific development of the diagnostic devices, and easy connection to other facilities through information technology (IT) infra. For performance verification of the developed portable e-nose system, Six different vapors were measured using the system. Seven different carbon-black polymer composites were used for the sensor array. The results showed the reproducibility of the measured data and the distinguishable patterns between the vapor species. Additionally, the application of two typical pattern recognition algorithms verified the possibility of the automatic vapor recognition from the portable measurements. These validated the portable e-nose based on PDA developed in this study.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2006

The typical blasting method adopted in Pasir Coal Mine is a surface blasting technique with a single free face. It means that there is only one free face, which is usually the ground surface. This kind of blasting method is easy to use but inevitably causes enormous ground vibrations, which, in turn, can affect the stability of the slopes comprising the various boundaries of the open pit mine. In addition, the method also has the problem of lowering the overall blast efficiency compared to other methods such as bench blasting methods or ones with more than two free faces. In this respect, a project was launched to develop a new blasting method that is suitable for both controling the ground vibration and enhancing the blast efficiency. As a part of the project, we investigated the current blasting method of the mine, and have conducted field measurements of the ground vibrations from 12 biasts. This Paper presents the details of the typical blasting pattern and the Propagation characteristics of the ground vibration from the surface blasting in the mine. Especially, various predictive equations for peak Particle velocities that can be used to estimate the ground vibration level in the mine area were derived from the regression analyses using the measured ground vibration data.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.193-210
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• 2009

This research were to develop and apply an educational program for 6th grade students in mathematics by using level orientated teaching method and to make an analysis of their effects on students' mathematics learning achievements and mathematical disposition. Those purposes is following: First, we develop the level orientated teaching method that fits to the low level and high level students and analyze the effect on students' mathematics learning achievements. Second, we analyze the effect on students' mathematical disposition by using level orientated teaching method. The biggest problem of applying level orientated teaching method is that all the groups should do the meaningful activity while just one group is on process. So we tried to keep the proposition that level orientated teaching method should be helpful to both high and low level students. The duration of the research was about 8 weeks from march 2 to may 22 and the level orientated mathematics program consists in lesson 1 "a fraction and a decimal" to lesson 3 "The range of numbers". The results of this study are as follows : First, there was significant effect to the students, develop level orientated mathematics program and using that program. Second, there was an affirmative effect to the students about mathematical disposition using level orientated mathematics program. To sum up conclusion of this study, the level orientated mathematics program has an affirmative effect on mathematics learning achievements and mathematical disposition. We expect further research about level orientated teaching method and use effective level orientated teaching method widely.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

This study aims to analyse the research trend of the participants in Emotional Science in Korea and to suggest a desirable direction of research. I analysed the 1,262 articles published in Korean Journal of the Science of Emotion and Sensibility from 2000 to 2011 according to fields of study and keywords. The findings from the study are as follows. In the fields of study regarding Clothing Design, Psychology, Medicine, Visual Media, Brain Science they are still the top rated categories amongst participants. With the participation of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics they have shown a meaningful difference depending on governmental support such as G7 Project. The problem with Industrial Design is that the majority of studies have been performed alone, and they have many keywords which are not related with Emotional Science. However, 31 new fields of study have been added to the research making the findings more desirable considering that Emotional Science is typical interdisciplinary filed of study. I hope that this study will provide basic data which can be used to promote the interdisciplinary research between the different fields of study in order to generate significant synergy.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.489-508
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• 2016

Number and operation is the most basic and crucial part in elementary mathematics but is also well known as a part that students have lots of difficulties. A lot of researches have been done in various ways to solve this problem but it can't be solved fundamentally by emphasizing calculation method and skill. So we need to go over it in terms of relevant arithmetical thinking. This study aims to diagnose the cause of an underachiever's difficulties about arithmetic and finds a prescription for her by analyzing her level of arithmetical thinking based on Guberman(2014) and understanding about arithmetic. To achieve this goal, we chose an 6th grader who's having a hard time particularly in number and operation among mathematics strands and conducted a case study carrying out arithmetical thinking level tests on two separate occasions and analyzing her responses. As a result of analyzing data, her arithmetical thinking corresponded to Guberman's first level and it is also turned out that student is suffering from some arithmetic concepts. We suggest several implications for teaching of arithmetic at elementary school in terms of the development of arithmetical thinking based on analysis result and discussion about it.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2002

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important public health problem throughout the world. Many important questions remain to be addressed in assessing exposure to these compounds. Because they are ubiquitous and highly volatile, special techniques must be applied in the analytical determination of VOCs. Personal exposure measurements are needed to evaluate the relationship between microenvironmental concentrations and actual exposures. It is also important to investigate exposure frequency, duration, and intensity, as well as personal exposure characteristics. In addition to air monitoring, biological monitoring may contribute significantly to risk assessment by allowing estimation of absorbed doses, rather than just the external exposure concentrations, which are evaluated by environmental and personal monitoring. This study was conducted to establish the analytic procedure of VOCs in air, blood, urine and exhaled breath and to evaluate the relationships among these environmental media. The subjects of this study were selected because they are occupationally exposed to high levels of VOCs. Environmental, personal, blood, urine and exhalation samples were collected. Purge ＆ trap, thermal desorber, gas chromatography and mass selective detector were used to analyze the collected samples. Analytical procedures were validated with the“break through test”, 'quot;recovery test for storage and transportation”,“method detection limit test”and“inter-laboratory QA/QC study”. Assessment of halogenated compounds indicted that they were significantly correlated to each other (p value < 0.01). In a similar manner, aromatic compounds were also correlated, except in urine sample. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationships between personal exposures and environmental concentrations. These relationships for aromatic and halogenated are as follows: Halogen $s_{personal}$ = 3.875+0.068Halogen $s_{environmet}$, ($R^2$= .930) Aromatic $s_{personal}$ = 34217.757-31.266Aromatic $s_{environmet}$, ($R^2$= .821) Multiple regression was used to evaluate the relationship between exposures and various exposure deter-minants including, gender, duration of employment, and smoking history. The results of the regression model-ins for halogens in blood and aromatics in urine are as follows: Halogen $s_{blood}$ = 8.181+0.246Halogen $s_{personal}$+3.975Gender ($R^2$= .925), Aromatic $s_{urine}$ = 249.565+0.135Aromatic $s_{personal}$ -5.651 D.S ($R^2$ = .735), In conclusion, we have established analytic procedures for VOC measurement in biological and environmental samples and have presented data demonstrating relationships between VOCs levels in biological media and environmental samples. Abbreviation GC/MS, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer; VOCs, Volatile Organic Compounds; OVM, Organic Vapor Monitor; TO, Toxic Organicsapor Monitor; TO, Toxic Organics.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.33-47
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• 2010

The growth of IT technology and the popularity of network based information sharing increase the number of digital contents in military area. Thus, there arise issues of finding suitable public information with the growing number of long-term preservation of digital public information. According to the source of raw data and the time of compilation may be variable and there can be existed in many correlations about digital contents. The business service ontology makes knowledge explicit and allows for knowledge sharing among information provider and information consumer for public digital archive engaged in improving the searching ability of digital public information. The business service ontology is at the interface as a bridge between information provider and information consumer. However, according to the difficulty of semantic knowledge extraction for the business process analysis, it is hard to realize the automation of constructing business service ontology for mapping from unformed activities to a unit of business service. To solve the problem, we propose a new business service auto-acquisition method for the first step of constructing a business service ontology based on Enterprise Architecture.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 1999

Improving the design ability of idea developing and creative problem solving should be started from the primary school. Design education in the primary school should be not education for design but education by design. It helps students can naturally understand the basic concept of design and experience the process of activities. Therefore primary educational circle use the term of 'Design-related activities', or 'Design-Based Education'. It can be applied to variable themes of mathematics, science, music, society as well as Art. On the Basis of these literature review, the traditional design education as a part of the art education is analyzed in two aspects of its contents and behaviors. The contents in design education involve aesthetic·symbolic, useful·functional, and scientific·technological area. And, the basic design behaviors are classified with 'know', 'perceive', 'inquire', and so on. This concept becomes the analytic frame of the present condition of design education in Korean primary school. Through the analysis, it is found that the portion of scientific·technological area in contents and 'inquire' related behaviors are relatively very low. Also, the planning and teaching methods for leading children's opportunity of creative expression are found inadequate. This study proposes the potential capability and the integrative contents of design education in primary school.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.254-260
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• 2017

The service life of civil infrastructure needs to be maintained or extended through appropriate inspections and maintenance planning, which results from the optimization process. A multi-objective optimization process can lead to more rational and flexible trade-off solutions rather than a single-objective optimization for the service life management of civil infrastructure. Recent investigations on the service life management of civil infrastructure were generally based on minimizing the life-cycle cost analysis and maximizing the structural performance. Various objectives for service life management have been developed using novel probabilistic concepts and methods over the last few decades. On the other hand, an increase in the number of objectives in a multi-objective optimization problem can lead to difficulties in computational efficiency, visualization, and decision making. These difficulties can be overcome using the objective reduction approach to identify the redundant and essential objectives. As a result, the efficiency in computational efforts, visualization, and decision making can be improved. In this paper, the multi-objective optimization using the objective reduction approach was applied to the service life management of concrete bridges. The results showed that four initial objectives can be reduced by two objectives for the optimal service life management.