• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2006

Flavanone 3$\beta$-hydroxylase (FHT) is an enzyme acting in the central part of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. FHT catalyses the hydroxylation of flavanone to dihydroflavonols in the anthocyanin pathway. In this paper we describe the cloning and expression of the genes encoding the flavonoid-biosynthetic enzyme FHT in Gypsophila paniculata L. A heterologous cDHA probe from Dianthus cavophyllus was used to isolate FHT-encoding cDHA clones from Gypsophila paniculata L.. Inspection of the 1471 bp long sequence revealed an open reading frame 1047 bp, including a 190 bp 5' leader region and 288 bp 3' untranslated region. Comparison of the coding region of this FHT cDHA sequence including the sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana, Citrus sinensis, Dianthus caryophyllus, Ipomoea batatas, Matthiola incana, Nierembergia sp, Petunia hybrida, Solanum tuberosum, Vitis vinifera reveals a identity higher than 69% at the nucleotide level. The function of this nucleotide sequences were verified by comparison with amino acid sequences of the amino-terminus and tryptic peptides from purified plant enzyme, by northern blotting with mRHA from wild type and mutant plants, by in vitro expression yielding and enzymatically active hydroxylase, as indicated by the small dihydrokaempferol peak. Genomic southern blot analysis showed the presence of only one gene for FHT in Gypsophila paniculata.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.441-450
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of elementary gifted students' argumentation and examine the special features of argumentation founded in scientific inquiry. 28 students were selected in the special education center for the gifted in K National University. They were organized 8 groups of 3~4 students and engaged in scientific inquiry activity. The researcher wasn't involved in students' inquiry activity and argumentation except for the guiding and introducing their activity. In the first session, each group carried out the experiment 'Putting a heated can in the water' and then, the students discussed to probe their experimental results and build their explanation. In the second session, each group presented their experiment results and evidence from their experiment justifying their claims, and had questions from other groups. The protocol data during 8 groups' argumentations were analyzed using 'Rubric for Scientific Argumentation Assessment' (Yang et al., 2009) in three domains- the form, content and attitude. As a result, in form domain, almost groups were rated 2 points due to their argument without rebuttal on the subcategory of 'composition', but they got a good grade above 3 points in subcategory such as 'claim', 'ground', and 'conclusion'. In content domain, almost groups got points above 3 points. In attitude domain, there were some striking contrast between each groups. Six groups got good score more than 4 points on the subcategory of openness, but two groups, they alleged and got score below 3 point. While the 6 groups of all got 4 points in the aspect of participation, 3 groups got 3 points lower than because they only just asserted and not interact with other groups. Throughout the argumentation, two features were found that; as time goes by, arguments were refined; Students tended to use their prior to knowledge rather than evidence such as experimental data in making claims and conclusions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2012

지표에서의 토양수분은 작은 구성비를 가짐에도 불구하고 여러 수문 현상을 연계하는 매우 중요한 인자로써 최근 관련 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 토양수분은 침투나 침루를 통하여 강우와 지하수를 연결하는 기능을 함과 동시에 강우사상에 따른 유출특성에 직접적인 영향을 미치며 증발산을 통하여 에너지 순환을 연결하는 중요한 기능을 한다. 토양수분을 측정하는 방법에는 세타 탐침(Theta Probe), 장력계, TDR(Time Domain Reflectrometry) 등이 이용되고 있으며, 광역 토양수분자료의 보다 정확한 공간 변동성의 관측을 위하여 항공원격탐사와 인공위성 원격탐사기술이 개발되어 적용되고 있다. 인공위성 영상은 자료의 분석이 간편하며, 공간자료이므로 공간 변화를 분석하는 데 있어 매우 편리하다. 그 중 MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 위성영상은 저해상도 영상으로 극궤도 위성인 Terra와 Aqua 위성에 장착되어 있으며, NASA에서 필요한 정보를 받아 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 유역의 물리적 지형자료와 같은 방대한 양의 자료 수집 없이도, 모형이 구축되면 인공위성자료와 강우자료만으로도 신뢰성 높은 결과를 단시간 내에 효율적으로 산정할 수 있는 자료 지향형 모형인 ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)를 사용하였다. 사용된 퍼지변수로는 시험유역의 토양수분 관측자료와 강수량 및 인공위성 자료인 MODIS NDVI(Normalize Difference Vegetation Index), MODIS LST(Land-Surface Temperature) 영상을 이용하였다. MODIS NDVI는 시간 해상도 8일, 공간해상도 250 인 Level 3 영상이며, MODIS LST는 시간 해상도 1일, 공간해상도 1 km인 Level 3 영상을 사용하였다. 위성자료를 사용하기 위해 Korea TM 좌표체계로 변환한 뒤, 토양수분 관측지점이 속한 각 셀의 속성값을 추출하였다. 위성자료와 수집된 자료 및 토양수분자료와의 관계를 분석하기 위하여 입력자료를 다양한 방법으로 구성하여 입력 변수를 생성하였다. 생성된 입력 변수와 ANFIS 모형을 연계하여 각각의 토양수분 산정모형을 구축하고 대상지점에 대한 토양수분을 산정 및 비교 분석하였다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.351-355
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• 1995

A truncated Polygalacturonase (PG) cDNA was fused in reverse orientation to the CaMV 35S promoter of the binary vector pCA643, and introduced into tomato cells by Agrobaderium - mediated transformation. Transformed cells were selected using kanamycin as select agent then regenerated into plants. After selfed, one transgenic line (T9), was germinated and grown on MS medium containing 1 mg/mL of kanamycin Genomic Southern analysis of a T9 progeny with labelled PG2 cDNA probe showed a single antisense PC fragment as well as the endogenous PG2 gene, suggesting that PC antisense gene was integrated into tomato genome. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the antisense RNA was produced from the transgene at much tiger level than the endogenous PG2 gene. Polygalacturonase activity analysis of the fruit from transgenic plants demonstrated that the antisense transgene expression caused 4 to 60% reduction of endogenous PG activity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.251-263
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• 1997

Background : The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis presents a significant challange to the treatment and control of tuberculosis, and there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms by which strains acquire multidrug resistance. Recent advances in molecular methods for the detection of M. tuberculosis genetic targets have approached the sensitivity of culture. Furthermore the prospect of determining resistance in mycobacteria at the nucleic acid level particulary to first-line drugs like rifampin, isoniazid has provided a glimps of the next generation of sensitivity test for M. tuberculosis. Previous studies in RMP resistant M. tuberculosis have shown that mutation in $\beta$subunit of RNA polymerase is main mechanism of resistance. Method : In this study, rpoB gene for the $\beta$subunit of RNA polymerase from M. tuberculosis of 42 cultured samples (32 were RMP resistant and 10 were sensitive cases) were isolated and characterised the mutations. Direct sequencing data were compared with the results of INNO-LiPA Line Probe Assay (LiPA, Innogenetics, Belgium), commercial RMP resistance detecting kit using reverse hybridization method. Results : All of the RMP resistant samples were revealed the presence of mutation by LiPA. In 22 samples (68.8%) out of 32 RMP resistant cases, the mutation types were confirmed by the positive signal at one of 4 mutation bands in the strip. The most frequent type was R5 (S531L) which were 17 cases (77.3%). Results of direct sequencing were identified the exact characteristics of 8 mutations which were not confirmed by LiPA. S522W type point mutation and 9 base pair deletion at codon 513~515 were new identified mutations for the first time. Conclusion : Mutations in rpoB gene is the main mechanism of RMP resistance in M. tuberculosis and LiPA is a very useful diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of RMP resistance in M. tuberculosis.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 1999

The recA gene plays a central role in genetic recombination and SOS DNA repair in Escherichia coli (E. coli). We have previously identified a 42 kDa RecA-like protein inducible by a variety of DNA damages from a fluorescent Pseudomonas strain sp. and characterized its inducible kinetics. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the gene encoding the RecA-like protein by immunological screening of Pseudomonas genomic expression library using polyclonal E. coli anti-RecA antibodies as a probe. From 10$^{5}$ plaques screened, five putative clones were finally isolated. Southern blot analysis indicated that four clones had the same DNA inserts and the recA-like gene was located within the 3.2 kb EcoRI fragment of Pseudomonas chromosomal DNA. In addition, the cloned recA-like gene was transcribed into an RNA transcript approximately 1.1 kb in size, as judged by Northern blot analysis. The cellular level of RNA transcript of the cloned recA-like gene was increased to an average of 5.15- fold upon treatment with DNA damaging agents such as ultraviolet (UV)- light, nalidixic acid (NA), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and mitomycin-C (MMC). These results suggest that the cloned gene is inducible by DNA damage similarly to the recA gene in E. coli. However, the cloned gene did not restore the DNA damage sensitivity of the E. coli recA-mutant.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.869-876
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• 2015

Wild relative species of domesticated crops are useful genetic resources for improving agronomic traits. Cytogenetic investigations based on chromosome composition provide insight into basic genetic and genomic characteristics of a species that can be exploited in a breeding program. Here, we used FISH analysis to characterize the ploidy level, chromosome constitution, and genomic distribution o f 5S and 4 5S r ibosomal DNA (rDNA) in four wild Cucurbitaceae species, namely, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. var. citroides L. H. Bailey (2n = 22), Melothria japonica Maxim. (2n = 22), Sicyos angulatus L. (2n = 24), and Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (2n = 66, 88, 110 cytotypes), collected in different areas of Korea. All species were diploids, except for T. kirilowii, which included hexa-, octa-, and decaploid cytotypes (2n = 6x = 66, 8x = 88, and 10x = 110). All species have small metaphase chromosomes in the range of $2-5{\mu}m$. The 45S rDNA signals were localized distally compared to the 5S rDNA. C. lanatus var. citroides and M. japonica showed one and two loci of 45S and 5S rDNA, respectively, with co-localization of rDNA signals in one M. japonica chromosome. S. angulatus showed two co-localized signals of 5S and 45S rDNA loci. The hexaploid T. kirilowii cytotype showed five signals each for 45S and 5S rDNA, with three being co-localized. This is the first report of hexaploid and decaploid cytotypes in T. kirilowii. These results will be useful in future Cucurbitaceae breeding programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2018

In order for the probe to perform ocean exploration and survey research, it is necessary to adjust the position of the ship as desired by dynamic positioning system. The dynamic positioning system of T/S NARA is applied to K-POS dynamic positioning system of Kongsberg, which makes maintaining the ship's position, changing position and heading control possible. T/S NARA is not capable of dynamic positioning if one or more propulsive forces are lost with DP Level One. However, it is predicted that dynamic positioning can be achieved even at the time of missing one thrust in a good sea condition. Therefore, we want to analyze the effect of each propulsion on the performance of dynamic position system. When one of the bow thruster and azimuth thrusters lost their propulsion, maintaining the ship's position, changing position and heading control performance were compared and analyzed. If the situation occurred disable from using the bow thruster, they can not maintain ship's position. Azimuth thruster was influential for the ship's position control and bow thruster was influential in heading control. The excellent dynamic positioning performance can be achieved, considering the propulsion power that will have a impact on each situation in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1993

Brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney and thymus etc. 12 organs were removed and homogenized from Dawley-Sprague rats after suffocation. After fractionation of the tissue cytosols, enzymatic activities of the key enzymes in metabolic inositol phosphates cycle, PLC, IPSK and Ins(1,4,5) P35-phosphatase, were measured respectively. Hybridoma monoclones producing anti-lP3K murine monoclonal antibodies were obtained by the fusion of SP2/Ag 0-14 and spleen cells of mouse immunized with purified 53KDa IPSK, screening and cloning procedures. 18 cloned hybridoma cells were obtained, background due to nonspecific binding was very low with 10 clones. These Abs were purified from ascitic fluids by using affi-gel 15, and determined subtype of Abs. When immunoreactivities for rat tissues IP3K were exercised by adding the mixed Abs of 19Gl and 19G2b, they showed an overall similarity with noncompetitive inhibition. Brain tissue has high sensitivity for anti-lP3K Ab, whereas heart tissue has very low activity. In kinetic parameters Km value was 1.58 mM and Vmx value was 5.41umol/min/ml, respectively Only one form of 40 KDa IPSK was detected in heart tissues, however rat brain contains at least three immunologically distinct IP3K (53, 51 and 40 KDa) in western blot analysis. Of them 53 KDa protein was major enzyme in enzymatic activity. Northern blot analysis with 32P-labeled CDNA probe which encodes 1.8 Kb IPSK gene was performed. These results suggest that IPSK are regulated at transcriptional level during rat tissue development.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

We have cloned a cDNA encoding a cysteine proteinase of the Acanthamoeba healui OC-3A strain isolated from the brain of a granulomatous amoebic encephalitis patient. A DNA probe for an A. healui cDNA library screening was amplified by PCR using degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed on the basis of conserved amino acids franking the active sites of cysteine and asparagine residues that are conserved in the eukaryotic cysteine proteinases. Cysteine proteinase gene of A. healui (AhCPI) was composed of 330 amino acids with signal sequence, a proposed pro-domain and a predicted active site made up of the catalytic residues, $Cys^{25},{\;}His^{159},{\;}and{\;}Asn^{175}$. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis indicates that AhCPI belong to ERFNIN subfamily of C 1 peptidases. By Northern blot analysis. no direct correlation was observed between AhCPI mRNA expression and virulence of Acanthamoeba, but the gene was expressed at higher level in amoebae isolated from soil than amoeba from clinical samples. These findings raise the possibility that AhCPI protein may play a role in protein metabolism and digestion of phagocytosed bacteria or host tissue debris rather than in invasion of amoebae into host tissue.