• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.5-34
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the policies for reducing private tutoring expenditure in Roh Mu Hyun and Lee Myeong Bak Government using Causal Loop analysis based on the Systems Thinking perspective. The results are as follows. First, high educational achievers receive more private tutoring than lowers and children who have rich parents have better chance to take private tutoring than the others. It reflects the social characteristics which emphasize the academic ability and educational background. Second, two governments implemented educational policies to control the private tutoring expenditure as balancing loops ; strengthening public education, providing after school programs and EBS KSAT teaching and improving the entrance exam of university. Third, they overlooked the unintended feedback loops coming from 1) incongruity between causes and countermeasures of shadow education 2) wrong perception of substitutional relationship between public education and shadow education 3) side effect of the policy increasing the weight of student record 4) problems of diversifying high schools 5) dilemma of easing the burden of testing through admission officer system. The conclusion is that policies of reducing the private education expenses have failed because two governments don't consider unintended Feedback Loops in the process of making education policies. So we have to make policies based on Systems Thinking and reducing private education expenses should not be the purpose of strengthening the public education.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.113-131
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• 2014

This study aimed to explore the effects of private tutoring expenses, parents' monitoring affection, their children's learning value and self-regulated learning abilities on middle-school boys' and girls' English Math academic achievement. The subjects were the 3rd middle-school 1,123 students taking the private tutoring of English and Math who participated in the Korea Child Youth Panel Surveys(KCYPS). The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlations and hierarchical regressions. The main results of this study were as follows. Firstly, regardless of middle-school students' sex, as monthly average private tutoring expenses were more, the levels of parents' monitoring, and their children's learning value self-regulated learning abilities were higher, so middle-school students' academic achievement was higher. Secondly, regardless of middle-school students' sex, their self-regulated learning abilities were the highest predictors of English Math achievement. Also, their learning value and parents' monitoring influenced middle-school boys' English Math achievement in order. On the other hand, monthly average private tutoring expenses influenced middle-school girls' English Math achievement. Furthermore there were no moderating effects of parents' monitoring affection, their children's learning value and self-regulated learning abilities between monthly average private tutoring expenses and middle-school boys' and girls' English Math achievement. Finally, based on the results, the importance of parents and Home Economics was suggested in attaining middle-school students' higher academic achievement. Especially, Home Economics can play an important role of enhancing middle-school students' self-regulated learning abilities and learning value necessary for middle-school students' higher academic achievement.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

This study examined patterns and determinants of families’supplementary educational investment on children. By supplementary educational investment, it meant the amounts of money spent on children’s education other than regular formal schooling expenses. The data used were from the 「1996 Household Expenditure Survey」conducted by the National Statistical Office. The statistical methods employed were descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and logistic multiple regression analysis. Results of cluster analysis revealed five different patterns of family supplementary education expense with relatively even proportion of families allocated to each pattern. The five education expenditure patterns were arts education dominant; other education dominant; gymnastics·clerical·computer education dominant; college entrance exam preparation dominant; and private tutoring dominant. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that the possibility of being in a pattern affected by various family socioeconomic variables. Important factors affecting there patterns were children’s schooling stage, residence, and mother’s education.