• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.16
• /
• pp.97-146
• /
• 2007

Those days when people used paper to make up and manage all kinds of documents in the process of their jobs are gone now. Today electronic types of documents have replaced paper. Unlike paper documents, electronic ones contribute to the maximum job efficiency with their convenience in production and storage. But they too have some disadvantages; it's difficult to distinguish originals and copies like paper documents; it's not easy to examine if there is a change or damage to the documents; they are also prone to alteration and damage by the external influences in the electronic environment; and electronic documents require enormous amounts of workforce and costs for immediate measures to be taken according to the changes to the S/W and H/W environment. Despite all those weaknesses, however, electronic documents increasingly account for more percentage in the current job environment thanks to their job convenience and efficiency of production costs. Both the government and private sector have made efforts to come up with plans to maximize their advantages and minimize their risks at the same time. One of the methods is the Authorized Retention Center which is described in the study. There are a couple of prerequisites for its smooth operation; they should guarantee the legal validity of electronic documents in the administrative aspects and first secure the reliability and authenticity of electronic documents in the technological aspects. Responding to those needs, the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy and the Korea Institute for Electronic Commerce, which were the two main bodies to drive the Authorized Retention Center project, revised the Electronic Commerce Act and supplemented the provisions to guarantee the legal validity of electronic documents in 2005 and conducted researches on the ways to preserve electronic documents for a long term and secure their reliability, which had been demanded by the users of the center, in 2006. In an attempt to fulfill those goals of the Authorized Retention Center, this study researched technical standard for electronic record information package of the center and applied the ISO 14721 information package model that's the standard for the long-term preservation of digital data. It also suggested a process to produce and manage information package so that there would be the SIP, AIP and DIP metadata features for the production, preservation, and utilization by users points of electronic documents and they could be implemented according to the center's policies. Based on the previous study, the study introduced the flow charts among the production and progress process, application methods and packages of technical standard for electronic record information package at the center and suggested some issues that should be consistently researched in the field of records management based on the results.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.67-85
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this consideration is to present fundamental data for understanding and development the historical approach of Korea Protection by re-examining Royal guarding system through the history in Early Chosun Dynasty. This paper initiated from this critical mind seeking to understand the changing phase of Korea Guarding system, and fundamentally to find the future-oriented ways for the Guarding system. The main materials of history in Early Chosun Dynasty were re-examined, investigated and analyzed and the main references are a code of laws and official as well as private documents such as Kukjo-Oreyeui. Guards system for Royal prince has been found in Byung-jeon of Kyungguk-daejon. he Guards organization has dual system, one was Gumgun which was a private military man and the other was Wuibyung which was a Central military man. On the contrary, central military man were normally protected the royale palaces, but when the King come and go they accompanied and protected the King in safety zone. But just in case they did a job as a member of capital protection military affairs. A question of finance was the reason why there had been dual protection system due to financial matter. If it increased number of man it would pay much money, therefore central military man who has no relevance to national finance were supplied as members of military affairs for the protection of king.

• Journal of KIBIM
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2015

Recently, BIM has been widely applying in civil engineering projects centering on the private construction industry in order to establish self guidelines for spreading in practice. However, most BIM technologies and software are based on the architectural projects. In these environments, it is not easy to apply the BIM to a infrastructure field. Even BIM standards with IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) are also focusing on architectural projects. Especially, both private and public sectors do not know about how BIM delivery system should be performed, and how such deliverable should be submitted to the government yet. Thus, we need to analyze an application level of BIM S/W (Software) in real projects and verify their interoperability. Besides, since there are not any common standards that can exchange IFC models for civil engineering projects, we have many issues in converting as-built infrastructure models into IFC and delivering their design documents to the government. Accordingly, this study aims to perform a BIM process with commercial software for real road project after a detailed design process is finished and verify interoperability between diverse BIM software for securing BIM data reliability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.385-393
• /
• 2021

This study investigates the effect of infrastructure, economic sectors and its status, foreign direct investment and private investment, as well as the role of political stability in enhancing the tourism demand in the ASEAN region. The research collected the secondary data from the World Bank database and the UNWTO website of 10 ASEAN countries over 17 years from 2000 to 2016. Applying the generalized method of moments, this research found that, "private investment", "economic sectors", "exchange rate and infrastructure measured by "using of the internet" can increase the tourism demand of a country in the ASEAN region. This research provided evidence indicating that the "foreign direct investment" and "inflation" are two detrimental factors for tourist attraction. The major finding confirmed the positive role of "political stability" in increasing tourist arrivals. First, attracting tourists to a country always poses many challenges to its government. It has been observed in the past decades that though there were many documents, which confirmed that industry can help in promoting tourism, very few studies investigated the role of both agriculture and manufacturing sectors in tourism promotion. Secondly, there are only a few studies which verifies the stability of the political system to the tourism demand in the ASEAN region and that this variable (political stability) has the strongest impact.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2020

In Korea, local government officials are in charge of buildings, and as such are supposed to review submitted documents related to the architectural administration to ensure that they comply with the legal standards. However, these officials generally put a greater emphasis on the preparation of the set of documents required for the administrative work than the content the documents contain. For this reason, many experts point out that the shortage of officials specialized in buildings and construction, as well as the lack of expertise among the building officials in the local governments, may result in repeated safety accidents during building construction. The purpose of this study is to propose the operational direction of a Regional Building Safety (RBS) center to secure the performance and safety of buildings by utilizing private resources. In this study, we carried out a pilot project to verify the effects of an RBS center and to derive the specific number of experts required. As a result, the technical matters were resolved in approximately 15% of the total cases of the document processing procedure, and the level of technical specialization among the officers has also been improved through the provision of guidance. The research findings support the validity and effects of the introduction of the RBS center. Finally, this study proposes (1) the types of RBS Centers that should be established, (2) the roles and business scope of the RBS Center, (3) the specific number of experts required, (4) the qualifications of the experts, and (5) the business regulations of the RBS Center.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.125-147
• /
• 2011

Considering a trend of logistics and transport industry in these days, it can be said that international express courier service is one of the most familiar transport type to the general public. Especially in Korea, due to development of electronic commercial transaction and the popularity of television home shopping, it can easily anticipated that express courier business will continuously grown in the future. However, the legal basis for international express courier is not properly set up so far. The only clause about this can be found on Korean Aviation Law said as 'commercial documents delivery business'. The origin of the commercial documents delivery business in Aviation Law is to make exception from public postal services which has been exclusive status as monopoly based on the Korean Postal Law. Basically, according to this regulation, all the private postal delivery is prohibited except some sort of commercial documents such as consignment notes, packing list, invoice etc. Thus, those documents could be delivered not only by public postal services but also by private courier company according to the Korean Postal Law. This waiver has probably come from under developing condition of Korean postal circumstances, however it should be revised according to the modernized business practice. Reflecting these revisions, the articles of Korean Postal Law adopted 'international express courier document' as the exception of postal service. Therefore, Korean Aviation Law also needs to be revised as Postal Law in due course. In addition to revision of Korean Aviation Law, some sort of new legislation is required to govern the private legal aspects such as legal liabilities, duties and rights of each parties on international express courier. This should be governed by 'law' not by 'terms and conditions' provided by business operators. Furthermore, to support and develop the current domestic logistics companies as international express courier company, it is required to regulate with the separate express courier law.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 2006

Since "Act on Private Participation in Infrastructure" were changed in January 2005, BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) projects of Private Participation In Infrastructure was introduced in the domestic construction market for the purpose of providing public facilities with the public. Selecting the most qualified Promoter should be considered discreetly in BTL projects because BTL projects is for projects with approximately thirty year project life cycle, plan, construction, operating, maintenance and obviously the success of the project totally depends on the capability and role of concessionaire. However, score for cost is likely to influence designating concessionaire to take the project. Accordingly, low bid contract with too much competition could decrease the quality of the construction plan and operating plan. Thus, this study did preliminary research and documents on problems of evaluation criteria for designating concessionaire in BTL projects, and proposed improvement program by doing questionnaire over specialists of each field.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.22
• /
• pp.91-111
• /
• 2010

Around the middle of the ninth century the strict bone-rank system of Silla frustrated many people who had political ambition but lacked nobility. They had to seek other ways, including maritime trade. Such an undertaking reflected and also increased their economic and military power. Trade prospered with T'ang China and with Japan as well. The threat of piracy to Silla's thriving maritime trade caused to create a succession of garrisons at important coastal points. Chonghae Jin (Chonghae garrison) was regarded as the most important of these. It was established in 828 by Chang Pogo. Chonghae Jin was on Wando, an island just east of the southwestern tip of Korea and a key place at this time in the trade between China, Korea, and Japan. From this vantage point Chang Pogo became a merchant-prince with extensive holdings and commercial interests in China and with trade contacts with Japan. Although piracy was rampant in East Asia at that time, either the Chinese or Silla government was not able to control it due to inner political strife and lack of policing resources. Infuriated by the piracy and the government's inability to control it, Chang Pogo came back to Silla to fight against the pirates and to protect maritime trade. He persuaded the king of Silla and was permitted to control the private armed forces to sweep away the pirates. In 829 he was appointed Commissioner of Chonghae-Jin with the mission of curbing piracy in that region. Chang's forces were created to protect people from pirates, but also developed into traders among Silla Korea, T'ang China, and Japan in the 9th century. This was geographically possible because the Chonghae Garrison was situated at the midpoint of Korea, China, and Japan, and also because Chang's naval forces actually dominated the East Asia Sea while patrolling sea-lanes. Based on these advantages, Chang Pogo made a great fortune, which might be collected from a charge for protecting people from pirates and the trades with China and Japan. Chang's forces could be termed the first private security company in the Korean history, at least in terms of historical documents. Based on historical documents, the numbers of private soldiers might be estimated to exceed tens of thousands at least, since Chang's forces alone were recorded to be more than ten thousand. Because local powers and aristocratic elites were said to have thousands of armed forces respectively, the extent of private forces was assumed to be vast, although they were available only to the privileged class. In short, the domination of Chang's forces was attributable to the decline of central government and its losing control over local powers. In addition it was not possible without advanced technologies in shipbuilding and navigation.

• STI Policy Review
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.66-86
• /
• 2016

This paper discusses government-backed venture capital as a science, technology and innovation (STI) policy instrument from the Chinese perspective. China aspires to overhaul its growth model by vigorously promoting technological innovation and entrepreneurship. Like many other countries, however, funding gaps constrain new technology ventures in the early stages of venture development. To plug this gap, China attempts to use government-backed venture capital as a policy instrument. Super-size central government-backed VCs were set up and dozens of similar schemes are in operation at local levels. This paper provides a case study of such government-backed venture capital schemes in China. It documents the background conditions explaining the country's need for public venture capital, describes the distinct features of program design in such schemes, and assesses the impact of government-backed venture capital.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.14 no.6 s.60
• /
• pp.51-63
• /
• 1999

IPSEC (Internet Protocol Security) is a network layer security protocol that is designed to support secure TCP/IP environment over the Internet considering flexibility, scalability, and interoperability. IPSEC primarily supports security among hosts rather than users unlike the other security protocols. Recently, IPSEC is emphasized as one of the important security infrastructures in the NGI (Next Generation Internet). It also has suitable features to implement VPN (Virtual Private Network) efficiently and its application areas are expected to grow rapidly. In this paper, the basic concepts and related standard documents of IPSEC will be introduced.