• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2012

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a term defining a mass characterized microscopically by a proliferation of bland mesenchymal spindle cells infiltrated by diffuse mixed inflammatory cells with a predominance of plasma cells and lymphocytes. Here, we show the primo vessel-like structure of the primo-vascular system (PVS) in a dog with IPT. A 6-years old male Mongrel dog was diagnosed with an abnormal mass (diameter 5.5 cm, weight 22 g) near left preputial area. The dog was submitted to the surgical detectomy of the mass. During the surgical operation, we observed primo vessel-like material. After fixations, the masses appeared macroscopically as lipoid-like, firm, white to grey masses, measuring $5{\times}8cm$. Histologically, cellular infiltration into the muscular layers was frequently seen. The mesenchymal proliferation remained the main component of the mass and was composed of myofibroblastic-like spindle cells characterized by globular, irregular nuclei containing open chromatin and a prominent nucleolus. On the basis of the histopathologic lesions, the subcutaneous mass was diagnosed as IPT. Also, we detected a primo vessel-like structures in some areas of the IPT tissues. These were observed as novel thread-like structures and bundle of tubular structures. To our knowledge, this report is the first case of primo vessel-like structure in a dog with IPT.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2012

Objectives : Primo vascular system is known to new circulatory system and suggested as a anatomical structure of meridian system. Primo-vessels are present throughout the whole body. The purpose of this study is to identify primo tissues taken from falciform ligament and to compare with organ surface primo tissue, blood vessel and lymph vessel. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8weeks old, 250~320g) used for this study. The medial line of the abdomen was dissected and searched for primo tissues in falciform ligament and on the internal organs using stereomicroscope. We performed serial cross section and histological investigations. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. Results : 1. The primo tissues attached on the falciform ligament had white color and length of 5~8mm. 2. We could observe primo tissues are classified with ligament tissues. 3. Histologically, primo tissue on falciform ligament and organ surface primo tissue could be considered same tissue. Conclusions : In this study, we observed primo tissue discovered on the falciform ligament. And we also histologically compared such discovered primo tissue with organ surface primo tissue. Consequently, we could consider that two tissues have histological similarity and possibility of connection in one network system.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2013

Objectives : The fact that Primo vessel as a new circulatory system exists in the lymphatic vessels of the rabbits which were treated with sound wave vibration therapy is confirmed with the anatomy of rabbit. Isolated Primo vessel is investigated, particularly focused on morphological features. Methods : Before the anatomy, a rabbit in a cage box was laid on the sound wave vibrating apparatus and then is applied by various frequencies and intensities for 30 min with music that a rabbit likes. Results : Isolation and observation of Primo vessel was easier when the lymphatic circular system was applied at a certain frequency and intensity of 7 Hz and 50. The probability of observation for Primo vessel enhanced to 90%. Conclusions : The sound wave therapy by a vibration apparatus is considered necessary as major process to facilitate the reproducible isolation and observation of Primo vessel.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.188-191
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• 2013

The magnetic properties for sanal's mobility inside of the lymphatic primo vascular system, the so-called Kyungrak (or meridian) system, are investigated under a low static magnetic field with the anatomy technology and optical microscope. One sanal with a size of 1 ${\mu}m$ under microscope selected and separated from the primo vessels of the primo vascular system are observed in rabbits' lymphatic vessels around abdominal aorta and placed in PBS solution with petridish. The moving displacement of sanal versus the measuring time of 20 Oe below a magnetic field of 80 Oe is stronger in dominanting dependence according to the x-direction than y-direction.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2011

Objectives : The Primo system is a hypothesis on the new circulation system. It orginates from Bonghan theory. Bonghan theory is about the anatomical substance of acupuncture point and meridian system. It has been regarded as a misunderstanding of the lymphatic system or as a made-up story for the past 40 years. Since 2002, many studies have been published either to support the theory or to refute the old viewpoint. But there are still difficulties about the proper sampling. The purpose of this study is to find out the discriminative criteria of Organ Surface Primo sytem by reviewing the Kim Bonghan's publications. Methods : Abstract of description about the Organ Surface Primo system in 5 publications of Kim Bonghan are weighted by the reverse order of publication. Results and Conclusions : 6 characters of anatomical structure and 11 characters of histological structure are founded as repeated descriptions. We hope that this summarized characteristics would be a good guide to Primo system experiments.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2011

해부학적 기술로 경락의 실체인 프리모 시스템 내에 존재하는 산알을 획득하여 운동 모습을 광학 현미경으로 분석하였고, 낮은 정자기장하에서 운동 특성을 조사하였다. 토끼 장기 표면으로부터 산알이 다량으로 몰려있는 프리모 소체 내에 약 1 ${\mu}m$ 정도 크기의 산알들을 선택 및 분리시켜, 패트리 디쉬 안에 PBS 용액과 산알을 담았다. 내부 온도 $38^{\circ}C$, 100 Oe 이하 일정한 외부 자기장에 평행방향과 수직방향으로 움직이는 산알의 운동속도를 관찰하였다. 평행방향 외부 자기장이 0 Oe에서 80 Oe까지 20 Oe 증가함에 따라 5개 산알 중 4개는 약 0.9 pixel/s의 평균속도로 감소하는 뚜렷한 경향성을 갖고 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 반면에 수직 방향으로 운동하는 산알의 경우, 외부 자기장이 없을 때와 비슷한 무작위로 운동함을 관찰하였다. 이러한 실험결과로부터 산알 핵 DNA내에 망간(Mn)과 코발트(Co) 등의 다량의 무기물을 함유하는 산알이 회전운동을 하면서 움직일 때, 외부 자기장을 인가함으로써 운동 특성을 약화시키는 자기적 특성이 있는 것으로 사료되었다.