• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.208-212
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• 2000

In order to develop a specific genetic marker for the Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), an arbitrarily-primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) analysis of 6 different cattle breeds was attempted. Eight different arbitrary primers, each longer than 20-mer nucleotides, were used. In comparison to the AP-PCR patterns, several distinctive DNA bands that are specific for a certain breed were detected. When the primer Kpn-X was employed, a 280bp DNA fragment was found to be specific only for Hanwoo. In an individual analysis of Hanwoo, this AP-PCR marker was observed in 123 head of cattle among the 153 that were tested (80.4%). Nucleotide sequencing revealed that this fragment has a short microsatellite sequence of tandem repeat, $A(G)_{1-2}\;(C)_{1-3}AGAG$. According to the analysis of AP-PCR band patterns, Hanwoo was discovered to be genetically most closely-related with Holstein among the various cattle breeds.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 1997

Higenamine was widely used as traditional remedy for the treatment of rhumatoid arthritis. Nitric oxide(NO) may be a critical mediator in this inflammatory disease. Synovial tissue from humans with inflammatory arthritis expresses NOS2(iNOS) mRNA and protein, and generates NO in vitro. We therefore, investigated the effect of higenamine on the induction of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) promoted by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Prophylactic application of higenamine selectively prevented LPS-primed initiation of L-arginine-induced relaxation and restored rhenylephrine(PE)-induced contraction in rat aorta. LPS-stimulated nitrite production in the incubation medium was reduced by higenamine. Furthermore, RT-PCR and Northern analysis indicated that higenamine reduced iNOS expression primed by LPS in rat aorta. These results suggest that higenamine prevents LPS-promoted induction of NOS in vascular smooth muscle.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2004

Many strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from pus samples from primary, secondary, and tertiary medical institutions and were subjected to an antibiotic sensitivity test. Ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, oxacillin penicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin and teicoplanin were used for the antibiotic sensitivity test. The strains showed hightest resistance to penicillin(91%), but all of strains tested were susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The isolated multi-drug(penicillin-tetracycline-ciprofloxacin-clindamycin-erythromycin- oxacillin-gentamicin) resistant S. aureus were analyzed genotypically using an AP-PCR(Arbitrarily Primed polymerase chain reaction) with an arbitrary 3 primers. Based on the result for genotype analysis, the genotypes identified by S1 primer did not coincide with those of S2 or E2 primers. Genotypes identified by S2 primer did not coincide with those of S1 or E2 primers. Also genotypes identified by the E2 primer did not coincide with those of S1 or S2 primers. Therefore, an analysis of AP-PCR test with multiple primers will provide more sensitive identification. A strain from a secondary medical institution and a strain from a tertiary medical institution which showed the same genotype for S1, S2, and E2 primers are required for further epidemiological study.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 1996

To establish whether or not androgens is responsible for the induction of vitellogenin(Vg) synthesis and secretion, primary hepatocytes prepared from immature eels were used. The results are follows: 1. Eel hepatocytes were prepared using a collagenase perfusion technique. The isolated cells attached efficiently to fibronectin-coated dishes and subsequently formed monolayers in serum-free medium. These cultures maintained in medium for 10 days with minimal cell loss. 2. Estradiol-17$\beta$(E2) alone was insufficient to induce Vg synthesis. The combination of E2 with methyltestosterone(MT) markedly stimulated Vg synthesis. High vg production occurred in MT concentration from 10-6~10-5M in the presence of E2 (10-6M). Testosterone and androsterone were also effective, but progesterone was not effective in inducing Vg synthesis. Neither MT alone nor testosterone and androsterone alone had any effect on Vg synthesis. 3. E2-primed hepatocytes showed Vg synthesis in both media with and without hormones 1 day after culture. In the cultures with the vehicle, MT, or progesterone, the rate of synthesis seemed to decrease with time. But the combination of E2 and MT showed an intense increase in Vg synthesis. Hepatocytes isolated from E2-primed eels also required androgens for continuating of Vg synthesis. 4. These results demonstrate that androgens act together with E2 in synthesis and secretion of eel Vg.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.321-326
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• 2000

To compare germinability of primed seeds with that of water imbibed and nonprimed seeds at different temperatures, percent germination, number of days to attain 50% of the final germination percentage (T50) and mean number of days to germination (MDG) were evaluated at various temperatures ranged from $10^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. Primed carrot seeds in -0.50 MPa PEG 8000 showed higher percent germination at $10^{\circ}C$ or $35^{\circ}C$. Reductions in T50 and MDG values were observed at all germination temperatures when primed with the PEG. The PEG combined with 100 mM $K_3PO_4$ was not as effective as the PEG alone in improving the germinability of carrot seeds. Nonprimed lettuce seeds germinated only 2% at $30^{\circ}C$ or $35^{\circ}C$. However, priming with 50 mM $K_3PO_4$ increased germination to 40% at $30^{\circ}C$ and to 21% at $35^{\circ}C$. In contrast to the single treatment of 50mM $K_3PO_4$, priming lettuce seeds in a mixture of 50mM $K_3PO_4$ and 200 mM $KH_2PO_4$ resulted in a lower percentage of germination, but a significant greater reduction of T50 and MDG. Percent germination was increased when 200 mM $KH_2PO_4$-primed onion seeds and 100 mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$-primed Welsh onion seeds were germinated at $10^{\circ}C$ or $35^{\circ}C$. Combined treatments with $Ca(NO_3)_2$ for onion and with $KH_2PO_4$ for Welsh onion seeds did not improve percent germination, but they significantly reduced T50 and MDG.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2008

Herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is an inflammatory disorder induced by HSV-1 infection and characterized by T cell-dependent destruction of corneal tissues. It is not known what triggers $CD4^+$ T cell migration into the stroma of HSV-1-infected corneas. The keratocyte is a fibroblast-like cell that can function as an antigen-presenting cell in the mouse cornea by expressing MHC class II and costimulatory molecules after HSV-1 infection. We hypothesized that chemokines produced by stromal keratocytes are involved in $CD4^+$ T cell infiltration into the cornea. We found that keratocytes produce several cytokines and chemokines, including MCP-1, RANTES, and T cell activation (TCA)-3. HSV-1 infection increased the production of MCP-1 and RANTES by keratocytes, and these acted as chemoattractants for HSV-1-primed $CD4^+$ T cells expressing CCR2 and CCR5. ExpreHerpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is an inflammatory disorder induced by HSV-1 infection and characterized by T cell-dependent destruction of corneal tissues. It is not known what triggers $CD4^+$ T cell migration into the stroma of HSV-1-infected corneas. The keratocyte is a fibroblast-like cell that can function as an antigen-presenting cell in the mouse cornea by expressing MHC class II and costimulatory molecules after HSV-1 infection. We hypothesized that chemokines produced by stromal keratocytes are involved in $CD4^+$ T cell infiltration into the cornea. We found that keratocytes produce several cytokines and chemokines, including MCP-1, RANTES, and T cell activation (TCA)-3. HSV-1 infection increased the production of MCP-1 and RANTES by keratocytes, and these acted as chemoattractants for HSV-1-primed $CD4^+$ T cells expressing CCR2 and CCR5. Expression of MCP-1 in the corneal stroma was confirmed in vivo. Finally, when HSV-1-primed $CD4^+$ T cells were adoptively transferred into wild type and MCP-1-deficient mice that had been sublethally irradiated to minimize chemokine production from immune cells, infiltration of $CD4^+$ T cells was markedly reduced in the MCP-1-deficient mice, suggesting that it is the MCP-1 from HSV-1-infected keratocytes that attracts $CD4^+$ T cells into the cornea.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

Background: It is well established that cross talk between natural killer (NK) cells and myeloid dendritic cells (DC) leads to NK cell activation and DC maturation. In the present study, we investigated whether type 1-polarized DC (DC1) matured in the presence of IFN-${\gamma}$ and type 2-polarized DC (DC2) matured in the presence of PGE2 can differentially activate NK cells. Methods: In order to generate DC, plastic adherent monocytes were cultured in RPMI 1640 containing GM-CSF and IL-4. At day 6, maturation was induced by culturing the cells for 2 days with cytokines or PGE2 in the presence or absence of LPS. Each population of DC was cocultured with NK cells for 24 h. The antigen expression on DC was analyzed by flow cytometry and cytokine production in culture supernatant was measured by ELISA or a bioassay for TNF-${\alpha}$ determination. NK cell-mediated lysis was determined using a standard 4h chromium release assay. Results: DC2, unlike DC1, had weak, if any, ability to induce NK cell activation as measured by IFN-${\gamma}$ production and cytolytic activity. DC2 were weakly stimulated by activated NK cells compared to DC1. In addition, IFN-${\gamma}$-primed mature DC appeared to be most resistant to active NK cell-mediated lysis even at a high NK cell/DC ratio. On the other hand, PGE2-primed DC were less resistant to feedback regulation by NK cells than IFN-${\gamma}$-primed mature DC. Finally, we showed that the differential effect of two types of DC population on NK cell activity is not due to differences in their ability to form conjugates with NK cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that different combinations of inflammatory mediators differentially affect the effector function of DC and, as a result, the function of NK cells, eventually leading to distinct levels of activation in adaptive immunity.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of chemicals and their concentrations, priming temperature and duration, and different germination temperature on germinability of salvia seeds. The highest percentage of germination was obtained with 50 or 100 mM $KH_2PO_4$, or with -0.50 or -0.75 MPa PEG 8000. When number of days to attain 50% of the final germination percentage (T50) and mean number of days to germination (MDG) were taken into account, 50 mM $KH_2PO_4$ or -0.50 MPa PEG was most effective for early germination. No seeds germinated when primed in $K_3PO_4$ or NaOH solution. Priming the seeds at $20^{\circ}C$ was better than priming at $15^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$. Priming at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4 or 6 days reduced the MDG by 2.3 days compared with nonprimed seeds. Seeds primed with -0.50 MPa PEG at $20^{\circ}C$ showed a high germination percentage with reduced T50 and MDG. When seeds were primed in a mixture of -0.50 MPa PEG and 50 mM $KH_2PO_4$ solution and germinated at $30^{\circ}C$ or $35^{\circ}C$, percent germination was lower than nonprimed seeds. However, the combined treatment retained the priming effect for reducing T50 and MDG.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (cP1P) is a synthetic chemical and has a structure like sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is known to promote cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and anti-apoptosis through hippocampal signals. However, S1P mediated cellular-, molecular mechanism is still remained in the lung. Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are characterized by excessive immune response, increased vascular permeability, alveolar-peritoneal barrier collapse, and edema. In this study, we determined whether cP1P primed human dermal derived mesenchymal stem cells (hdMSCs) ameliorate lung injury and its therapeutic pathway in ALI mice. Methods and Results: cP1P treatment significantly stimulated MSC migration and invasion ability. In cytokine array, secretion of vascular-related factors was increased in cP1P primed hdMSCs (hdMSC^cP1P), and cP1P treatment induced inhibition of Lats while increased phosphorylation of Yap. We next determined whether hdMSC^cP1P reduce inflammatory response in LPS exposed mice. hdMSC^cP1P further decreased infiltration of macrophage and neutrophil, and release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were reduced rather than naïve hdMSC treatment. In addition, phosphorylation of STAT1 and expression of iNOS were significantly decreased in the lungs of MSC^cP1P treated mice. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that cP1P treatment enhances hdMSC migration in regulation of Hippo signaling and MSC^cP1P provide a therapeutic potential for ALI/ARDS treatment.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.9.1-9.1
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• 2017