• 충청수학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.799-809
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• 2013

An ideal I of a local ring (R, m, k) is said to be m-full if there exists an element $x{\in}m$ such that Im : x = I. An ideal I of a local ring R is said to have the Rees property if ${\mu}$(I) > ${\mu}$(J) for any ideal J containing I. We study properties of m-full ideals and we characterize m-primary m-full ideals in terms of the minimal number of generators of the ideals. In particular, for a m-primary ideal I of a 2-dimensional regular local ring (R, m, k), we will show that the following conditions are equivalent. 1. I is m-full 2. I has the Rees property 3. ${\mu}$(I)=o(I)+1 In this paper, let (R, m, k) be a commutative Noetherian local ring with infinite residue field k = R/m.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.263-279
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• 2010

Teachers' personal knowledge (PK) is an element in their pedagogic-practical knowledge. This study exposes the PK of primary school mathematics teachers regarding solid geometry through reflection. Students are exposed to solid geometry on various levels, from kindergarten age and above. Previous studies attested to the fact that students encounter difficulties-strong dislike and fear engendered by geometry. A good number of teachers have strong dislike to solid geometry, as well. Therefore, those engaged in teaching the subject must address the problem and try to overcome these difficulties. In this paper we have introduced the reflective process among teachers in primary school, including application of Van-Hiele's theory to solid geometry.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to investigate on manufacturing Al-scrap into hypereutectic Al-Si alloy by using electromagnetic force. The Fe element in the aluminium scrap was controlled by intermetallic compound method and using EMF(electromagnetic force). The most lumped compound was found after 10min holding at $690^{\circ}C$. A number of segregated compound was revealed when imposed to EMF at 30A. The refinement of primary Si particles was achieved by EMF stirring. Primary Si particles were refined and spheroidized most of all with the magnetic intensity of 180G for 10 min.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1989년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.31-33
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• 1989

In this paper, a short primary-short secondary single-sided LIM which is used as a driving source for automatic conveyor system, is selected as a analysis model. And with a method for analyzing eddy current distribution and thrust force which are produced according to the relative position of primary and secondary, FEM in which current vector potential is introduced is adopted. Also, analysis results are compared with experimental results, so propriety of this at study is proved.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.239-242
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• 1999

Spindle cell carcinomas of the head and neck are unusual neoplasms that are histologically biphasic, having both squamous cell carcinoma and apparently malignant spindle cell or sarcomatous element. Controversy about the histogenesis of these tumors has resulted in various terminology ; sarcomatoid carcinoma, pseudosarcoma, carcinosarcoma, and spindle cell carcinoma. The clinical course and natural history of these tumors are also variable. We report a case of 64-year-old male who complained of a neck mass. The patient was treated with extended radical neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy, but the primary site of spindle cell carcinoma could not be found. We reviewed the clinical course, treatment, prognosis, and histogenesis of spindle cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.728-730
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• 1998

The control valve positioner is a high gain plain proportional controller which measures the valve stem position and compares it to its setpoint which is the primary controller output. The positioner in effect is the cascade slave of the primary controller. In order for a cascade slave to be effecttive, it must be fast enough compared to the speed of its set point change. This paper describes the positioner transfer function and its effect on the entire control loop characteristic based on the simulation results. The result showed that the control valve and positioner determined the gain and phase angle in the high frequency range, while the primary controller and process determined those of the low frequency range. We can also anticipate the combined characteristics in the whole frequency range when each element's frequency response is known.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.885-895
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• 1994

In this paper, we propose the one-Ampere conductor method which is able to calculate the flux distribution conceptually and easily, and the improved winding method which suppresses space harmonics of magnetormotive force and enhances the coefficient of utilization of primary iron core in tubular linear induction motor. We carry out no-load test to verify effectiveness of proposed method and analyze characteristics by finite element method. As a result, performances are improved and propriety of primary iron core is enhanced comparing with conventional model.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2014

The microarchitecture of trabecular bone plays a significant role in mechanical strength due to its load-bearing capability. However, the complexity of trabecular microarchitecture hinders the evaluation of its morphological characteristics. We therefore propose a new classification method based on static multiscale theory and dynamic finite element method (FEM) analysis to visualize a three-dimensional (3D) trabecular network for investigating the influence of trabecular microarchitecture on load-bearing capability. This method is applied to human vertebral trabecular bone images obtained by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) through which primary trabecular bone is successfully visualized and extracted from a highly complicated microarchitecture. The morphological features were then analyzed by viewing the percolation of load pathways in the primary trabecular bone by using the stress wave propagation method analyzed under impact loading. We demonstrate that the present method is effective for describing the morphology of trabecular bone and has the potential for morphometric measurement applications.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.315-334
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• 2015

This study's primary aim is to check the existence of a representative volume element for granular materials and determine the link between the properties (responses) of macro structures and the size of the discrete particle assembly used to represent a constitutive relation in a two-scale model. In our two-scale method the boundary value problem on the macro level was solved using finite element method, based on the Cosserat continuum; the macro stresses and modulus were obtained using a solution of discrete particle assemblies at certain element integration points. Meanwhile, discrete particle assemblies were solved using discrete element method under boundary conditions provided by the macro deformation. Our investigations focused largely on the size effects of the discrete particle assembly and the radius of the particle on macro properties, such as deformation stiffness, bearing capacity and the residual strength of the granular structure. According to the numerical results, we suggest fitting formulas linking the values of different macro properties (responses) and size of discrete particle assemblies. In addition, this study also concerns the configuration and displacement fluctuation of discrete particle assemblies on the micro level, accompanied with the evolution of bearing capacity and deformation on the macro level.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.335-352
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• 2021

Trace elements in the ocean have been known as essential micronutrients for the primary production of phytoplankton and the growth of marine organisms. The GEOTRACES program beginning in the mid-2000 provided a new understanding of the distribution, origin and behavior of trace elements in the ocean, together with the establishment of both clean seawater sampling and trace element analysis techniques. The Indian Ocean, one of the major oceans, is relatively the least explored area, despite playing an important role in global climate variability. Although trace element observations have recently been conducted in the Indian Ocean by Japanese-and Indian scientists, relatively not much study has been done compared to the Atlantic, Pacific and Polar Regions. Recently, together with the launch of R/V Isabu, a 5,000-ton grade large- and comprehensive research vessel, the observations of trace elements has been conducted in the Indian Ocean for the first time in Korea since 2018. In this paper, we introduce the key results of currently conducted GEOTRACES expedition in the Indian Ocean to present future trace element research directions in the Indian Ocean, and also reviewed the preliminary results in the Indian Ocean studies from Korea. In the 2020s, new Indian Ocean GEOTRACES projects are planned around European countries, and it is time for Korea to prepare for the next phase of the trace element study in the Indian Ocean in line with these international trends.