• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.301-309
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• 2015

Objectives: To investigate trends in the prevalence of allergic disease over a 9-year period. Methods: Using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data, the annual number of patients with allergic disease was obtained for each regional subdivisions (small cities, counties, and districts) from 2003 to 2011. Annual populations for each sub-region were obtained and used to calculate the standardized prevalence. To compare prevalence within the study period, data was standardized spatially and temporally. For standardization, demographic data was used to obtain the registered population and demographic structure for 2010, which was used to perform direct standardization of previous years. In addition, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to visualize prevalence for individual sub-regions, and allergic diseases were categorized into five groups according to prevalence. Results: The nationwide outpatient prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased approximately 2.3-fold, from 1.27% in 2003 to 2.97% in 2013, while inpatient prevalence also increased approximately 2.4-fold,. The outpatient prevalence of asthma increased 1.2-fold, and inpatient prevalence increased 1.3-fold. The outpatient prevalence of atopic dermatitis decreased approximately 12%, and inpatient prevalence decreased 5%. Conclusions: There was a large difference between prevalence estimated from actual treatment data and prevalence based on patients' self-reported data, particularly for allergic rhinitis. Prevalence must continually be calculated and trends should be analyzed for the efficient management of allergic diseases. To this end, prevalence studies using NHIS claims data may be useful.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6899-6903
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• 2013

Background: Prevalence is a statistic of primary interest in public health. In the absence of good follow-up facilities, it is difficult to assess the complete prevalence of cancer for a given registry area. Objective: An attempt was here made to arrive at complete prevalence including limited duration prevalence with respect to selected sites of cancer for India by fitting appropriate models to 1, 3 and 5 years cancer survival data available for selected population-based registries. Materials and Methods: Survival data, available for the registries of Bhopal, Chennai, Karunagappally, and Mumbai was pooled to generate survival for breast, cervix, ovary, lung, stomach and mouth cancers. With the available data on survival for 1, 3 and 5 years, a model was fitted and the survival curve was extended beyond 5 years (up to 35 years) for each of the selected sites. This helped in generation of survival proportions by single year and thereby survival of cancer cases. With the help of survival proportions available year-wise and the incidence, prevalence figures were arrived for selected cancer sites and for selected periods. Results: The prevalence to incidence ratio (PI ratio) stabilized after a certain duration for all the cancer sites showing that from the knowledge of incidence, the prevalence can be calculated. The stabilized P/I ratios for the cancer sites of breast, cervix, ovary, stomach, lung, mouth and for life time was observed to be 4.90, 5.33, 2.75, 1.40, 1.37, 4.04 and 3.42 respectively. Conclusions: The validity of the model approach to calculate prevalence could be demonstrated with the help of survival data of Barshi registry for cervix cancer, available for the period 1988-2006.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5681-5684
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• 2014

Objective: Prevalence is a statistic of primary interest in public health. In the absence of good follow-up facilities, it is often difficult to assess the complete prevalence of cancer for a given registry area. An attempt is made to arrive at the complete prevalence including limited duration prevalence with respect of selected sites of cancer for India by fitting appropriate models to 1, 3 and 5 year cancer survival data available for selected registries of India. Methodology: Cancer survival data, available for the registries of Bhopal, Chennai, Karunagappally, and Mumbai was pooled to generate survival for the selected cancer sites. With the available data on survival for 1, 3 and 5 years, a model was fitted and the survival curve was extended beyond 5 years (up to 30 years) for each of the selected sites. This helped in generation of survival proportions by single year and thereby survival of cancer cases. With the help of estimated survived cases available year wise and the incidence, the prevalence figures were arrived for selected cancer sites and for selected periods. In our previous paper, we have dealt with the cancer sites of breast, cervix, ovary, lung, stomach and mouth (Takiar and Jayant, 2013). Results: The prevalence to incidence ratio (PI ratio) was calculated for 30 years duration for all the selected cancer sites using the model approach showing that from the knowledge of incidence and P/I ratio, the prevalence can be calculated. The validity of the approach was shown in our previous paper (Takiar and Jayant, 2013). The P/I ratios for the cancer sites of lip, tongue, oral cavity, hypopharynx, oesophagus, larynx, nhl, colon, prostate, lymphoid leukemia, myeloid leukemia were observed to be 10.26, 4.15, 5.89, 2.81, 1.87, 5.43, 5.48, 5.24, 4.61, 3.42 and 2.65, respectively. Conclusion: Cancer prevalence can be readily estimated with use of survival and incidence data.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.214-224
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the trend in diagnostic prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: Individuals aged 0-18 years were included in the study based on the National Health Insurance Claims Data. To investigate the trends in diagnosis and diagnostic prevalence of psychiatric disorders reflecting the decrease in the birth rate, data were analyzed from 2010 as a reference year to 2015. Results: The number of patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorder decreased annually, from 23,412 on 2010 to 18,821 on 2015. The most common disorder was hyperkinetic disorder in male and depressive episode in female. Although there was no significant change in overall diagnostic prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders, age groups <10 years and some disorders had significant changes in prevalence rate. This study classified the diagnostic prevalence by age into two unique patterns: group in which the diagnosis rate increases with age and group in which the diagnosis rate peaks at a certain age and then decreases. Conclusion: Diagnostic prevalence of psychiatric disorders was different according to age and sex. These patterns should be reflected in the formulation of policies related to mental health and in medical practice for pediatric patients. It is urgent to identify how these patterns change in young adults.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.743-750
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to provide a trend analysis of the prevalence of diabetes relative to the socioeconomic, lifestyle, and physiologic risk factors among Korean adults aged over 30 years for a 10-year period using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Prevalence difference and the slope index of inequality were calculated for each risk factors using binomial regression by considering the repeated cross-sectional features of the data. The prevalence ratio and the relative index of inequality were calculated using log-binomial regression. Linear trend tests were performed using SAS 9.2. Results: Crude prevalence of diabetes increased over the 10-year period, and was higher for men than for women. It was very high for adults 60 years or over, consistently increasing over time. The prevalence among unemployed men, women with higher level of stress, women with hypertension, and adults with serum triglyceride levels over 135 mg/dL increased over the 10-year period in comparison with the respective control group. Conclusion: Considering the rapid economic development and associated lifestyle changes in Korea, action should be taken to control the prevalence of diabetes by both preventing and consistently monitoring these identified risk factors using a public-health approach.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.100-126
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure income differences in smoking prevalence at the district level and to investigate correlations among area deprivation, smoking prevalence, and income differences in smoking prevalence, stratified by urbanity. Methods: Data were pooled from the Community Health Survey data of South Korea between 2008 and 2014. The age-standardized prevalence of smoking and its interquintile income differences were calculated. We conducted correlation analyses to investigate the association of the deprivation index with smoking prevalence and interquintile differences in smoking prevalence. Results: Across 245 districts, the median prevalence of smoking in men was 45.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.4 to 48.5%), with an interquartile range (IQR) of 4.6% points. In women, the median prevalence was 3.0% (95% CI, 2.4 to 3.6%) and IQR was 1.6% points. The median interquintile difference in smoking prevalence was 7.4% points (95% CI, 1.6 to 13.2% points) in men and 2.7% points (95% CI, 0.5 to 4.9% points) in women. The correlation coefficients for the association between the deprivation index and smoking prevalence was 0.58, 0.15, -0.22 in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively, among men, and 0.54, -0.33, -0.43 among women. No meaningful correlation was found between area deprivation and interquintile difference in smoking prevalence. The correlation between smoking prevalence and interquintile difference in smoking prevalence was more evident in women than in men. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of geographical variations in smoking prevalence and interquintile difference in smoking prevalence. Neither smoking prevalence nor the deprivation index was closely correlated with interquintile income difference in smoking prevalence. Measuring inequalities in smoking prevalence is crucial to developing policies aimed at reducing inequalities in smoking.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.843-853
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between the use of dentures by the elderly and the prevalence of depression by using the original data from the 2017 Community Health Survey as basic data for the promotion of oral health and oral health policy development in the elderly. Methods: The study subjects were 67,835 elderly over 65 years of age. The raw data were collected from 2017 Community Health Survey in Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: Among the demographic and sociological characteristics, the higher the age, the lower the educational level, the worse the subjective health level, and the higher the denture use. The higher the age, the lower the education level, the lower the income level, the worse the subjective health level, the more stress they have, the more sleep time, and the higher the prevalence of depression. The association between the use of dentures and the prevalence of depression was 1.071 times higher than that of not using dentures, and it was found that the prevalence of depression was affected. Conclusions: As a result, it was confirmed that the use of dentures influenced the prevalence of depression. Institutional support will be needed to establish a national-level prevention policy that can maintain and promote healthy oral conditions and prevent the need dentures in the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of asthma and its risk factors in childhood asthma. Method: Random samples of 10,236 were selected from 43 kindergarten (1,418) and 57 elementary (8,718) in K city between september and November (2007). 1,079 (kindergarten children) and 7,271 (elementary children) were in the final analysis. The Korean-translated modified version of the questionnaire for the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was used in this cross-sectional survey. Parents were surveyed to answer for the questionnaire. Result: The lifetime and 12-month prevalence of wheezing were 11.50%; 11.06% in kindergarten children and 19.24%; 4.80% in elementary children. The lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis and the 12-month prevalence of asthma treatment were 11.59%; 4.43% in kindergarten children and 4.43%; 10.78% in elementary children. The 12-month prevalence of night cough and exercise-induced wheezing were 12.90%; 3.33% in kindergarten children and 20.72%; 4.74% in elementary children. Risk factors analysis showed that age, paternal and maternal asthma, allergic disease, carpet use, monthly income, indoor environment were associated with a higher risk of asthma. Conclusion: The study suggests that prevalence of asthma has increased among the community children. These data have been used to manage a possible role of risk factors as predictors of childhood asthma.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to estimate the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and its risk factors for AD in children living in the community. Method: Random samples of 10,236 were selected from 43 kindergarten (1,418) and 57 elementary (8,718) students in K city. Data from 1,079 (kindergarten children) and 7,271 (elementary) students were used in the final analysis. The Korean-translated modified version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISSAC) questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional survey. Parents answered the survey questionnaire. Results: The lifetime and last 12-month prevalence of AD were 40.15%; 30.86% in kindergarten children and 33.56%; 25.37% in elementary children. The lifetime and last 12-month prevalence of AD diagnosis were 40.8%; 18.68% in kindergarten children and 34.36%; 12.63% in elementary children. The lifetime prevalence of AD treatment was 25.93% in kindergarten children and 22.07% in elementary children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors for AD were age, allergic disease, age of house, carpets, pets. Conclusion: The study suggests that prevalence of AD has increased among children in the community. These data can be used to manage possible risk factors that are predictors of childhood AD.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diagnostic components in adult women. Methods: The subjects of this study were 12,016 women that were aged twenty years or older and underwent an annual health check-up for National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) from 2009 to 2013. Data including blood pressure, waist circumstance, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were received from the NHIS. This data was analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diagnostic components increased with age. In the five diagnostic components of the metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of low HDL-C was highest in 20s to 40s. The prevalence of high blood pressure was highest in the people aged fifty or older. The risk of metabolic syndrome in 2013 was higher in women with abnormal diagnostic component of metabolic syndrome in 2009 and highest in women with abnormal waist circumstance in 2009. Conclusion: There was a need to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components according to age. Education on metabolic syndrome was required for those that had one or two abnormal diagnostic components. The risk of abdominal obesity related to metabolic syndrome needs to be emphasized. Moreover the education for management of abdominal obesity also needs to be emphasised.