• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제41권
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• pp.108-144
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• 2008

본 연구는 언론의 기능을 언급할 때 가장 핵심적인 권력과 사회에 대한 감시 비판자로서의 파수견(Watchdog) 개념이 어떻게 생성되었고 발전되었는가를 분석하였다. 일반적으로 파수견 개념은 자유주의적 언론이론에서 파생된 것으로 인식되어 왔다. 그러나 이러한 인식과는 달리 파수견 개념은 언론의 필요성에 의해 주장되고 법원에 의해서 수용되어진 일종의 면책특권으로 언론의 공익적 활동에 당위성을 부여하는 것이라는 시각이 제기되었다. 미국의 경우 파수견 개념은 19세기 말 명예훼손법의 발전과 함께 형성되었고 법원에서 그 개념을 수용하면서 현재의 파수견의 이미지, 즉 권력에 대한 감시 비판자의 모습을 갖추게 되었다. 이러한 시각에 근거하여 한국에서의 파수견 개념의 형성과 발전과정을 관련 판례를 통해서 추적하였다. 우리나라의 경우 판결례를 분석한 결과 우리 법원은 비록 그 개념의 수용에는 대단히 늦었지만, 파수견 개념을 언론의 공익적 기능의 측면에서 받아들이고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 사법부외 판단은 미국의 경우와 달리 언론의 끈질긴 주장에 의한 것이라기보다는 법원의 언론 활동의 복잡성과 오류 발생의 불가피성을 인정하면서 기능했다고 하겠다. 이러한 법원의 인식은 언론의 감시 및 비판의 기능을 정치인이나 국가기관뿐만 아니라 공적인 역할을 하는 사인에게까지 확대해서 적용하고 있는데 이는 파수견 개념을 상당히 광범위하게 인정하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 우리 사법부는 보도의 내용이 상당하고 악의가 없어야 한다는 데 일치하고 있는데 이는 미국의 경우처럼 파수견 개념을 하나의 면책특권으로서는 아직 인정하고 있지 않음을 의미하는 것이라고 하겠다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2023

This paper traces the drafting of the new EN 1991-1-4 Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions within Mandate M/515 of the European Commission to CEN, for the evolution of structural Eurocodes towards their Second Generation. Work of the Project Team started in August 2017 and ended in April 2020, with delivery of a final draft for public enquiry. The revised document contains several modifications with respect to the existing 2005 version, and new sections were added, covering aspect not dealt with in the previous version. It has a renovated structure, with a main text limited in size and containing only fundamental material; all the remaining information, either normative or informative is arranged into thirteen annexes. Common to other Eurocode Parts, general requests from CEN were those of reducing the number of Nationally Determined Parameters and of enhancing the ease of use. More specific requests were those of (a) the drafting of a European design wind map, (b) improving wind models, (c) reviewing force and pressure coefficients, (d) reviewing the procedures for evaluation of the dynamic response, as well as (e) making editorial improvements aimed at a more user friendly document. The author had the privilege to serve as Project Team member for the drafting of the new document, and this paper brings his personal view concerning some general aspects of wind code writing, and some more specific aspects about the particular document.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.149-171
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• 2006

This is a pilot study on rural women's psychological trap to define some obstacles to self directed learning. During few decades, according to major crop of each farm household has shifted from rice to other crops like as vegetables, fruits, horticultures, livestock, etc., women's role or labor sharing of women in farming has been also increased. Although women are important human resources, till now, there is no a research or an approach to rural woman on the view of individual human being. Therefore this study will contribute to understand woman's behavior or attitudes based on psychological description at each person's experiences. For this study, the data was collected from 23 women leaders who participated in a training course in 2005, through the scale of Jeffrey E. Young & Janet S. Klosko which was developed to improvement of one's repetitious behavior based on cognitive psychological care. It was categorized into 11types of psychological trap of one person, named as follows; (1) trap of being deserted by someone (2) trap of disbelief and being ill-treated (3) trap of weakness (4) trap of dependence (5) trap of emotional deprivation (6) trap of feelings of alienation among society (7) trap of deficiency (8) trap of anxiety to failure (9) trap of subordination (10) trap of the merciless standard by self-estimation (11) trap of the sense of privilege. From the data, the average age of subjects was 52.8years old, and the educational back of subjects was higher than general rural women. In both of the trap of weakness and the trap of the merciless standard by self-estimation, the ratio of over and 4 point score of 6 points was 71.4% and 76.2%. It means most of subjects have experienced fear of unexpected calamity(trap of weakness), and mental press hard for efforts to meet one's ideal standard(trap of the merciless standard by self-estimation). Especially the trap of the merciless standard by self-estimation may have relation with rural women's over burden from farming and local society activities.