• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2009

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of drying, curing and freezing on the quality of beef. Three types of dried (without salt = $T_1$, with salt = $T_2$ and salt + spices = $T_3$); three types of cured (salt curing = $T_4$, sugar curing = $T_5$ and brine curing = $T_6$) and three types of frozen beef ($0^{\circ}C=T_7^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C=T_8$ and $-20^{\circ}C=T_9$) were analyzed at different time intervals up to the period of 180 d. Parameters studied were protein, fat, ash, color and cooking loss of beef. All the chemical constituents (protein, fat and ash) were decreased gradually up to 120 d. The decreasing trend was observed rapid after 120 d up to 180 d of preservation. Highest protein loss was found in $T_7$ (11.1 %) and the lowest protein loss was found in $T_6$ (3.85%) in 180 d preservation and significant (p < 0.01) differences were observed among the different preservation methods. Highest fat loss was observed in $T_6$ (7.62%) and the lowest fat loss was observed in $T_2$ (3.18%) and the differences were also significant (p < 0.05) among different methods during the experimental period. Spices dried beef showed a brighter color than others and cured beef showed brown color and the intensity of color was reduced gradually with the increasing of storage period. $T_9$ showed the lowest cooking loss among 3 treatments of frozen beef and the differences also significant (p < 0.01) up to 180 d. It might be stated that sugar curing ($T_5$) and spices drying ($T_3$) would be the useful technique of meat preservation in rural areas and freezing ($T_9$) would be used in large scale preservation at urban areas.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1284-1290
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity and shelf-life extension effect of iceberg lettuce packed in BN/PE film. The BN/PE film has a strong microbial suppression effect on pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and S. typhimurium. The number of psychrophiles and mesophiles during 5 days of cold storage of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce at $10^{\circ}C$ packaged in BN/PE film was strictly suppressed in comparison with other tested films (OPP, PE, and PET film). When fresh processed iceberg lettuce was processed and stored under the current conditions, the shelf-life of the product was longer than 5 days in the BN/PE film package, whereas the shelf-life when using the other films tested, PE, OPP and PET, was no longer than 3-4 days. The decay rates of the iceberg lettuce packed in the BN/PE film was maintained at $29.8{\pm}2.1%$ on the 5th day of preservation. The samples packed in BN/PE film maintained an excellent visual quality during the 3 days of storage without significant differences in comparison with the initial visual quality. No browning was observed in the samples packed in BN/PE film for up to 3 days. The texture of shredded iceberg lettuce packaged in BN/PE film remained unchanged up to 3 days, and then a moderate decrease in texture was observed after 4 days of storage. In addition, the overall acceptability of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce packaged in BN/PE film did not change for up to 3 days, whereas the samples packaged in the other films were inedible by 3 days of storage. In conclusion, the shelf-life of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce packaged in the BN/PE film was extended to more than 5 days at $10^{\circ}C$, whereas that in the other films was 2 days at $10^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the shelf-life extension effect of the fresh-cut iceberg lettuce in BN/PE film packaging was very effective compared with the other films tested.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2023

This manuscript describes the one-step eco-friendly green fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the in-situ bio-reduction of an aqueous solution of silver nitrate using Syzygium aromaticum leaf extract. UV-vis spectroscopy shows a characteristic SPR peak around 442 nm. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the AgNPs were capped with bioactive phyto-molecules. TEM images revealed oval and spherical particles with a mean diameter of ~12.6 nm. XRD analysis revealed crystalline and face-cantered cubic AgNPs. The phytosynthesized AgNPs showed broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against two foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The AgNPs showed a prominent ability to inhibit biofilms formed by L. monocytogenes and S. aureus in laboratory conditions through a crystal violet assay. The results suggest that the AgNPs could be a novel nanotool to develop effective antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents in food preservation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.560-567
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• 2016

Sensory evaluation, in vitro antioxidant activities and main compounds of coffee water-extract, coffee liqueur (CL) and coffee-ground liqueur (CGL) were investigated to consider their industrialization. Sensory evaluation showed that all groups of CGL without 25% CGL (3 month) were relatively higher than CL groups. Total phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activities such as 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were also performed. The group of 35% CGL had higher total phenolic compounds than others, and the result of DPPH radical scavenging activity was similar to that of total phenolic compounds. In addition, 35% CGL is comparable to the FRAP of coffee water extract (CE). Qualitative and quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed, and chlorogenic acid as a ployphenolic compound and caffeine as a nonpolyphenolic compound were detected in all samples. Moreover, the HPLC analysis showed that CGLs contain a larger amounts of chlorogenic acid (difference of 0.3~10.5%) and also greater amounts of caffeine (difference of 10.0~18.2%) more then CE. Consequently, these results suggest that coffee-ground as coffee by-products could be used as commercially available food substances because of its physiological molecules remained.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.452-461
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• 2024

This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activities of ethanolic Polygonum multiflorum (P. multiflorum) extracts and their cytoprotective effects on H₂O₂-induced HT22 and SK-N-MC cells. Among ethanolic extracts of P. multiflorum, the 40% ethanolic extract of P. multiflorum exhibited high total phenolics and flavonoid contents, with 105.68 mg of GAE/g and 28.92 mg of RE/g, respectively. The 40% ethanolic extract of P. multiflorum showed a high 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect. The 40% ethanolic extract of P. multiflorum also showed efficient inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase. Moreover, the 40% ethanolic extract of P. multiflorum reduced oxidative stress and increased cell viability in H₂O₂-induced HT22 and SK-N-MC cells as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetra-zoliumbromide (MTT) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (TSG) as the bioactive compound in the 40% ethanolic extract of P. multiflorum.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 1994

In order to search the fate of Thelohonellus kitauei spores the extrusion rates of the polar filaments were monitored in uipo chronologically. Preserved spores suspended with various solutions at $-70^{\circ}C$ showed almost the same vigorous pattern as early freezing stages up to 1,750 days after initial preservation. It revealed that the vlabllltles of some spores suspended with 0.45% and 0.9% NaCl solutions and distilled water at $5^{\circ}C$ continued for 1,628 days, 1,614 days and 1,721 days, respectively. And, the life spans of some spores in the previous solutions added with antibiotics at $5^{\circ}C$ were 1,628 days, 1,614 days and 1,714 days, respectively. Key words: TheLohanellus kitnuei, spore, extrusion rate of polar filament, life span

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1301-1305
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• 2006

The development of rapid, infallible, and sensitive methods of detecting foodborne pathogens has received much impetus in recent years owing to an increased public awareness of the health hazards. For the rapid and simultaneous detection of these foodborne pathogens, a multiplex PCR method was developed. Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella spp. are bacteria of concern because of their specific growing condition that enables them to live at low temperatures. In order to detect each pathogenic bacterium, specific primers from Y. enterocolitica, St. aureus, and Sh. flexneri were selected and validated successfully. To apply this method to food stored at low temperature, Y. enterocolitica, St. aureus, and Sh. flexneri were artificially inoculated in lettuce and incubated for enrichment. The multiplex PCR assays were able to simultaneously detect three pathogens, and the presence of three bands was observed at initial inoculation levels of approximately 1$\times$10$^1$ CFU/g in lettuce. Therefore, this method could be used for simultaneous detection of Y. enterocolitica, St. aureus, and Shigella spp. contaminated in lettuce during cultivation, transportation, preservation, and storage.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.99-109
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• 1996

This study, a preliminary one to construction of standardized rural resources evaluation system, aimed at catching the valuing structure of rural and urban residents cn rural resources through interview. The questionnaire employed in our surveys was focussed on; opinion about the advantages and disadvantages of living in rural areas, usual impression on rural life style, viewpoint on preservation of cultural heritages and conservation of natural environments, priority item listing for improvement/development of rural village. Generally, regardless of interviewee's personal characteristics, the peaceful and comfortable life in the lovely/clean environment was indicated as a representative advantage of rural life. However, in minor aspects, there were recognizable differences by their living and thinking patterns, so, a deep and systematic study should be progressed to harmonize or integrate the pluralistic valuing trends on rural affairs in future. The valuing structure on rural resources from this study showed much more varieties according to age-and occupation-groups, while young generation strongly hold self-orii-ented and ambiguous thinking. Because this trend will grow more deeply and widely in future, the resoruces evaluation system for rural purposes should be established as a rational base for decision-making on rural development strategies.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.256-264
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• 2009

This study investigated the status of foodservice operations and perceived performance of management for school dietitians in the Kyunggi area. According to the results, the perceived performance of dietitians for cooking management presented an overall average of $3.90{\pm}0.61$, and carrying out examination and preservation of food was the highest among all sectors with $4.83{\pm}0.49$. The area of cross contamination marked a total average of $4.15{\pm}0.67$, and the perceived performance of serving management was lower than the sanitary management of cooking and cross contamination with $3.64{\pm}0.75$. The most recognized cause on foodborne illness was food materials (44.6%). Sanitary level, the temperature of most foods, and the personal hygiene of workers were also important causes of foodborne illness.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.639-644
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• 2016

Discovery of non-invasive diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for acute rejection in liver transplant patients would help to ensure the preservation of liver function in the graft, eventually contributing to improved graft and patient survival. We evaluated selected cytokines and chemokines in the sera from liver transplant patients as potential biomarkers for acute rejection, and found that the combined detection of IL-10, IL-17, and CXCL10 at 1-2 weeks post-operation could predict acute rejection following adult liver transplantation with 97% specificity and 94% sensitivity.