• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 2002

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of induced molting on the relative weight and hormone levels of thyroid, ovary, and adrenal glands in spent laying hens. Three hundred sixty 77-wk-old, Babcock White hens were divided into 36 experimental units of 10 hens each and induced to molt for seven weeks. A diet containing 16% CP and 2,800 kcal ME/kg was fed ad libitum from 84 to 126 weeks of age. Thirty-six birds were randomly selected for blood collection and slaughtered at Pre-molt, 5% egg Production, Peak, and end Phase of the egg Production. Weights of the thyroid, ovary, adrenal glands, and plasma T3, T4, cortisol, and estradiol contents were measured at each stage. Weight of the thyroid reached its highest level at 5% e99 Production stage. The ovary weight was greatly reduced during molting, but started to increase after induced molting until the end of the egg Production Phase (P<0.05). Plasma T3,T4 and cortisol were found to be the highest at the start of the Post-molt Production stage, but reached their minimum at the end Phase of e99 Production. Plasma estradiol was the lowest at the 5% egg Production stage. The Present study demonstrated that molting is a complex Process that require the involvement of endocrine glands to trigger their specific hormones, which play a key role in molt induction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Marital Satisfaction Scale(M.S.S) is properly applicable to Korean couples and further to be devoted to the designed of a marital satisfaction scale for Korea. The scale employed in this study was a Korean adaptation of the M.S.S., which originally included 73 items but was reduced to 48 through a study of its validity by Bowden. This scale was administered to 420 couples. One kindergarten, two elementary schools, one middle school, and four high schools, all of them located in Seoul or its satellite cities were selected for the present study. The results of the study were as follows. 1) Through item analysis, 85.4% of the total items showed a high index of discrimination, i.e, of more than +.40, which all was significant discrimination (P<0.001) excluding two items. 2)Factor analysis, which was oriented toward combining factors proper to theory, showed that the M.S.S. consisted of 6 factors and its total variance was 50.18%. The 6 factors were marital satisfaction (factor 1), marital social psychological companionship (factor 2), obstacles to marriage (factor 3), dissatisfaction of marital relationship (factor 4), attitude of the reasonable marital relationship (factor 5), and cognition of married life (factor 6), 3) internal consistency reliability of the M.S.S. was 0.951 and the reliability of the total items after excluding two through item analysis 0.956 and 0.949 respectively, which showed a high internal consistency 4) The marital satisfaction examined by the M.S.S showed significant differences according to sex, education , income, the duration of marriage, the number of children but no significant differences according to age, and family type. From these results, it will be concluded that the M.S.S is a reliable and valid psychological scale for examining marital satisfaction of Korean couples. The limitations of this study were as follows. 1) It can not be generalized to all Korean couples because the subjects was sampled from Seoul or satellite cities. 2)The factor analysis in this study was oriented toward combining factors proper to theory. However, it was very difficult to find out the factors because the components of the M.S.S. was more or less abstract. Thus, from these results some suggestions follow for developing the marital satisfaction scale proper to Korean couples systematically and scientifically. 1) The subjects must be sampled form urban as well as rural areas 2)Factor analysis in this study is oriented toward finding out factors of the M.S.S. Thus, it is needed to analyze the factor validity or construct validity by multitrait - multimethod of the scale with more theoretical conceptualization. 3) It is necessary to examine whether marital satisfaction shows difference according to couples and psychological variables besides objective demographic variables. 4) More research is needed before the M.S.S. con be adapted into a turely useful marital satisfaction scale for Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-53
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study was to present the basic materials that help the nursing of the infants and consultation of childcare by examinating the knowledge and practice of the mothers about the weaning diet. The data for this study was collected from 205 mothers with infants(6-36 months) who visited two hospitals or one university hospital in Seoul, who were living in one apartment Suwon area between July. 7. and September 10, 2000. The 57 questionnaires were used for collecting the data and SAS program was used to analyse the data. The results are as follows. 1. The items of low score in the result of the knowledge data were as follows. [Initial weaning time, the important nutritional problem in infant, considering factor during feeding, the relation of proper weaning food & age, the time of used by cup, to apply of proper spicies in weaning food, the time of completing weaning, the time of stopping weaning at abnormal sign, and the inappopriate reason of dry mixed powdered food (Sunsik) as a weaning food.] 2. Higher educated mothers presented more high score than lower educated mothers in the knowledge about the weaning. (p<0.05) 3. Before the weaning, more mothers were using the commercial milk (51.2%) than the breast milk (13.2%). 4. Mothers get the knowledge about the weaning from the infants care book of cook books(26.4%). 68% of mothers had not received any consulting service with regard to the weaning, 10.2% of them consulted Pediatrician about the weaning and 0.5% of them with nurse. 5. Most mothers began supplymentary food, from four to six months (65.4%). the ratio was about the same as the ratio of mothers who knEw the appropriate time for the introduction of supplymentary food(83.2%) 6. The main solid food was commercial food, not home-prepared food. 7. Higher educated mothers used home-prepared weaning food more often than lower educated mothers(P<0.05). 8. The used rate by spoon was 57.4%, but the rate of mother's knowledge data was 95.0%. 9. The time of completing the weaning was in 12-18 months(53.8%). It is similar to the mother's knowledge data(52.7%) Conclusion ; According to knowledge data, it turns out that most mothers know moderatly about the weaning (everage 60/100). However their knowledge and practice on the methods & procedures on the weaning were inadquate. Especially, most mothers did not consult with those qualification about the weaning. Therefore, the role of the nurse as a provider of information on the weaning should be emphasized with varied educational programs in many health care center.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.45-59
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to discover the present situation of fashion journalism, which is a collaborator and watchdog of the fast-growing fashion business industry, then to proffer fundamental data for the setting of desirable fashion journalism in the field of newspaper. Unlike magazine and internet news service which are focused on a specific group, daily newspaper has a far-reaching influence without regarding the age, gender and social status of the readers. Therefore, how newspaper deals with fashion and fashion phenomena has immense influence on the attitude and understanding of common people on fashion. Defining fashion journalism is an activity of gathering and mediating of various ideas and opinions on fashion, the beginning of fashion journalism of newspaper traces back to the late of 19th century. From then to the period of Japan's occupancy by force, newspaper used fashion articles to lead enlightenment of lifestyle. After Korean War, newspaper was one of the main path of in-flowing western culture and fashion trend till 1970s. During $1980s{\sim}1990s$, fashion articles in newspaper were separated from woman and family section and fashion journalism made their own way to a specialized field. In the beginning of 21st century, fashion journalism in the field of newspaper is armed with more various and profound contents then ever, but it is also true fashion journalism is not free from accusation of commercialization and agitation of preference on imported luxury goods. Today fashion articles of daily newspapers are not subordinated to the common idea, 'fashion is only for women'. Fashion articles deals with men as well as women. Information on new products is regarded more important than fashion trend. Articles are not restricted in the fashion section. It means fashion journalism is expanding its territory to business section, opinion section and so on. However, fashion news dealing with aged people or young children are very rare. It suggests target readers of fashion news are concentrated on the people who have a considerable buying power. An main article usually has more than 3 photos. That means not only photos in fashion news are established as essential visual information today but also commercialization of fashion news makes rapid progress in this field. Also the considerable dependancy on the information sources from manufacturing side can be a problem of sustaining accuracy and impartiality of news.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.6
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• pp.438-444
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• 2011

Background: Lung abscess is necrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma caused by microbial infection. At present, clinical outcomes after treatment are good. However, the pulmonary parenchymal changes on the chest computed tomography (CT) after treatment are not well known. We studied the changes of pulmonary parenchyma on plane chest radiography and chest CT in patients with lung abscess following the administration of antibiotics. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 39 patients who had lung abscess with or without combined pneumonia from January 2006 to July 2010. We studied the therapeutic response in plane chest radiography of them at 1, 2, or more than 3 months following treatment. If any chest CT of them during the study period, we reviewed. Results: Mean age of the patients was about $61.3{\pm}11.2$. Mean duration of antibiotics administration was about $36.7{\pm}26.8$ days. After 3 months of following plane chest radiography, 10 patients (36%) showed without residual sequelae among 28 patients. Findings from other patients showed decrease in densities (11 patients, 39%), fibrostreaky sequelae (4 patients, 14%) and bullae (3 patients, 10%). After more than 2 months, chest CT was checked only in 7 patients. Among the 7 patients, 4 patients showed no residual lesion, 3 patients showed decreased densities on plane chest radiography. Chest CT revealed fibrostreaky densities in 2 patients, ground glass opacities in 3 patients, bullous formation in 1 patient, and cystic bronchiectasis in 1 patient. Conclusion: After more than 2 months following treatment for lung abscess even though there were no lesions on plane chest radiography, chest CT showed fibrostreaky or ground glass opacity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.272-275
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• 2012

Objective : Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are generally regarded as benign tumors with typical radiologic and pathologic findings. However, they sometimes have unusual findings. We have analyzed radiologic findings and pathologic growth patterns on CPPs. Methods : The study group included 5 male and 5 female patients (age range, 3 months to 58 years : median, 29 years). The study group included 3 pediatric and 7 adult patients. All patients underwent surgery; 9 patients had a gross total resection and 1 patient had a subtotal resection. We analyzed the radiologic findings (location, size, mottle-like appearance, enhancement, calcifications, and hydrocephalus) and pathologic growth patterns (typical papillary, papillary and solid, and papillary and tubular). Results : The median follow-up duration was 21.3 months (range, 4-47.8 months). There were no recurrences after initial treatment. All patients had benign CPPs. Pediatric CPPs were 3.2 cm masses (range, 2.7-4 cm) with homogeneous enhancement and a mottle-like appearance, which pathologically showed the papillary growth pattern. Hydrocephalus was present in all pediatric patients. Postoperatively, subdural hygroma had occurred in two patients. In adults, CPPs were located in the fourth ventricle in 6 patients and suprasellar area in 1 patient. The size varied from 0.5-4.2 cm. Hydrocephalus and calcifications occurred in 3 and 4 patients, respectively. Three patients showed the heterogeneous enhancement without a mottle-like appearance and pathologically showed combined papillary and solid growth in 2 patients and papillary and tubular growth in one. Postoperatively, two patients with large masses had injuries of the brainstem and underwent shunt procedures for aggravation of hydrocephalus. Conclusion : CPPs may show unusual radiologic findings, which preoperatively give the difficulty to be differentiated from other tumors. CPPs with unusual radiologic findings showed the combined pathologic growth patterns.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.295-302
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• 2013

The aim of the study was to compare chemical composition and quality attributes of meat between male long fat tailed sheep (n = 17) and Small East African goats (n = 17) existing in Tanzania. Animals of 1.5 to 2 yrs in age and live body weight of $22.59{\pm}0.50$ kg were purchased from livestock auction markets. Animals were fasted for 18 h and slaughtered according to standard halal procedure. Left carcasses were dissected into muscles, fat and bone and the muscle and fat were mixed together and chemically analysed. Meat quality attributes were measured based on Muscle longissimus thoracis et lumborum excised from right sides of carcasses. Goat carcasses had significant higher (p = 0.0302) moisture content (70.65% vs 66.96%) and lower (p = 0.0027) ether extract (2.49% vs 5.82%) than sheep but there was no significant species differences in protein and ash content. Sheep had lower (p = 0.0157) ultimate pH (5.74 vs 5.88) and higher (p = 0.0307) temperature ($3.77^{\circ}C$ vs $3.15^{\circ}C$) than goat carcasses. Sheep meat had lower (p = 0.0021) shear force values (29.83 N vs 34.07 N) than goat. Within species, at day 9 of ageing, meat tenderness improved (p = 0.0001) by 44.63% and 34.18% for sheep and goat. Pooled data showed that at d 9 of ageing, meat tenderness improved (p = 0.0001) by 39.25% (from 39.54 N to 24.02 N) compared to tenderness of meat which was not aged at day one of slaughter. The present study demonstrated the differences in chemical composition and quality attributes of meat existing between sheep and goats originated from East Africa.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2016

The present study aimed to assess the perception of a child's primary caregiver on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) or intravenous sedation (IV-SED) in pediatric dental patients. Self-administered questionnaires were completed before dental treatment under GA or IV-SED by 52 primary caregivers of healthy pediatric patients (10 years old or younger), and 43 (84%) of these caregivers completed the same questionnaires within 6 months after treatment. The Korean version of Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) and the Family Impact Scale (FIS) were used to assess OHRQoL in the questionnaires. The scores of COHIP and FIS improved after dental treatment. Demographic variables such as gender did not affect the improvement of COHIP and FIS, and age did not affect that of COHIP. However, baseline FIS score of younger patients was better than that of older patients before dental treatment. Regardless of the treatment variables, all COHIP and FIS scores were improved after dental treatment. COHIP score improved more in cases with pulp treatments compared to those without the treatments. On the other hand, FIS score improved less in cases with posterior stainless steel crown restorations compared to those without them. Anterior esthetic restorations and anterior teeth extractions did not affect the degree of improvement. Based on the primary caregiver's perceptions, the OHRQoL of healthy pediatric patients was improved by dental treatment under GA or IV-SED.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.232-239
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• 2014

Purpose: Mitochondrial disease (MD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are often associated with cardiomyopathy, but the myocardial variability has not been isolated to a specific characteristic. We evaluated the left ventricular (LV) mass by echocardiography to identify the general distribution and functional changes of the myocardium in patients with MD or DMD. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the echocardiographic data of 90 children with MD and 42 with DMD. Using two-dimensional echocardiography, including time-motion (M) mode and Doppler measurements, we estimated the LV mass, ratio of early to late mitral filling velocities (E/A), ratio of early mitral filling velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/Ea), stroke volume, and cardiac output. A "z score" was generated using the lambda-mu-sigma method to standardize the LV mass with respect to body size. Results: The LV mass-for-height z scores were significantly below normal in children with MD ($-1.02{\pm}1.52$, P<0.001) or DMD ($-0.82{\pm}1.61$, P =0.002), as were the LV mass-for-lean body-mass z scores. The body mass index (BMI)-for-age z scores were far below normal and were directly proportional to the LV mass-for-height z scores in both patients with MD (R =0.377, P<0.001) and those with DMD (R =0.330, P=0.033). The LV mass-for-height z score correlated positively with the stroke volume index (R =0.462, P<0.001) and cardiac index (R =0.358, P<0.001). Conclusion: LV myocardial atrophy is present in patients with MD and those with DMD and may be closely associated with low BMI. The insufficient LV mass for body size might indicate deterioration of systolic function in these patients.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed, first, to develop core strength training equipment with elderly-friendly, easy-to-use features and, second, to investigate the effect of core strength training using the equipment on the performance and stability of the elderly in activities of daily living. Method: In this study, we developed training equipment with a stability ball that can be used for performing core strength exercises in the elderly. Twenty-three elderly subjects (age: $77.87{\pm}6.95years$, height: $149.78{\pm}6.95cm$, and weight: $60.57{\pm}7.21kg$) participated in this study. The subjects performed the core strength training exercise with 16 repetitions for 8 weeks (2 repetitions per week). Performance in activities of daily living was assessed by using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), a test of going up and down 4 stairs, and one-leg static balance test. Stability was quantified as changes in the center of pressure (COP) and C90 area. Results: With the core strength equipment, trunk core strength exercise could be performed by pulling or pushing a rope with 2 hands on the stability ball. During the task, the tension in the rope was manipulated by a motor connected to the rope and the COP of the subject was measured by 4 load cells mounted in the equipment. Our results showed that the SPPB score was significantly higher (p < .05), the time to complete the "going up and down 4 stairs" test was significantly shorter (p < .05), and one-leg static balance statistically improved under an eyes-open condition (p < .05) after as compared with before the core strength training. The changes in the COP in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions, and C90 area were significantly lower in the posttest (p <. 05) than in the pretest. Conclusion: The core strength training exercise using the equipment developed in the present study improved the performance and stability of the elderly in activities of daily living.