• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.13-25
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• 2021

In the age of digital innovation based on the Internet, Information and Communication and Artificial Intelligence technologies, huge amounts of datasets are being generated, collected, accumulated, and opened on the web by various public institutions providing useful and public information. In order to analyse, gain useful insights and information from data, Formal Concept Analysis(FCA) has been successfully used for analyzing, classifying, clustering and visualizing data based on the binary relation between objects and attributes in the dataset. In this paper, we present an approach for enhancing the analysis of relational attributes of data within the extended framework of FCA, which is designed to classify, conceptualize and visualize sets of objects described not only by attributes but also by relations between these objects. By using the proposed tool, RCA wizard, several experiments carried out on some public open datasets demonstrate the validity and usability of our approach on generating and visualizing conceptual hierarchies for extracting more useful knowledge from datasets. The proposed approach can be used as an useful tool for effective data analysis, classifying, clustering, visualization and exploration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.3-14
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• 2021

Speech information of teachers is transmitted to students in classrooms so that appropriate aural environment should be provided for academic purposes. Many researches have been undertaken for classroom acoustics, and acoustic standards of domestic classrooms were suggested based on the reverberation time and background noise level. However, these standards are suitable for middle and high schools and so not consider the auditory ability by ages. As a precedent research, the present study was begun to suggest an acoustic standard for lower grade elementary school classrooms with children under age 9 who have not normal auditory ability. In order to do this, acoustic performances of the lower grade classrooms were measured and compared with the general classrooms. Also, change of acoustic parameters depending on the desk layout was measured and analyzed. The measured acoustic parameters were background noise, signal to noise ratio, RT, STI, D₅₀, and IACC. As a result, it was found that background noise is exceed the standard of 35dB(A) at the schools along the road sides. Also, it was shown that most of acoustic parameters are higher in the classrooms built recently rather than the old classrooms. Generally, there are not much difference of acoustic parameters among the various desk layouts but, better acoustic performances are acquired at the center line and the seats near sound source. Also, Higher IACC was measured at the seats on the center line facing the source squarely.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.5_1
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• pp.99-104
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• 2018

Modern society has entered the era of the fourth industrial revolution beyond the information age. In other words, technology innovations such as life science, unmanned automobiles, drone, artificial intelligence, big data, robot technology, Internet of things, and nano-technology are leading the change of the world. In these technologies use and delivery of information is playing a key role, and the field of information security for the safe use of information has become an indispensable discipline. In this sense, it is necessary to standardize the curriculum of universities to foster security manpower to meet the needs of the era. In this paper, we develop and present a model to standardize the curriculum in the field of information security. Using this model, each educational institution will be able to select the necessary track or field to guide the students and cultivate information security manpower effectively.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Background: Cervical dysfunction is a common pathomechanical marker in individuals with forward head posture (FHP). To overcome the limitations of the isometric chin-tuck (ICT) exercise, dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS), which emphasizes an entire spinal chain exercise, has recently shown promising clinical results. Objects: Purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects between ICT and DNS techniques. Methods: 43 young subjects (mean age, $24.0{\pm}5.0$ years) were recruited. Group of subjects with FHP were measured under baseline, ICT, and DNS conditions. Outcome measures included sitting height, longus colli (LC) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle thickness and LC/SCM thickness ratio. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the continuous dependent variables among FHP, ICT, and DNS conditions at p<.016. Results: Both ICT and DNS exercise conditions yielded significantly increased LC muscle thickness, LC/SCM thickness ratio and sitting height than did FHP condition (p<.0001, respectively). Sitting height was significantly greater in DNS exercise than in the ICT exercise (p<.0001). Conclusion: The present results demonstrated that sitting height was greater in the DNS exercise than in the ICT exercise, as well as both corrective postural training exercises were effective on LC/SCM muscle balance ratio when compared with the baseline FHP condition. Therefore, it is considered that DNS exercise can be the recommended exercise for people with FHP.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2019

Background: Clinical outcomes and prognosis of large and massive rotator cuff tears are known to be unpredictable not only in degeneration of the rotator cuff, but also due to a high rate of retear. Methods: Totally, 81 patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from May 2008 to February 2016 were evaluated in our study. Clinical and functional evaluations were performed with the Constant score and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score, as well as full physical examination of the shoulder. All patients were confirmed to have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tendon healing at least 1 year postoperatively. Results: The average age at the time of surgery was 65 years (range, 47-78 years). The average duration of postoperative time in which a follow-up MRI was performed was 36.1 months (range, 12-110 months). Large tears were present in 48 cases (59.3%) and massive tears in 33 cases (40.7%). Overall, there were 33 retear cases (40.7%). All the average clinical outcome scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up (p<0.001), although repair integrity was not maintained. Compared to type A, types C, and D of the Collin's classification showed significantly higher retear rates (p=0.036). Conclusions: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair yields improved clinical outcomes and a relatively high degree of patient satisfaction, despite the repair integrity not being maintained. Involvement of the subscapularis muscle or infraspinatus muscle had no effect on the retear rate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.141-149
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• 2021

Due to the rapid rise of artificial intelligence technology around the world, SW education conducted in elementary and secondary schools is expanding including AI education. Therefore, this study aims to present an AI education system based on 4P(Play, Problem Solving, Product Making, Project) that can be applied from kindergarten to high school. The AI education system presented in this study is designed to be applied in 4P-based Play, Problem Solving, Product Making, and Project 4 stages so that it can be applied by school age and step by step. The level was presented by dividing it into two areas: AI literacy and AI development. In order to verify the validity of the developed AI education system, the Delphi method was applied to 15 experts who had experience in SW education or AI education. The AI education system derived as a result of the verification will be able to contribute to the development of a content system for AI education at each school level in the future.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.191-200
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the oral health status and management behavior and dental use behavior according to the level of education and income of the elderly, and to present the supporting data to prepare policies and systems for the promotion of elderly oral health. The data survey was conducted on 224 elderly people living in the Daejeon area from August 19, 2019 to October 25, 2019, and the collected data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. As a result, oral health status and management behavior showed significant differences according to education and income level in denture use, implant use, oral hygiene product use, oral health education experience, and oral health management method. There was a significant difference in dental use behavior according to education and income level, and age, education level, implant use, and the main reasons for dental use were found to be factors affecting dental use. Therefore, it is expected that the quality of life of the elderly's oral health can be improved by preparing an institutional plan at the national that considers education and income level based on this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.59-83
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• 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics and problems of 'Reading Cheongju' which launched as 'One Book, One City' reading promotion campaign in 2006 and conducted 23 times for the past 15 years. The analysis of the selection criteria of 'one book', 31 selected books, and the activity of reading and discussion shows the strength of continuity and stability of 'Reading Cheongju'. However, the following weaknesses need to be improved on: the inadequate change in book selection criteria, selection of several books according to age groups instead of 'One Book', lack of consistency in themes of selected books, preference for best-sellers and popular works, difficulty in identifying the continuance of individual participation in reading and discussion, librarians' role limited to organizing programs, and lacking in direct participation in discussion and communication, and events and programs only led by Cheongju City Library without any cooperation from community members.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2021

Background: Children with cleft lip and/or palate can be undernourished due to feeding difficulties after birth. A vicious cycle ensues where malnutrition and low body weight precludes the child from having the corrective surgery, in the absence of which the child fails to gain weight. This study aimed to identify the proportion of malnutrition, including the deficiency of major micronutrients, namely iron, folate and vitamin B12, in children with cleft lip and/or palate and thus help in finding out what nutritional interventions can improve the scenario for these children. Methods: All children less than 5 years with cleft lip and/or cleft palate attending our institute were included. On their first visit, following were recorded: demographic data, assessment of malnutrition, investigations: complete blood count and peripheral blood film examination; serum albumin, ferritin, iron, folate, and vitamin B12 levels. Results: Eighty-one children with cleft lip and/or palate were included. Mean age was 25.37±21.49 months (range, 3-60 months). In 53% of children suffered from moderate to severe wasting, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Iron deficiency state was found in 91.6% of children. In 35.80% of children had vitamin B12 deficiency and 23.45% had folate deficiency. No correlation was found between iron deficiency and the type of deformity. Conclusion: Iron deficiency state is almost universally present in children with cleft lip and palate. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation should be given at first contact to improve iron reserve and hematological parameters for optimum and safe surgery.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.154-163
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• 2021

Purpose: In children overlap of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis is labelled as autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). The only prospective pediatric study showed a high prevalence of ASC by using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Aims of our study were to find the prevalence of ASC by using magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in AIH and in non-AIH cirrhosis and to compare clinical presentation and outcome of AIH and ASC. Methods: Prospectively we did MRC in 38 children with AIH (cases) and 19 disease controls (Wilson disease). Multiple biliary strictures with proximal dilatation on MRC were taken as definitive changes of ASC. Detail clinical, laboratory parameters, liver histopathology and treatment outcome were recorded. Results: The median age of cases was 11.5 (3-18) years, 22 (57.9%) were girls and 28 (73.7%) were diagnosed as type 1 AIH. MRC was done in 11 children (28.9%) at the time of diagnosis and in 27 (71.1%) after a median follow-up of 2.5 (0.3-10) years. Abnormal MRC changes were seen in 14/38 (36.8%) of AIH and 8/19 (42.1%) of controls. However, definite changes of ASC were present in four (10.5%) children in AIH and none in controls. None of the clinical, laboratory, histological parameters and treatment response were significantly different between ASC and AIH groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of ASC in children with AIH was just 10.5%. We suggest MRC in select group with cholestatic features, inflammatory bowel disease and in those who showed poor response to immunosuppression instead of all children with AIH.