• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.181-182
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of Toxocara canis in local districts in North West Bank of Palestine. Fecal samples from 132 dogs were collected in Nablus, Tulkarm, and Jenin cities from September 2008 to April 2009 and examined for T. canis eggs with the floating technique. The overall infection rate of toxocariasis in dogs was 36.4%. The dogs less than 6 months old showed higher infection rates than those older than 12 months (p=0.04). Vigorous interventions are necessary, such as routine coprological examinations of dogs and prescription of anthelmintics to infected dogs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 2008

This study investigated the current status and drug expenditure of the drug shortage prevention program in Korea. National health insurance claims data from 2001 to 2005 were analyzed for the drugs with inadequate supply, which were designated as shortage prevention drugs (SPDs). Drug use of SPDs have increased every year, but the average increase rate of drug expenditure for SPDs, 13.5% was lower than that for all the reimbursed drugs, 18.6%. Drugs with price increase based on production cost were more actively used than drugs with prescription incentives for doctors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.75-78
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• 1999

근래 들어 농업생산기술분야에서 변량적 포장 작물관리를 의미하는 정밀농업이라는 단어가 자주 등장한다. 정밀농업은 80년대 초반 미국에서 시작된 농법으로 정밀농업(precision farming or precision agriculture), 처방농업(prescription farming), 국부 특성에 맞는 작물관리(site-specific farming/management), 변량형 농업(variable rate agriculture) 등의 다양한 명칭으로 불리운다. 정밀농업의 중심과제는 포장내의 변이(variation), 즉, 토양의 이ㆍ화학 특성과 작물의 생육ㆍ수량에 나타나는 포장내의 불균형을 어떻게 평가하고 이를 기준으로 하여 어떻게 포장ㆍ작물관리를 수행하는가 하는 점이다. (중략)

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.424-433
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• 2020

Qingfei Paidu decoction is recommended for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. It is a prescription that combines Mahaenggamseok-tang, Oryeong-san, Soshiho-tang, Saganmahwang-tang, and Kwakhyangjeonggi-san. According to several clinical reviews, symptoms of COVID-19 were improved, laboratory test indicators were improved, and the cure rate was increased. Pharmacologically, the Qingfei Paidu decoction and its composition have been reported to inhibit viral replication, alleviate immune responses, and have anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. Severe side effects were not revealed, and this treatment is considered relatively safe. However, to validate and better understand these findings, well-designed clinical studies are needed.

• Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2021

Objectives: Despite the high discontinuation rate of clozapine in refractory schizophrenia, there is limited evidence regarding the suggested treatment after clozapine discontinuation. Methods: The medical records of 37 patients who discontinued clozapine were retrospectively reviewed. The prescription patterns of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants were compared at three points before and after clozapine treatment and at the most recent visit. Results: After clozapine discontinuation, 75.6% of the subjects were receiving antipsychotic polypharmacy, and 32.4% were taking more than 3 antipsychotics. The frequently used antipsychotics were olanzapine (21.5%), quetiapine (21.5%), and paliperidone (12.7%). The rates of augmentation with mood stabilizers and antidepressants were 43.2% and 29.7%, respectively. Furthermore, valproate was the most commonly used mood stabilizer (87.5%). Conclusion: Antipsychotic polypharmacy and augmentation are inevitable in schizophrenia patients for whom clozapine has been discontinued. Further research is required to improve the outcomes of polypharmacy and augmentation in schizophrenia patients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.353-358
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• 2002

To test the protective effect of herbal medicine against oxygen free radical-induced myocardiotoxicity, cytotoxicity of xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine (XO/HX) was examined using MTT, TBARS, and beating rate assay in the presence of water extract of Sujeom-san(SJS) or single consituents of its prescription. Myocardial toxicity was evaluated in neonatal rat myocardiocytes in cultures. In the present paper, XO/HX resulted in a decrease in viability and beating rate and increases in lipid peroxidation in cultured myocardial cells. In the effect of SJS water extract, it showed effects from the cardiocytotoxicity induced by XO/HX treatment such as increases in beating rate and decreases in lipid peroxidation. In the effect of Rhizoma Corydalis (RC), Faeces Trogopterori (FT), Fructus Amomi Tsaoko (FAT) and Myrrha on the cardiocytotoxicity, they were significantly effective in blocking the XO/HX-induced cardiocytotoxicity by increase of beating rate in FAT and FT group as well as decrease of lipid peroxidation in FT and RC group. These results show that oxygen free radical elicits toxic effects in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal rat, and suggest that water extract of Sujeomsan, Rhizoma Corydalis, Faeces Trogopterori, Fructus Amomi Tsaoko or Myrrha is very effective in the prevention of xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine- induced cardiotoxicity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 2000

Using fluorescence probes, 2-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid (2- AS) and 12-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid (12-AS), we determined the differential effects of local anesthetics (tetracaine-HCI, bupivacaine-HCI, lidocaine-HCI, prilocaine-HCI and procaine-HCI) on the differential rotational rate between the surface (in carbon number 2 and its surroundings including the head group) and the hydrocarbon interior (in carbon number 12 and its surroundings) of the outer monolayer of the total phospholipid fraction liposome that is extracted from synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles. The anisotropy (r) values for the hydrocarbon interior and the surface region of the liposome outer monolayer were$0.051{\pm}0.001$ and $0.096{\pm}0.001,$ respectively. This means that the rate of rotational mobility in the hydrocarbon interior is faster than that of the surface region. Local anesthetics in a dosedependent manner decreased the anisotropy of 12-AS in the hydrocarbon interior of the liposome outer monolayer, but increased the anisotropy of 2-AS in the surface region of the monolayer. These results indicate that local anesthetics have significant disordering effects on the hydrocarbon interior, but have significant ordering effects on the surface region of the liposome outer monolayer.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.527-540
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• 2011

Some patients tend to visit tertiary hospitals instead of non-tertiary hospitals for minor illnesses, which is a chronic problem within the Korean health care delivery system. In order to reduce the number of patients with minor severity diseases unnecessarily utilizing the tertiary medical services in Korea, the Ministry of Health and Welfare raised the outpatient co-insurance rate for the tertiary hospitals in July, 2009. Another increase in the prescription drug co-insurance rate by the general and tertiary hospitals is scheduled to take place in the second half of 2011. An increase in copayments may discourage the utilization rate of medical services among the underprivileged or patients who require complicated procedures. This study aims to analyze the diabetic patients' utilization rates of tertiary hospitals according to the Comorbidity score. Diabetic patients' data was gathered from the Health Insurance Claims Records in the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service between 2007-2009. Comorbidity scores are measured by the Charlson Comorbidity Index and the Elixhauser Index. Chi-square and logistic regressions were performed to compare the utilization rates of both insulin-dependents (n=94,026) and non-insulin-dependents (n=1,424,736) in tertiary hospitals. The higher Comorbidity outcomes in the insulin-dependent diabetic patients who didn't visit tertiary hospitals compared to those who did, was expected. However, after adjusting the gender, age, location, first visits and complications, the groups that scored >=1 on the comorbidity scale utilized the tertiary hospitals more than the O score group. Non-insulin-diabetic patients with higher Comorbidity scores visited tertiary hospitals more than patients who received lower grades. This study found that patients suffering from severe diabetes tend to frequently visit the tertiary hospitals in Korea. This result implied that it is important for Korea to improve the quality of its primary health care as well as to consider a co-insurance rate increase.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2000

Using fluorescence polarization of 12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (12-AS) and 2-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (2-AS), we evaluated the differential effects of local anesthetics on differential rotational rate between the surface (in carbon number 2 and its surroundings including the head group) and the hydrocarbon interior (in carbon number 12 and its surroundings) of the outer monolayer of the total lipid fraction liposome extracted from synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles. The anisotropy (r) values for the hydrocarbon interior and the surface region of the liposome outer monolayer were $0.078{\pm}0.001$ and $0.114{\pm}0.001,$ respectively. This means that the rate of rotational mobility in the hydrocarbon interior is faster than that of the surface region. In a dose-dependent manner, the local anesthetics decreased the anisotropy of 12-AS in the hydrocarbon interior of the liposome outer monolayer but increased the anisotropy of 2-AS in the surface region of the monolayer. These results indicate that local anesthetics have significant disordering effects on the hydrocarbon interior but have significant ordering effects on the surface region of the liposome outer monolayer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1266-1273
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analysis the effect of form of outsole - complex function double rocker sole(CDR) vs. negative-heel rocker sole (NR) - on energy consumption and heart rate intensity during gait. 11 women, who had no medical history on musculoskeletal disease and surgery within 3 years prior to study, were participated. The walking energy cost per time (WECt) during 35minutes, heart rate intensity, and total calorie consumption were compared by using pair t-test. The WECt and total calorie consumption were found to be significantly higher(p<.05) in CDR than NR. However, there was no difference in HRi. Based on the present study, CDR shoe may have significant implications in shoe prescription for people who want to increase energy consumption.