• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.923-926
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine whether the preoperative platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) could predict invasiveness of cervical pathologies. Materials and Methods: Patients with preinvasive and invasive diseases were reviewed retrospectively, over a nine-year period, 2005-2014. The pathological records and completed blood counts of the patients were collected and recorded in the SPSS program. Patients were divided in two groups, preinvasive and invasive. Results: The median PLR was significantly higher in the invasive group than in the preinvasive group (p=0.03). There was a correlation between invasion of cervical cancer and white blood cell count, red cell distributing width (RDW), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and PLR. Conclusions: This study showed that patients with uterine cervical cancer may present with leukocytosis, increased RDW, NLR and PLR. These cheap and easily available parameters, especially PLR, may provide useful information about the invasiveness of cervical lesions.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 1995

In 1989, the Bethesda System (TBS) was introduced as an attempt to standardize cervical/vaginal reporting systems. TBS nomenclature was created for reporting cytologic diagnoses to replace the currently used Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and Papanicolaou Class System, which are deemed less reproducible. The name for preinvasive squamous lesions was changed to squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL), subdivided into low-grade and high-grade types. TBS recommends a specific format for cytologic report, starling with explicit statement on the adequacy of the specimen, followed by general categorization and descriptive diagnosis. Pathologic and epidemiologic studios performed over last 10 years have provided evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a significant role in the development of cervical neoplasia, TBS corresponds not only to currently held views of the behavior of preinvasive lesions and their HPV distribution, but also to the current guidelines for clinical management.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.583-591
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• 1998

Screening is for the early detection and treatment of diseases in prior to development of symptoms, so that more favourable prognosis could be obtained. To evaluate efficiency of screening test for cervical neoplasms, we compared the histopathologic stages of asymptomatic cervical neoplasm patients diagnosed by screening test, with those of symptomatic patients confirmed by pathology. Total 1,120 cases of cervical neoplasm patient, diagnosed at Kang-nam St. Mary's hospital from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1996, were reviewed by chart, and classified as asymptomatic and symptomatic group based on the presence of subjective symptoms on their hospital visit. Their histopathologic stages were analysed. The results were as follows, 1. From the total of 1,120 patient, asymptomatic group comprised 264 cases (25.5%). Asymptomatic proportion increased 15.3% in 1991 to 34.7% in 1996. 2. Mean age for the occurrence of cervical neoplasm was $44.3{\pm}10.4$ years for the asymptomatic group, and $49.3{\pm}13.2$ years for the symptomatic group, showing statistically significant differences (p=0.001). 3. Among the study subjects, 465 cases(45.0%) had preinvasive lesions and 569 cases(55.0%) had invasive cancers. 4. Percentage of cervical neoplasm patient diagnosed at asymptomatic stages were 45.8% in twenties, 32.0% in thirties, 27.7% in forties, 21.7% in fifties, 18.7% in sixties and 1.8% in above seventies, showing statistically significant differences according to age group(p=0.001). 5. In thirties, 87.2% of the asymptomatic patients were diagnosed as preinvasive lesion and 45.0% of symptomatic patient were diagnosed as preinvasive lesion. With increment of ages, preinvasive lesion proportion were markedly decreased. 6. 76.9% of asymptomatic patients were diagnosed as preinvasive lesion, and 34.0% of symptomatic patients were diagnosed as preinvasive lesion, suggesting screening test at asymptomatic stage can increase preinvasive lesion proportion. 7. preinvasive lesion proportion of asymptomatic patient was highest in thirties(40.4%) and 2nd highest in forties(34.0%). Screening test for cervical neoplasm should be actively carried out from the thirties.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2009

Lung cancer could be developed through a series of morphological changes from dysplasia to carcinoma in situ and then invasive cancer. However, precancerous lesions are generally a few cell layers thick and are detected only by chance. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy(AFB) is one of the newly developed diagnostic tools to detect the pre-cancerous lesions m the bronchial tissue. Several studies have shown that AFB improved the rate of detection of cancer and dysplastic lesions of the airway, especially those in intraepithelial stage. However, there were high rates of false positive with AFB, and it is also important to develop non-biopsy methods because of lack of accurate information of variable course of preneoplastic lesions regarding progression. So, many other technologies were developed, such as narrow band imaging(NBI), endobronchoscopic ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and confocal fluorescence microendoscopy. Among the new machines, NBI is a new optical technology that can clearly visualize the microvascular structure m the mucosal layer. NBI seems to increase specificity without compromising sensitivity. In the future such techniques would make it possible to precisely study in detail the natural history of the premalignant epithelium.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6639-6641
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate the clinical significance of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in PAP test in post-menopausal women and compare with reproductive age women. Materials and Methods: A total of 367 patients who referred to our gynecologic oncology clinic were included to the study between September 2012 and August 2013. Data for 164 post-menopausal (group 1) and 203 pre-menopausal (group 2) women with ASCUS cytology were evaluated retrospectively. Immediate colposcopy and endocervical curettage was performed for both groups and conization for all women with a result suggestive of CIN2-3. Histopathological results and demographic features of patients were compared between the two groups. Results: Mean age of the patients was $54.6{\pm}6.5$ years in group 1 and $38{\pm}6.6$ years in group 2. Some 14 (8.5%) of post-menopausal women and 36 (17.7%) of pre-menopausal women were current smokers (p=011). Totals of 38 (23.2%) post-menopausal and 64 (31.5%) pre-menopausal women were assessed for HPV-DNA. High risk HPV was detected in 7 (4.3%) and 21 (10.3%), respectively (p=0.029). Final histopathological results recorded were normal cervix, low grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN 1), and high grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3). In group 1 results were 84.8%, 12.2% and 1.8%, respectively, and in group 2 were 71.9%, 23.2% and 4.9%. There were no cases of micro invasive or invasive cervical carcinoma in either group. Two cases were detected as endometrial carcinoma in the menopausal group (1.2%). Conclusions: In current study we found that preinvasive lesions were statistically significantly higher in pre-menopausal women than post-menopausal women with ASCUS. Cervicitis was more common in menopausal women. Therefore, we think that in case of ASCUS in a post-menopausal woman there is no need for radical management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3733-3736
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• 2016

HER2/neu is a well-established prognostic and predictive factor for invasive breast cancer. However, the role of HER2/neu in ductal breast carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is debated and recent data have suggested that it is mainly linked to in situ local recurrence. Although molecular data suggest that atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are related lesions, albeit with vastly different clinical implications, the role of HER2/neu expression in atypical ductal hyperplasia is not well defined either. The aim of this study was to evaluate over expression of HER2/neu in DCIS and cases of ADH in comparison with invasive breast carcinoma. Archival primary breast carcinoma paraffin blocks (n=15), DCIS only (n=10) and ductal epithelial hyperplasia and other breast benign lesions (n=25) were analyzed for HER2/neu immunoexpression. Follow up was available for 40% of the patients. HER2/neu was positive in 80%of both DCIS and invasive carcinoma, and 67% of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) cases. Thus at least a subset of patients with preinvasive breast lesions were positive, which strongly suggests a role for Her2/neu in identifying high-risk patients for malignant transformation. Although these are preliminary data, which need further studies of gene amplification within these patients as well as a larger patient cohort with longer periods of follow up, they support the implementation of routine Her2/neu testing in patients diagnosed as pure DCIS and in florid ADH.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5101-5105
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• 2013

The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer remains high in India even after sixty years of introduction of the Pap smear (cervical cytology) which is an effective means of identifying preinvasive lesions of carcinoma cervix. The morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer has come down drastically in countries with well established screening programmes at national level. This study aims at screening women for cervical cancer opportunistically during their visit to hospital and to study various types of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the cervix by cervical smear study (Pap smear study). In the present study, a total of 350 cervical smears were studied. The age of patients ranged from 19 years to 80 years with mean age being 37.5 years. Out of 350 cases, the diagnosis of neoplasia was given in 43 cases and 258 cases were diagnosed as inflammatory smears. Forty-cases were normal and 9 cases were inadequate to evaluate. Forty-three patients who were found to have neoplastic lesions on cytology were referred for further investigations like colposcopy and biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and avail proper treatment. Limitation of the present study was small sample size as all female patients aged between 20 and 60 years visiting hospital were not included in the screening, other screening tests like VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid test) and HPV DNA (human papilloma virus) tests were not done. Until the time centrally organised screening programmes for cervical cancer are established in India, arrangements should be made for hospital based opportunistic screening for all women attending hospital. The cost effectiveness of different screening tests for cervical cancer should be evaluated.