• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2013

The underlying changes in biological processes that are associated with reported changes in mental and physical health in response to yoga breathing ($pr{\bar{a}}n{\bar{a}}y{\bar{a}}ma$) have not been systematically explored yet. In this study, the effects of a yoga breathing program on prefrontal EEG were tested with middle-aged women. Participants were collected as volunteers and controlled into two groups. Two channel EEG was recorded in the prefrontal region (Fp1, Fp2) from the yoga breathing group (n=17) and control group (n=17). QEEG quotients were transformed from the EEGs and analyzed by the ANOVAs on gain scores. As a result, ${\alpha}/{\delta}$ (left, right) and CQ (correlation quotient) for yoga breathing participants were significantly decreased compared to control group (p<.05). ${\alpha}/{\beta}_H+{\alpha}/{\delta}$ (left, right) were increased significantly (p<.05). For those significantly changed QEEG quotients, the interaction effects of Group x prefrontal alpha (${\alpha}$) and beta (${\beta}$) asymmetry were tested. Only the ${\alpha}$ asymmetry showed main effect on the gain score of ${\alpha}/{\beta}_H+{\alpha}/{\delta}$ (right) with F (1, 34)＝5.694 (p<.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient between ${\alpha}$ asymmetry and gain score of ${\alpha}/{\beta}_H+{\alpha}/{\delta}$ (right) was .374 (p<.05). The gain score of ${\alpha}/{\beta}_H+{\alpha}/{\delta}$ (right) was increased for the right ${\alpha}$ dominance of yoga breathing group. On the contrary it was decreased for the left ${\alpha}$ dominance of yoga breathing group as well as the control regardless of the dominance. The result of this study implies that yoga breathing increases stress resistance and is effective in the management of physical stress. Emotionally relaxed people may have greater instantaneous stress reduction after yoga breathing. Moreover, yoga breathing could be also beneficial for depressed who may be more vulnerable to stress.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

This study aims to propose color affective model of indoor space by evaluating subjects' physiological responses according to the types of behavioral and affective system. 99 subjects(44 females, 55 males) in their 20s, who had no disorders in visual perception, participated in the experiment. To categorize the subjects based on behavioral and affective system, BAS/BIS scale and Affective scale were used. Color stimuli were composed of five basic colors and three tones: vivid, pale and dull tone of R, Y, G, B, P. For physiological experiment, right and left prefrontal alpha activity was measured to analyze prefrontal EEG asymmetry. Participants were exposed to fifteen color stimuli for 20 seconds each other under the positive and negative emotional condition in a research room with the natural light blocked. The results and conclusion of this study are as follows. Along with factors of behavioral and affective system, cluster analysis was carried out and four types were classified. Type A had high BAS sensitivity, especially high 'drive' trait, and showed high levels of 'anxiety' and 'anger'. Type B had low BAS sensitivity, especially low 'fun seeking' and low 'drive' trait, and showed low levels of 'anxiety' as well as low levels of 'happiness'. Type C had low BIS sensitivity and showed high levels of 'happiness' and low levels of 'sadness'. Type D had high BIS sensitivity and showed high levels of 'lethargy' and 'sadness'. As a result of EEG signal analysis of color stimuli, Type B, Type C, and Type D showed significant differences in prefrontal alpha asymmetry under the negative emotional stimuli. Type B showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with pale R and dull G. Type C showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with vivid Y and B, pale R, and dull R, G, P. Type D showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with vivid Y and P, pale R, Y, P, and dull R, Y, G, B, P. The group of high BAS sensitivity was not influenced by color stimuli under the emotional conditions, whereas the group of high BIS sensitivity was affected by color stimuli under the negative emotional conditions. They showed left prefrontal activation when they were exposed the spaces with vivid, pale, dull tones of Y and P wall.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2588-2597
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• 2011

The EEG asymmetry of prefrontal lobe has been researched to analyze the affect such as depression or anxiety and the behavioral characteristics such as BIS(Behavioral Inhibition System)/BAS(Behavioral Activational System) on the basiss of alpha band. However there has been several proposals about the importance of beta asymmetry pointing out the limitation of alpha asymmetry. Here, for 44 numbers of 4-year-old children, by comparing alpha asymmetry and beta asymmetry with BIS/BAS results respectively, we propose the way to classify the characteristics of affect and behavioral trend. We also found that BIS is related with beta-asymmetry, while BAS is related with alpha-asymmetry. As for the affective trait, we use the alpha asymmetry following the other results. Our results seem to be consistent with the other results that the synapse formation of young children is more active at the hemisphere than the right hemisphere.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.992-994
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• 2014

Hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal activation have been proposed in two decades ago, as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) power in the theta band (4-8Hz), is related to reactivity to affectively pleasure audio stimuli. In this study, we designed an emotional audio stimulus experiment in order to verify frontal EEG asymmetry by analyzing ERSP results. Thirty healthy college students volunteered the stimulus experiment with the standard IADS affective sounds. These affective sound clips are classified in three emotion states, happy, neutral and fear. ERSP image results revealed that there are the stronger responses of high arousal (fear and happy) in the left prefrontal lobe, while the stronger responses of low arousal (neutral) in the right pre-frontal lobe. However, the high pleasure emotions (happy) can elicit greater relative right EEG activity, while the low and middle pleasure emotions (fear and neutral) can elicit the greater relative left EEG activity. Additionally, the most response differences of theta band have been found out in the medial frontal lobe, which is proved as the frontal midline theta.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.54-57
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• 2008

This study is aimed to inspect how the different sensitivities in Behavioral activation system (BAS) and Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) modulate on the properties of physiological responses stimulated by positive or negative affective sound. We measured the electroencephalogram (EEG) of 32 students, consisted of four groups depending on the BAS and BIS sensitivities, during listening to meditation music or noise. The EEG was recorded at Fp1 and Fp2 sites. After listening to music or noise, subjects reported the affect induced by the sound. For EEG, the power in the alpha band at Fp2, especially in the alpha-2 band (9.0-11.0 Hz) increased during the subjects listening to music, while the power at Fp1 increased during noise. During listening to meditation music, there is a tendency that the left-sided activation in prefrontal cortex (PFC) is positively correlated with the difference of BAS(Z)-BIS(Z). During listening to noise, there is a tendency that the right-sided activation in PFC is dominant in case any of the sensitivity of BAS or BIS is high. From these results we suggest that the physiological responses of different individuals in BAS and BIS react differently under the same emotionally provocative challenge.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.138-143
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 생환공간에서의 음향감성을 평가하기 위하여 긍정감성을 유발하는 음환경으로서 '명상음악'과 부정감성을 유발하는 음환경으로서 '헬리콥터소음'과 '마루가 삐거덕거리는 소음'을 제시하였을 때 행동활성화체계(BAS)와 행동억제체계(BIS)의 민감성이 서로 다른 집단들을 대상으로 전전두엽의(PFC) 비대칭성과 심장박동율변동성(HRV)을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 명상음악을 청취시에는 안정상태에 비하여 좌측전두엽이 더 활성화되고 HRV의 LF/HF는 감소된 반면에 소음환경에서는 우측전두엽이 더 활성화되고 LF/HF는 더 증가하였다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.521-534
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• 2016

This study examined the neurophysiological mechanisms of exercise deprivation by investigating differences in emotion changes and EEG prefrontal asymmetry in relation with exercise. Twenty male undergraduate university students in the 23-27 age range, amateur marathon runners, were selected as the participants (n=20) and divided into one of two experimental conditions at random: (1) exercise deprivation group (n=10), and (2) non-exercise deprivation group (n=10). PANAS-X measurement and EEG measurement from F3 and F4 scalp sites were performed at pre-test, 3 days after exercise deprivation, and 5 days after exercise deprivation. Results revealed that participants of EDG significantly decreased a positive effect after exercise deprivation on EEG and self-reported measures, and showed an increased negative effect after exercise deprivation on self-reported measures. In contrast, participants of NEDG significantly increased positive feelings after exercise and showed a decreased negative effect after exercise on EEG and self-reported measures. Our results showed that exercise deprivation increasing negative emotion after exercise deprivation. The findings of this study suggest that EEG frontal brain asymmetry can be used as diagnosing method for exercise deprivation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2020

This study examines the clinical availability of alpha amplitude, asymmetry and mean frequency in old age as EEG indexes reflecting brain health condition. The EEGs of prefrontal lobes in eye closure state were measured for 4 minutes with 72 male and female elderly people aged 73. Subjects were divided into higher and lower groups based on average values of alpha amplitude, asymmetry and mean frequency. The results of correlations and t-test among EEG indexes were as follows. First, the higher Alpha altitude was, the higher physical and mental stress resistance and left-to-right brain communication were, and the lower mean Alpha mean frequency location was. The higher Alpha asymmetry was, the lower left-to-right communication level was. Second, as Alpha power of right brain was higher than that of left brain, Alpha amplitude and mental stress resistance and left-to-right brain communication level were higher. Third, as Alpha mean frequency location was higher, Alpha amplitude and mental anti-stress level were lowered and arousal level was enhanced. These high correlations and complementary meaning among quantitative EEG indicators demonstrated the possibility of biomarkers reflecting brain health state in old age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.113-119
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• 2000

The Pansori is a Korean traditional vocal music that has a unique story and melody which converts deep emotion into art. It has both verbal and emotional components. which can be coordinated by large-scale neural network. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the cortical network activated by a Korean traditional opera, Pansori, with different emotional valence using functional MRI (fMRI).Nine right-handed volunteers participated. Their mean age was 25.3 and the mean modified Edinburgh score was +90.1. Activation tasks were designed for the subjects to passively listen to the two parts of Pansories with sad or hilarious emotional valence. White noise was introduced during the control periods. Imaging was conducted on a 1.5T Siemens Vision Vision scanner. Single-shot echoplanar fMRI scans (TR/TE 3840/40 ms, flip angle 90, FOV 220, 64 x 64 matrix, 6mm thickness) were acquired in 20 contiguous slices. Imaging data were motion-corrected, coregistered, normalized, and smoothed using SPM-96 software.Bilateral posterior temporal regions were activated in both of Pansori tasks, but different asymmetry between the tasks was found. The Pansori with sad emotion showed more activation in the light superior temporal regions as well as the right inferior frontal and the orbitofrontal areas than in the right superior temporal regions as well as the right inferior frontal and the orbitofrontal areas than in the left side. In the Pansori with hilarious emotion, there was a remarkable activation in the left hemisphere especially at the posterior temporal and the temporooccipital regions as well as in the left inferior and the prefrontal areas. After subtraction between two tasks, the sad Pansori showed more activation in the right temporoparietal and the orbitofrontal areas, in contrast, the one with hilarious emotion showed more activation in the left temporal and the prefrontal areas. These results suggested that different hemispheric asymmetry and cortical areas are subserved for the processing of different emotional valences carried by the Pansories.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.95-96
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• 2009

행동활성화 및 억제체계의 민감성에 따라 4 개 집단으로 분류하고, 각 집단에 대하여 뇌파를 측정하여 전전두엽의 비대칭성을 평가하였다. 이들 각 집단에 대하여 긍정적 감성을 유발시킬 수 있는 음향(명상음악)과 부정적 감성을 유발시킬 수 있는 음향(소음)을 제시하여 그 반응을 분석한 결과, 명상음악 청취에 대한 주관적 감성평가는 4 개 집단 모두 비슷한 수준의 긍정적 감성을 나타냈지만, 전전두엽의 비대칭성은 행동억제체계가 민감한 집단에 비하여 행동활성화체계가 민감한 집단일수록 좌측 전전두엽이 더 활성화되는 것으로 나타나 Davidson 의 행동활성화 및 행동억제체계의 단일차원을 지지한다. 소음청취에 대한 주관적 평가에서는 4개 집단 모두 비슷한 수준의 부정적 감성을 나타낸 반면에, 전전두엽의 비대칭성은 행동활성화 또는 억제체계의 민감성이 어느 하나라도 높은 3 개 집단 모두에서 우측 전전두엽이 더 활성화 되었지만, 민감성이 모두 낮은 나머지 1 개 집단에서는 좌측 전전두엽이 더 활성화되는 것으로 나타나 Gray의 행동활성화 및 행동억제체계의 독립차원을 지지한다.