• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1156-1162
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• 2014

The study is part of the Chinese beverage selection attributes according to dietary style purchases based on the different dietary styles among different factors and consumer behavior analysis of consumer characteristics. The subjects of study were for the people living in Tianjin China objects directly in the local implementation of the questionnaire survey. A statistical analysis of 455 was conducted using SPSS 19. Using the general statistical analysis and cause analysis and reliability analysis, ANOVA test and cross analysis. Investigation object types related dietary style 20 projects, selection attributes 14 exploratory analysis of the causes, according to the results of dietary style in five factors, respectively of the health oriented, convenience oriented, economy oriented, gourmet oriented, food safety oriented convenient type named pursuit. Selection attributes is to consider three items of the preference factors, production and functional factors, information factors named. Food safety oriented showed a high percentage, Gourmet oriented compared to other types of higher proportion of singles. Food safety oriented production and functional factors to purchase consideration magazine and newspaper has obtained the information. Gourmet oriented production and functional factors to purchase consideration TV and radio were obtained by using the information. Health oriented green tea beverages have been preferred.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.37-48
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• 2008

This study re-examines new aesthetic values pursued by Givenchy, analyzing by the Haute Couture line's chief designers. The following conclusions have been reached: Hubert de Givenchy pursued modernity, infused with simplicity and structured stability. In particular, Audrey Hepburn, who was a loyal client and used his line in several movies, provided him the platform for international exposure which he used to further develop what became known as the "Hepburn" style. The subsequent brief tenure of John Galliano did yield the fantastic and magnificent "Galliano-style", but with irregularity. Based on romanticism, it redefined fashion using a wide range of colors, subjects and decoration. His successor, Alexander McQueen, applied opposite elements using a hybrid technique of pastiche, parody and collage. With innovative inspiration he compromised the concepts of gender, time, space and cultures and recreated futuristic forms of nature, animals, insects and mythical images. Julien Macdonald, who was appointed in 2001 as the Artistic Director for the women's collections, minimized his individual style and preferred feminine, graceful and sexy silhouettes. He breathed fresh life in to Givenchy Haute Couture, reinterpreting the Hepburn style in a modernistic mode. Being passed on the responsibility for both collections (i.e., haute couture and ready-to-wear) in 2005, Riccardo Tisci redefined elegance, combining his unique and tailored gothic style with Givenchy's grace. He is developing the future of Givenchy, experimenting with volume, silhouettes, new kinds of fabric and techniques.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.190-199
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• 2010

Nowadays the increasing improvement of quality of life have been required more diversified housing environment. And it also focused on concern about Korean traditional housing style, Hanok. There were several studies applied to traditional style design on Hanok. but few on Hanokstyle apartment. So the purpose of this study were to identify the consumer awareness on Hanok style apartment plan and its design details. The research were done by questionnaire methode. It were distributed to 130 city and rural residents. 109 questionnaires were analyzed by frequency, Percentage, $x^2$-test, F-test, ANOVA, t-test, and factor analysis. The major results were as follows. First, 70% of respondents revealed their intention to live in Hanokstyle housing if it has improved conveniency and lowered maintenance expenses. Second, they preferred under 5 story row house type or apartment type Hanok located in suburbs. Third, Hanokstyle apartment characteristics were expected to have visual openness, good view, traditional decor, functional, rhythmical and transitional space. And also they wanted traditional Madang(inner garden) and Maru(a wooden floor room) located next to living room.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.628-634
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• 2009

It is a common practice in Hong Kong for the main contractors of local building projects to sublet most of the work to subcontractors. Consequently their roles have gradually transformed from a constructor to a manager of subcontractors. The outcomes of a project therefore depend heavily on the subcontractors' performance. However, most of the subcontractors complain that they are unable to efficiently and effectively operate due to site coordination problems, such as inaccurate site reference lines, caused by main contractors. The site problems may consume significant amounts of resources if practical solutions cannot be agreed by the project participants early enough. Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II) model was developed by M.A. Rahim that measure five types of conflict management style including Integrating, Obliging, Dominating, Avoiding and Compromising. This paper presents the questionnaire survey based on the ROCI-II model to rank the preference on the conflict management style adopted by the project representatives of the subcontractors in handling the site coordination problems and its impact to the time used to agree the solutions to the different types of site coordination problems with main contractor. The survey results show that most of the subcontractors' project representatives preferred to adopt the Compromising style to tackle the site coordination problems and the time used to agree the solutions with main contractor was influenced by the conflict management style adopted.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to recognize college students' thinking way for hair fashion. The tendency of hair style, hair dyeing and hair administration was examined with college students in Seoul, some cities and towns. Research analyzed and compared the result according to the distinction of sex, age and area. The questionnaire was asked to 257 boy students and 328 girl students. The result in this research is as following. 1. It was shown that our country college students were satisfied with their hair style on the whole. Especially, college students in Seoul appeared more satisfied tendency than other city or town. Seoul's college students preferred hair style of short haircut. Wide area city or small town's college students preferred long hair style. The degree of satisfaction about beauty salon service of Seoul city's college students is higher than that of wide area city or small town's college students. The reasons that they want to go to the beauty salon they used to are distance for boy students and excellent technology for girl students. Boy students change hair style regularly, but girl students change it when need to change their mood. 2. In our country, most college students had experienced that they had their hair dyed. More senior students had their hair dyed than junior students. Hair color that most like was nature brown. Seoul college students liked gold color. Seoul college students are more satisfied than wide area city or small town's college students after hair dyeing. Girl students thought that hair dyeing made their hair style excellent. 4. Girl students responded that their hair was much damaged. College students in Seoul had healthy hair. Girl students selected 「beauty art surgical operation」 for cause of hair damage, and boy student had the various causes of hair damage. College students in Seoul had much hair damage than students in any other area. Most were using shampoo, and girl students used much shampoo than boy students. Girl students selected shampoo according to their hair state, Seoul's college students had their hair washed with shampoo more frequently than other students. Girl students were getting more hair administration information with various form than boy students. Girl students used Hair Clinic for hair administration, but boy students never did it.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.284-295
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• 2019

Celebrities form a dominant culture of one era and are cultivating influence to lead new fashion. Domestic women celebrities attending Seoul Fashion Week build their image as a fashion leader by exposing their own fashion aesthetics to the public. This promotes PR and sales of the brand of fashion designers in the collection. This study considers the fashion trends of women celebrities by analyzing the fashion style of women celebrities in Seoul Collection over the recent five years. The results of this study on contents analysis are as follows. First, straight silhouettes, achromatic colors, and an absence of a pattern or decoration comprised a high proportion. Celebrities preferred a modern and minimal style. Second, they preferred a feminine style that shows traditional feminine beauty through slim and princess silhouettes, one-piece dress or skirts, soft materials, and decorations with ruffles. In addition, as a matching jacket on one-piece dresses also appeared, it showed that celebrities attempted to change the chic feminine style with masculine beauty. Third, boxy silhouettes, multi-color mixed with colorful colors, graphic or lettering patterns, glittering materials and lots of details comprised a high proportion. This means celebrities pursue a maximal style that reveals their strong presence as fashion leaders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.5
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• pp.219-235
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• 1981

Jik-Ryoung was originally desinged to be worn by lower-class people in the reign of King Woo(A.D 1387, Goryeo) when official dresses and headgear were redsigned according to Ming's (明) style. It was observed that Jik-Ryoung was the same Po(袍) as Dan-Ryoung(團領) except its straight collar. Nowadays we can find through documents and original forms of Jik-Ryoung itself that Jik-Ryoung prevailed from the beginning to the end of the Yi Dynasty. Lower class people wore this coat until King Sejo(世祖), but from that time the Jik-Ryoung could be worn only by the Noble class as street clothes and home wear as well. Middle class people wore this coat as an office wear. Its style had changed from narrow sleeves and Moo (무, a reinforcing cloth strip) at the beginning to widers and Moo after the middle years of the Dynasty and finally fixed its style to sewing upper parts of Moo together. While red, white, and blue were the common colors, silk, hemp, cotton, and ramie were preferred materials to be made of.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.298-309
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• 2003

This paper was done to identify the types and the characteristics of street fashion of men living in world fashion-leading cities. 608 male photos taken on the main streets of 4 world fashion-leading cities such as London, New York, Paris, Tokyo were used as data. Photos were viewed by students and classified according to overall images and the common aspects of characteristic style. Fashion images of male were classified into 11 groups, which were suits, casual, hip-hop, rockers/punks, hippies, ethnic, western, military, new romantic, skirt, androgynous. Frequency distribution showed that casual image was mostly preferred and 1311owe4 by suit, rocker/punks. Military and hippies were least favored. In each category, almost every style looked unique and creative as a result of mixing and cross-coordination of different clothing items.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

To investigate the dietary behavior and food preference by the obesity index, 524 children (male 265, female 259) from 4 elementary schools in Gyeonggi area participated in this study. The overweight group included more boys (52.5%) than girls (47.5%). The overweight group had significantly higher values in height, weight, Obesity index (OI), Body mass index (BMI), and Rohrer index (RI) than the underweight or normal weight groups. The majority (43.4%) of children showed 11-20 minutes of eating time, and boys ate significantly rapidly than girls (p<0.00l). Snack was consumed 2-3 times a day, with the preference principally for ice-cream and cookies. The frequency of eating out was 1-2 times a month, representing 71.4% of subjects, and 73.3% of children preferred Korean style meals, followed by Western, Chinese and Japanese foods. Twigim (frying) was the preferred cooking method for vegetables, fish and meat. The food preference study showed that Ssalbap, Hyunmibap and Boribap were preferred in the rice group. For one-dish foods in the rice group, Jjajangbap, Kimchibokeumbap, Bokeumbap were preferred, with the tendency that boys preferred significantly more Curry rice (p<0.05) and Chickenbap (p<0.01) than girls. The preference for guk, jjigae, and tang group showed that Soegogimiyeokguk, Chamchikimchijjigae were preferred Boys preferred significantly more Samgyetang (p<0.05), Haemultang (p<0.05) and Yukgaejang (p<0.01) than girls, and girls preferred significantly more Kongbijijjigae (p<0.05) than boys. It is considered that organized and continuous nutritional education beginning in childhood, is necessary to for the development and formation of desirable dietary behaviors.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.217-235
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptual learning style preferences of 97 Korean EFL students in middle school. Furthermore, it examined if students' learning styles varied in terms of gender and grade level. Data was collected by using Reid's (1987) PLSPQ and a personal background questionnaire and was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, MANOVA, ANOVA, and t-test. The results revealed that subjects had all six major learning styles but among them, auditory, group, and visual styles were the most preferred by them. The results found in this study, presented that Korean EFL middle school students favored learning English through listening, reading and working in groups and that younger students preferred learning through physical involvement and practicum. The findings of this study provide a number of useful insights for EFL and ESL educators and instructors in Korea. The current study suggests that a great number of variables such as culture, learning situation of the target country, age, and grade level can all play important roles in shaping the learning preferences and the learning styles of students. Considering these variables and promoting a curriculum that is interesting, appealing and successful may help maximize student L2 learning.