• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
• /
• v.10 no.1_2
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2005

Predatory nematodes are ubiquitous and feed on soil microorganisms including plant parasitic nematodes. They reduce populations of plant parasitic nematodes in virtually all soils because of their constant association with plant parasitic nematodes in the rhizosphere. Predatory potential of several species of predacious nematodes, belonging to the orders Mononchida, Diplogasterida, Dorylaimida and Aphelenchida, have been studied in detail on plant parasitic nematodes but most of the studies were based on in vitro experiments. A review of progress on the use of predatory nematodes as biological control agents of plant parasitic nematodes reveals that advocacy for predatory nematodes dates back to the early $20^{th}$ century; nevertheless, their potential has begun to be studied in recent years. Information on the efficacy of predatory nematodes under field conditions is lacking; however, some predatory nematodes have given very promising results against plant parasitic nematodes. This article summarizes research progress to date on predatory nematodes and discusses about their possible use in the management of plant parasitic nematodes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil Zoology Conference
• /
• 2005.09a
• /
• pp.16-18
• /
• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil Zoology Conference
• /
• 2003.06a
• /
• pp.12-12
• /
• 2003

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2002

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2000

Fifty-two nematode predatory fungi were isolated from 37 soil samples collected from eight provinces in Korea. Isolated fungi were tested their predacity against Rhabditis sp. and Meloidogyne incognita in petri dish, and against M. incognita in greenhouse pot experiments. Fifty isolates had trapping organ of adhesive networks and two isolates had adhesive column or adhesive knob. In petri dish experiments, 5 1 isolates against Rhubditis sp. and 26 isolates against M. incognita showed over 91 % of predacity; in greenhouse experiments, however, only three isolates showed over 81% of predacity. These results imply that the results from the laboratory experiments are not consistent with those from the greenhouse experiments. Therefore, to select a promising biocontrol predatory fungi for plant-parasitic nematodes, the screening experiment should be conducted in conditions close to nature.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
• /
• v.7 no.1_2
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2002

Two new and two known species of mononchid nematodes from Korea are described and illustrated. lotonchus cucumis sp. n. is characterized by 2.9-3.2 ㎜ long body, presence of 3 each pre- and post-vulval papillae, vagina with cuticularized pieces, a long tail with terminal spinneret. Mylonchulus unicus sp. n. has 1.1-1.2 ㎜ long body, and is characterized by having 2 pairs of teeth on subventral walls of buccal cavity; submedian denticles arranged in 2-3 rows, very short post-vulval sac and terminal spinneret. Mononchus sinensis Soni and Nama (1983) and Mononchus aquaticus Coetzee (1968) are reported for the first time from Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.174-178
• /
• 2006

Monacroporium ullum sp. nov. the captures nematodes on adhesive spherical knobs was isolated from soil around Codonopsis lanceolata at Ulleung island, Korea. The spindle-shaped conidia sized $17-44{\mu}m\;(26.5{\mu}m)\;long,\;7-10{\mu}m\;(8.1{\mu}m)$ wide, containing from 1 to 4 cross-walls but most often divided by 2 septa (47%). Resting bodies sized $57{\times}30{\mu}m$. Arthrobotrys amerospora has almost spherical non-septate conidia with a small truncate protuberance at the base and sized $20-27{\mu}m\;(23.3){\mu}m$ long and $11-17{\mu}m\;(14.1){\mu}m$ wide. Conidiophores are somewhat longer $362.8{\mu}m\;(311-418{\mu}m)$ than its original description ($75-250{\mu}m$).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.210-211
• /
• 2007

Dactylella pseudoclavata that captures nematodes in adhesive networks was isolated from nematode-infested strawberry plants from Andong, Korea. It produces obclavate, 0-1 septate conidia, $30-40{\mu}m$ long and $8-11{\mu}m$ wide, with round distal ends and bases shaped like bottle-necks. The conidiophores were simple, occasionally branched, $150-300{\mu}m$ long, producing 1-4 conidia at the apex. Chlamydospores were abundant, intercalary or catenulate, yellowish to brown, globate or subglobate, wart on the surface, $30-35{\times}25-30{\mu}m$ in size. This is the first report of Dactylella pseudoclavata in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.291-301
• /
• 2019

Nematophagous fungi can capture, kill, and digest nematodes using a specific capturing organ. Of the nematophagous fungi, while Arthrobotrys flagrans and A. superba have been described previously, certain characteristics have not been described. For a detailed description of the two nematophagous fungi, the fungi were isolated from soil samples and produced in a pure culture. Morphological characteristics, such as predatory ability (according to the nematode species), shape, and size of predatory organ, conidia, and chlamydospore were investigated and they were used for identification of the fungal isolates along with molecular phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, this study provides the classification key for 21 nematophagous species.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.329-339
• /
• 2016

The short-term effects of low-level contamination by heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, and Pb) on the soil health were examined by analyzing soil nematode community in soils planted with tomatoes. For this, the soils were irrigated with five metal concentrations ([1, 1/4, $1/4^2$, $1/4^3$, and 0] ${\times}$ maximum concentrations [MC] detected in irrigation waters near abandoned mine sites) for 18 weeks. Heavy metal concentrations were significantly increased in soils irrigated with MC of heavy metals, among which As and Cu exceeded the maximum heavy metal residue contents of soil approved in Korea. In no heavy metal treatment controls, nematode abundances for all trophic groups (except omnivorous-predatory nematodes [OP]) and colonizer-persister (cp) values (except cp-4-5) were significantly increased, and all maturity indices (except maturity index [MI] of plant-parasitic nematodes) and structure index (SI) were significantly decreased, suggesting the soil environments might have been disturbed during 18 weeks of tomato growth. There were no concentration-dependent significant decreases in richness, abundance, or MI for most heavy metals; however, their significant decreases occurred in abundance and richness of OP and cp-4, MI2-5 (excluding cp-1) and SI, indicating disturbed soil ecosystems, at the higher concentrations (MC and MC/4) of Pb that had the most significant negative correlation coefficients for heavy metal concentrations and nematode community among the heavy metals. Therefore, the short-term effects of low-level heavy metal contamination on soil health can be analyzed by nematode community structures before the appearance of plant damages caused by the abiotic agents, heavy metals.