• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.1215-1222
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• 2009

The present work pertains to a research program to study Molten Fuel-Coolant Interactions (MFCI), which may occur in a nuclear power plant during a hypothetical severe accident. Dynamics of the hot liquid (melt) droplet and the volatile liquid (coolant) were investigated in the MISTEE (Micro-Interactions in Steam Explosion Experiments) facility by performing well-controlled, externally triggered, single-droplet experiments, using a high-speed visualization system with synchronized digital cinematography and continuous X-ray radiography. The current study is concerned with the MISTEE-NCG test campaign, in which a considerable amount of non-condensable gases (NCG) are present in the film that enfolds the molten droplet. The SHARP images for the MISTEE-NCG tests were analyzed and special attention was given to the morphology (aspect ratio) and dynamics of the air/ vapor bubble, as well as the melt drop preconditioning. Energetics of the vapor explosion (conversion ratio) were also evaluated. The MISTEE-NCG tests showed two main aspects when compared to the MISTEE test series (without entrapped air). First, analysis showed that the melt preconditioning still strongly depends on the coolant subcooling. Second, in respect to the energetics, the tests consistently showed a reduced conversion ratio compared to that of the MISTEE test series.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1392-1399
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• 2005

This study evaluated the effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol ($\alpha$-TC), ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or a combination on the extent of mitochondrial injury caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Rats were pretreated with $\alpha$-TC (20 mg/kg per day, i.p.) for 3 days before sustained ischemia. A rat liver was preconditioned with 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion, and was then subjected to 90 min of ischemia followed by 5 h or 24 h of reperfusion. I/R increased the aminotransferase activity and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, whereas it decreased the mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity. $\alpha$-TC and IPC individually attenuated these changes. $\alpha$-TC combined with IPC ($\alpha$-TC+IPC) did not further attenuate the changes. The mitochondrial glutathione content decreased after 5 h reperfusion. This decrease was attenuated by $\alpha$-TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. The significant production of peroxides observed after 10 min reperfusion subsequent to sustained ischemia was attenuated by $\alpha$-TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. The mitochondria isolated after I/R were rapidly swollen. However, this swelling rate was reduced by $\alpha$­TC, IPC, and $\alpha$-TC+IPC. These results suggest that either $\alpha$-TC or IPC reduces the level of mitochondrial damage associated with oxidative stress caused by hepatic I/R, but $\alpha$- TC combined with IPC offers no significant additional protection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.809-822
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• 2001

배경: 허혈성 전처치는 허혈-재관류 심장의 심근괴사, 부정맥 발생 및 심근기능 회복에 효과가 있다. 이러한 허혈성 전처치의 심장보호효과에 대한 기전에 관하여 여러 가설이 제시되고 있기는 하지만, 아직 그 자세한 기전이 밝혀지지는 않았다. 따라서 단시간의 허혈성 전처치 및 교감신경 $\alpha$-수용체와 관련된 약물학적 전처치 후 허혈_재관류 심장의 심기능 회복의 변화를 연구해 봄으로써, 허혈성 전처치에 의한 심근기능 회복의 유발 기전과 교감신경계 작용 약물에 의한 약물학적 전처치법의 유용성에 대해 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 흰쥐의 적출 심장을 Langendorff에 의해 고안된 비박출성 역관류 장치에 연결하여 심장온을 정상으로 유지하면서 전처치 조건 부여방법 및 전처치 조건 차단 방법에 따라 6개군으로 나누어 실험을 실시하였다. 즉 전처치 조건 비부여군은 I군(n=10), 3분간 허혈성전처치 조건 부군은 ll군(n=10), phenylephrine 전처치 부여군은 III군(n=10), clonidine 전처치 부여군은 IV군으로 하였으며, phenylephrine+prazosin 전처치 조건 부여군은 V군 그리고 clonidine + yohimbine 전처치 조건 부여군은 Vl군으로 하여, 재관류 후 혈역학적 인자 및 관상동맥 관류량의 변화를 측정하여 비교하였다. 결과: 재관류 20분부터 developed pressure는 처치 조건 비부여군(I군)의 49.5 $\pm$ 4.3%에 비해 전처치 조건을 부여한 II, III, 군에서 63.1 $\pm$ 3.7%, 64.8 $\pm$ 4.6%로 단위시간당 수축기 좌심실압의 회복율은 47.0 $\pm$ 5.7%에 비해 64.5 $\pm$ 4.6%, 63.8 : 4.4%로 유의하게 개선된 소견을 보였으나(P<0.05), ll, III군에서 reserpine 및 prazosin으로 전처치 조건을 차단한 V, Vl군은 동일한 재관류 시간이 경과한 후 developed pressure는 52.2 $\pm$ 5.2%, 49.8 $\pm$ 5.7%로 단위시간당 수축기 좌심실압의 회복율은 54.8 $\pm$ 5.1%, 53.3 $\pm$ 3.6%로 II, III군에 비해 유의한 회복율의 감소를 보였고 이러한 회복율은 I군에 비해 유의한 차가 없었다. 결론: 교감신경 $\alpha$-수용체 작용약물에 의한 약물학적 전처치는 재관류 후 심근기능 회복에 유익한 효과를 나타냈으며, 이러한 전처치 효과는 교감신경계 신경전달물질의 고갈이나 $\alpha$1-수용체 차단제에 의해 소멸되는 것으로 보아 전처치에 의한 심근보호효과는 교감신경계 전달물질 및 $\alpha$1-수용체를 통해 유도됨을 알 수 있다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.177-184
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• 2009

Cavitating flow simulation is of practical importance for many engineering systems, such as marine propellers, pump impellers, nozzles, injectors, torpedoes, etc. The present work has focused on the simulation of cavitating flow past cylinders with strong side flows. The governing equation is the Navier-Stokes equation based on the homogeneous mixture model. The momentum and energy equation is in the mixture phase while the continuity equation is solved liquid and vapor phase, separately. An implicit dual time and preconditioning method are employed for computational analysis. For the code validation, the results from the present solver have been compared with experiments and other numerical results. A fairly good agreement with the experimental data and other numerical results have been obtained. After the code validation, the strong side flow was applied to include the wake flow effects of the submarine or ocean tide.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.149-154
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• 2009

The cavitating flow simulation is of practical importance for many engineering systems, such as marine propellers, pump impellers, nozzles, injectors, torpedoes, etc. The present work has focused on the simulation of cavitating flow past cylinders with strong side flow. The governing equation is the Navier-Stokes equation based on homogeneous mixture model. The momentum and energy equation is in the mixture phase while the continuity equation is solved liquid and vapor phase, separately. An implicit dual time and preconditioning method are employed for computational analysis. The results from the present solver have been in a fairly good agreement with the experimental data and other numerical results. After the code validation the strong side flow was applied to include the wake flow effect of the submarine.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2004

The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions are stabilized by a modified residual method, and then discretized by hierarchical elements. The stabilization is necessary to escape from the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi(LBB) constraint and hence to achieve an equal order formulation. To expedite a standard iterative method such as the conjugate gradient squared(CGS) method, a preconditioning technique called the Hierarchical Iterative Procedure(HIP) has been applied. In this paper, we increased the order of interpolation within an element up to cubic. The hierarchical elements have been used to achieve a higher order accuracy in fluid flow analyses, but a proper efficient iterative procedure for higher order finite element formulation has not been available so far The numerical results by the present HIP for the lid driven cavity flow and others showed the present procedure to be stable, very efficient and useful in flow analyses in conjunction with hierarchical elements.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.169-177
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• 2005

A high resolution scheme for solving gas-liquid two-phase flows with cavitation is described. This scheme uses the curvilinear coordinate grid and solves the density based momentum equations for mixture of gas-liquid medium with a preconditioning method to treat both compressible and incompressible flow characteristics. The present preconditioned method is based on the Runge-Kutta explicit finite-difference scheme, and is improved by using the diagonalization, the flux difference splitting and the MUSCL-TVD schemes to save computational effort and to increase stability and resolvability, especially at gas-liquid contact surfaces. A homogeneous equilibrium cavitation model is used to treat the gas-liquid two-phase medium in cavitating flow as a locally homogeneous pseudo-single-phase medium. Therefore, it is easy to solve cavitating flow, including wave propagation, large density changes and incompressible flow characteristic at low Mach number. Some numerical results obtained by the present scheme are shown.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.269-272
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• 2005

Due to the high density and heating value, liquid fuel is attractive for ramjet propulsion system. Liquid fuel requires time to evaporation and mix with incoming air before ignition; insufficient evaporation and mixing result in low combustion efficiency and instability. So the numerical studies are conducted to investigate the spray and combustion characteristics of a liquid-fueled dump type Integrated Rocket Ramjet combustor. The governing equations are solved by means of a finite-volume using time derivative preconditioning method for chemical reacting flow. The liquid phase is treated by solving Lagrangian equations of motion and transport for the life histories of a statistically significant sample of individual droplets.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제15권1_2호
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• pp.299-312
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• 2004

ILUS factorization has many desirable properties such as its amenability to the skyline format, the ease with which stability may be monitored, and the possibility of constructing a preconditioner with symmetric structure. In this paper we introduce a new preconditioning technique for general sparse linear systems based on the ILUS factorization strategy. The resulting preconditioner has the same properties as the ILUS preconditioner. Some theoretical properties of the new preconditioner are discussed and numerical experiments on test matrices from the Harwell-Boeing collection are tested. Our results indicate that the new preconditioner is cheaper to construct than the ILUS preconditioner.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2010년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

Cavitating flow is widely shown in many engineering systems, such as marine propellers, pump impellers, nozzles, injectors, torpedoes, etc. The present work focuses on the numerical analysis of the multiphase flow around the underwater vehicle which was launched from a submarine. The governing equation is the Navier-Stokes equation with a homogeneous mixture mode. The multiphase flow solver uses an implicit preconditioning scheme in curvilinear coordinate. For the code validation, the results from the present work are compared with the existing experimental and numerical results, and a reasonably good agrements are obtained. The multiphase flow around an underwater vehicle is simulated which includes submarine wake effects.