• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.428-440
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• 2023

Global meat consumption is increasing worldwide, however, supply remains lacking. Several alternative protein sources, such as cultured meat, plant-based protein production, and edible insects, have been proposed to overcome this shortage. Interestingly, edible insects are characterized by superior digestive and absorptive qualities that make them the ideal replacement for traditional protein production. This study aims to further the processing ability of insect protein by investigating the effects of various pre-treatment methods, such as blanching (HB), roasting (HR), and superheated steam (HS), on the nutritional properties and physicochemical characteristics of proteins extracted from Hermetia illucens larvae. The drying rate, pH value, color analysis, amino and fatty acid profile, as well as bulk density, shear force, and rehydration ratios of the above pre-treatment methods, were explored. HS was found to have the highest drying rate and pH value analysis showed that HB and HS samples have significantly higher values compared to the other modalities. Raw edible insects had the highest value in the sum of essential amino acid (EAA) and EAA index when compared to EAAs. HB and HS showed significantly lower bulk density results, and HS showed the highest shear force and the highest value in rehydration ratio, regardless of immersion time. Therefore, taking the above results together, it was found that blanching and superheated steam blanching pre-treatment were the most effective methods to improve the processing properties of H. illucens after hot-air drying.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of Therapeutic Play Program on the pre-operative anxiety of the preschoolers. The design of this study is a quasi experimental study of non-equivalent control group pre-test/post-test design. Method: The subjects of this study were the hospitalized preschoolers receiving an operation in C University Hospital. These totalled 60 and were divided into a 30-person-control-group and a 30-person-experimental-group. The data was collected from June 1 to October 5, 2002. The Experimental treatment was carried out according to Therapeutic Play Program developed by Researcher. The instruments used in this study were the observational records for Hospitalized preschooler's Anxiety behavior response, pulse rate, and respiration rate of the preschooler's. The collected data were analyzed with real numbers, percentage, t-test, and $X^2$-test, using SPSS WIN 11.0 program. Result: Hypothesis, "The experimental group provided with a Therapeutic Play Program would show a lower score of the pre-operative anxiety behavior(t=13.79, p=.00), pre-operative pulse(t=4.50, p=.00) and pre-operative respiration rate(t=4.29, p=.00) response than when the control group was not provided", was supported. Conclusion: Therapeutic Play Program is determined to be useful for reducing Pre-operative anxiety of the preschoolers.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.845-848
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• 2003

We investigated a field emission property of CNTs grown on pre-treated substrates by $H_{2}$ plasma etching method in vacuum chamber (<${10^{-7}}$ Torr). To improve the emission characteristics, various catalysts and buffer layers were used. The morphology and density of catalyst layer was controlled by the different plasma pre-treatment conditions, resulting in the control of the growth characteristics of CNTs.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.239-244
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• 2005

Nano-sizedporearrayswerepreparedbytheself-organizationprocessesoftheanodicoxidationusingthealuminumplatewith99.999$\%$purity.Sincethealuminumplatehasaroughsurface,thealuminumplateof1mmthicknesswasanodizedafterthepre-treatmentsofpressing,mechanicalpolishing,thermaloxidation,chemicalpolishing,andelectrochemicalpolishing.Thediameterofthenano-sizedporesandthethicknessofbarrierlayercanbecontrolledbyappliedvoltage.Thethicknessofaluminamembranecanalsobecontrolledbytheanodizingcurrent.Thenano-sizedporeswithdiameterof60$\~$120nm,thedistancebetweenthenearestporesof30$\~$60nm,andthethicknessof6$\~$7Wwereobtainedbytheanodicoxidationprocess.Theporewideningprocesswasemployedforobtainingtheone-channelwithflatsurfacebecausetheporesofthealuminamembranepreparedbythefixedvoltagemethodshowsthestructureoftwo-channelwithroughsurface.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop eco-printing method using natural dyes combined with chitosan treatment to impart various pattern effect on cotton fabric. It was examined whether tone-on-tone pattern effects could be produced by screen printing with chitosan paste and subsequently dip-dyed in natural dye bath. For polychromic colorants, fabrics were pre-mordanted and then screen printed with chitosan, while only chitosan printing treatment was applied for monochromic colorants. Color, dye uptake, washing, light and rubbing fastnesses of printed fabrics were measured in relation to the presence of chitosan printing. Pre-mordanting and chitosan printing treatment were applied to such polychromic colorants as madder, sappanwood, onion and cochineal. Also, printing pattern formation on fabrics was evaluated by differences in dye uptake and color. The results suggested that madder, onion and cochineal were effective on pattern formation. Regarding sappanwood, since dye uptake was increased only by pre-mordanting without chitosan printing treatment, there was little color difference and thus patterns were not clearly distinguished. Chitosan printing treatment tended to increase washing, light and rubbing fastnesses of dyed fabrics with polychromic colorants. Chitosan printing treatment was applied to monochromic colorants such as chlorophyll, gardenia and indigo and the effect of printing formation was examined according to the difference in dye uptake. Among monochromic dyes tried, chlorophyll was effective and chitosan printing improved washing and light fastnesses.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

An atmospheric plasma pre-treatment method was applied to polyurethane foam to improve its contact angle and adhesion. In order to investigate the optimum reaction condition of plasma treatment, type of reaction gas (nitrogen, argon, oxygen, air), rate of gas flow (30~150 mL/min), and reaction time (0~30 sec) were examined in a plate plasma reactor. Also, the effects were compared to those of a conventional vacuum plasma pre-treatment system. The result of the surface modification with respect to the treatment procedure was characterized by using SEM and ATR-FTIR. Due to a decrease of the contact angle of polyurethane foam, the greatest adhesion strength was achieved at a flow rate of 100 mL/min and at a reaction time of 10s for N2 gas. Consequently, the atmospheric plasma treatment reduced the contact angle of the polyurethane foam and also resulted in the improvement of the peel strength.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2013

The experimental verification of treatment planning on the treatment spot is the ultimate method to assure quality of radiotherapy, so in-vivo skin dose measurement is the essential procedure to confirm treatment dose. In this study, glass rod dosimeter (GRD), which is a kind of photo-luminescent based dosimeters, was studied to produce a guideline to use GRDs in vivo dosimetry for quality assurance of radiotherapy. The pre-processing procedure is essential to use GRDs. This is a heating operation for stabilization. Two kinds of pre-processing methods are recommended by manufacturer: a heating method (70 degree, 30 minutes) and a waiting method (room temperature, 24 hours). We equally irradiated 1.0 Gy to 20 GRD elements, and then different preprocessing were performed to 10 GRDs each. In heating method, reading deviation of GRDs at same time were relatively high, but the deviation was very low as time went on. In waiting method, the deviation among GRDs was low, but the deviation was relatively high as time went on. The meaningful difference was found between mean reading values of two pre-processing methods. Both methods present mean dose deviation under 5%, but the relatively high effect by reading time was observed in waiting method. Finally, GRD is best to perform in-vivo dosimetry in the viewpoint of accuracy and efficiency, and the understanding of how pre-processing affect the accuracy is asked to perform most accurate in-vivo dosimetry. The further study is asked to acquire more stable accuracy in spite of different irradiation conditions for GRD usage.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.436-446
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of auricular acupressure on pruritus and fatigue in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The study design was a randomized control group pre-post test. Initially, forty-four patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. There was a loss of three participants assigned to the treatment group. The period of data collection was from December 2014 to March 2015. Both groups completed a pre-test. The treatment group received auricular acupressure once a week for ten weeks. Data were collected from the treatment group at two time periods: five weeks and ten weeks following initiation of the treatment protocol. Data were collected from the control group at week 5 and week 10. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 program, specifically with the independent t-test and the Repeated Measures of ANOVA. Results: Auricular acupressure was effective in reducing pruritus (F=13.93, p<.001) and fatigue (F=18.33, p<.001). Conclusion: Auricular acupressure is a non-invasive simple method that can be used for the relief of symptoms reported by hemodialysis patients. This treatment modality could be used in several clinical areas.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2010

This study was to evaluate the performance of the Double stage Pore controllable fiber (DP) filter system as the pre-treatment of the RO membrane. The evaluation for the pre-treatment filter was performed through the indirect method, SDI (Silt Density Index) measurement of the filtrate. This study was done during Jan. 3 of 2009 to Dec. 3 of 2009 at OO Water Treatment Plant that was suppling industrial water to plants, and the raw water was contaminated lake water and it was fed to the system after clarification with coagulation. The average turbidity of the feed water and that of the filtrate was 0.79 NTU (0.28~4.01 NTU), and 0.16 NTU (0.04~0.50) respectively. And so the average turbidity removal efficiency was 77%. The filtrate flow rate and the backwash water flow rate was about 230 $m^3$/day and about 8.7 $m^3$/day respectively, and so the backwash rate was 3.8%. The data for some samples were obtained after a few days storage, and it caused the higher turbidity and SDI15 as the storage time was increased. But average SDI value of the filtrate was 3.6 (2.26~5.00) which was lower than minimum value required by the RO membrane manufacturer as the RO feed water to guarantee the life time of the RO membrane. So, the DP filter system was enough for the application as the pre-treatment of the RO membrane.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2016

Purpose: Many people are suffering from Low back pain due to HIVD and muscular problems, lack of joint functions on lumbar spine. In this study we compared the change of the herniation index, Oswestry LBP disability index (OLDI), visual analog scale (VAS), lumbar flexion range of motion (ROM) between the pre-experiment and after 4 weeks treatment by maitland manual therapy. Method: we selected and managed both the 15 people. They are $46.80{\pm}15.46$ years old people with HIVD and Stenosis. We treated for the people with HIVD and Stenosis by manual therapy(maitland manipulation method) during 4 weeks. And then we compared with pre-experiment and after 12 weeks through measuring the herniation index change by using computor themograpy (CT), LBP OLDI, VAS, lumbar flexion ROM. Results: The changes in the herniation index, Oswestry lumbar Disability Index, VAS, lumbar flexion ROM between the pre-experiment and after 4 weeks treatment by maitland manual therapy, there was a statistically significant difference. Although there was a significant difference after 4 weeks in OLDI, VAS, lumbar flexion ROM. But disc herniation index was no significant difference. Conclusion: Manual therapy is very effective for Lumbago due to the HIVD and spinap stenosis patients. OLDI, VAS and lumbar flexion ROM were increased. But disc herniation index was no significant difference. We suggest the combination treatment between manual exercise and spinal traction.