• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.808-814
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• 2013

In this study, The mixture of three kinds of pre-treatment agents, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt(CMC), Sodium alginate and Dextrin, have been prepared for the better coloration of digital textile printing. To get sharpness of outline during digital printing process, the optimal formulation is the CMC and Sodium alginate mixture 1:1 ratio by volume. Cyan, Yellow, and Black colours are excellent on the Sodium alginate mixtures. But, Magenta is excellent in the CMC and Dextrin mixture. Sharpness and printability are closely related to viscosity of the mixture. The most optimal sharpness of outline achieved with a consideration of coloring, and field operations account for production when the viscosity of the mixed pre-treatment agent approximately is 10~13 cSt. Change in shade and staining of wash fastness for all the treated samples with the mixtures rated 4-5 grade. Both dry rubbing fastness to shade change and staining are good in the treated samples, whereas wet rubbing fastness rated 2-3 grade. To improve wet rubbing fastness, the Sodium alginate and Dextrine mixture, which rated 3-4 grade for Black color, is applicable. With exception of 3 rating to black color, Light fastness is 4 rating for the remaining three colors in the regardless of treatment condition and mixing of the pre-treatment agent. Dry cleaning fastness of all samples are also 4-5 rating.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.413-424
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• 2014

The potential of using the biogas as energy source has long been widely recognised and current techniques are being developed to upgrade the technical quality and to enhance energy efficiency. The objective of this paper is to present efficient and effective pre-treatment methods of increasing the amount of produced biogas in anaerobic digestion of activated sludge treatment process. The paper also presents a review of the effect on biogas production between pre-treated and raw sludge, and also put forward the advantages and disadvantages of each pre-treatment method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.223-223
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• 2012

Surface engineering plays a significant role in fabricating highly functionalized materials applicable to industrial and biomedical fields. Surface wrinkles and folds formed by ion beam or plasma treatment are buckling-induced patterns and controlled formation of those patterns has recently gained considerable attention as a way of creating well-defined surface topographies for a wide range of applications. Surface wrinkles and folds can be observed when a stiff thin layer attached to a compliant substrate undergoes compression and plasma treatment is one of the techniques that can form stiff thin layers on compliant polymeric substrates, such as poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Here, we report two effective methods using plasma modification techniques for controlling the formation of surface wrinkles and folds on flat or patterned PDMS substrates. First, we show a method of creating wrinkled diamond-like carbon (DLC) film on grooved PDMS substrates. Grooved PDMS substrates fabricated by a molding method using a grooved master prepared by photolithography and a dry etching process were treated with argon plasma and subsequently coated with DLC film, which resulted in the formation of wrinkled DLC film aligning perpendicular to the steps of the pre-patterned ridges. The wavelength and the amplitude of the wrinkled DLC film exhibited variation in the submicron- to micron-scale range according to the duration of argon plasma pre-treatment. Second, we present a method for controlled formation of folds on flat PDMS substrates treated with oxygen plasma under large compressive strains. Flat PDMS substrates were strained uniaxially and then treated with oxygen plasma, resulting in the formation of surface wrinkles at smaller strain levels, which evolved into surface folds at larger strain levels. Our results demonstrate that we can control the formation and evolution of surface folds simply by controlling the pre-strain applied to the substrates and/or the duration of oxygen plasma treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.362-369
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• 2019

In this study, biodegradation efficiency improvement of mixed sludge for the anaerobic digestion process in wastewater treatment plant was investigated. In order to release the organic material contained in the sludge cell and promote the hydrolysis step, mixed sludge of 7% TS (Total Solids) was physically shear-treated at a shear strength of 1,000 ~ 4,000 rpm and a maximum of 120 mins. As a result of the comparison between mixed sludge before and after the treatment, the concentration of $SCOD_{Cr}$(Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand-chromium method) was increased through the conversion of granular organic matter into dissolved organic matter as shear strength and treatment time increases. The solubilization efficiency increased rapidly after 30 min of solubilization application time, and they were 11.23 %, 20.10 %, 22.52 % and 25.43% at 120 min for each shear strength conditions, respectively. Additionally, the BMP(Biochemical Methane Potential) test was conducted with the optimized samples to determine the increase of methane production by the shear pre-treatment. Consequently, methane production of each samples were 0.275, 0.310, 0.323 and $0.335m^3/kg\;VS_{add}$, which indicates that methane production was increased to a maximum of 21.28% compared to the control without the solubilization process ($0.262m^3/kg\;VS_{add}$). As a result, the physical shear-treatment is a promising process for sewage sludge pre-treatment to reduce the organic waste and increase the energy production.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.244-251
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• 2016

Viscose rayon filament fabrics have been called 'artificial silk' and beloved as summer clothing materials for a long time in Korea. This is because the viscose rayon filament fabrics reveals glossy surface and cool touch feeling compared to other conventional fabrics composed of staple fibers. Therefore, we tried to prepare the higher value added viscose rayon filament fabrics for summer textile products. In this study, we applied gallnut extract to the viscose rayon filament fabric to develop summer fabrics with natural color and multi-functions such as antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This process also pursue eco-friendly and multi-functional fabric finishing from the natural material "gallnut". In addition, various pre-treatment with cationizer, chitosan, or chito-oligomer was applied to the finishing process to improve the finishing efficacy and durability. Consequently, it was found that the active component of gallnut extract was successfully incorporated to the viscose rayon filament fabric through a pad-dry-cure process. And, the treated viscose rayon filament fabrics showed excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, it was expected that the rayon filament fabrics treated by gallnut extract could be used as effective summer fabrics preventing the growth of bacteria and skin ageing as well as providing cool touch feeling. However, the pre-treatments were not that meaningful on the functionalities but effective on coloring.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

In recent years, the application of digital textile printing has increased. The benefits of using this method include the ease of sampling and the production of printed textiles. However, the production process of digital textile printing differs from that of conventional printing. For successful digital textile printing by ink-jet technology, the pretreatment of fabrics is very important in order to overcome the following problems. Low viscosity ink can spread easily on the textile surface leading to poor resolution. As a result, the combination of ink and pretreatment chemicals is still impractical and consequently most fabrics used in digital textile printing will require a pre treated coating in order to prevent the ink colours from bleeding on the fabric. Research presented in this paper shows some preliminary attempts to establish the relationship between the pre treatment and the digital textile printing quality. Various cotton fabrics were treated with pre treatment agents including ingredients like thickener, alkali and humectant, and then ink spread effect and colour yield of printed fabrics by reactive ink were analysed by using an optical microscope and K/S value. The results show that digital textile printing quality on cotton fabrics can be optimized with appropriate pre treatments.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.177-182
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• 2018

Objective: To investigate the effects of in vitro myo-inositol (Myo-Ins) supplementation of cryopreserved human semen on the cryo-survival rate (CSR). Methods: Semen samples were obtained from 41 infertile men. Following routine semen analysis, each sample was divided into two equal aliquots (0.5 mL each). One aliquot was treated with 1 mg of Myo-Ins dissolved in $10{\mu}L$ of sperm preparation medium. The second aliquot was treated with $10{\mu}L$ of the same medium (control). Both aliquots were incubated for 20 minutes prior to freezing to slow the freezing process. The frozen samples were examined for post-thaw percentages of total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), and the CSR, defined as the percentage of post-thaw TM divided by the percentage of pre-freeze TM and multiplied in 100. The results were expressed as median and interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles). Results: The pre-freeze TM (50% [30%-50%]) and PM (35% [20%-35%]) were significantly higher than the post-thaw TM and PM in the MyoIns group (15% [10%-35%] and 10% [5%-20%]; p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and the control group (10% [6%-30%] and 5% [3%-15%]; p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The CSR of the 41 semen aliquots supplemented with Myo-Ins (40% [25%-70%]) was significantly higher than that of the control samples (30% [13%-58%], p=0.041). The CSR of the 26 abnormal semen samples that were supplemented with Myo-Ins (38% [20%-50%]) was significantly higher than that of the control samples (23% [12%-30%], p=0.031). Conclusion: In vitro Myo-Ins supplementation of ejaculated human sperm from infertile men resulted in a significant increase in the CSR in samples with abnormal pre-freeze sperm parameters.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.86-92
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• 2016

The possibility of the biological treatment of MBT wastewater generated from the vulcanization accelerator manufacturing process was investigated. MBT wastewater is not biodegradable because it hinders the activity of microorganisms, and approximately 10% of the total COD can be removed after a 7 day acclimation period. The optimal conditions of the MBT wastewater for the chemical pre-treatment was pH of 3.5 and the Fenton oxidation with the addition of $Fe^{3+}$ to the wastewater after agitation for 2 hours. The Fenton-treated MBT wastewater showed approximately 20% removal of COD when treated with the activated sludge process for the mixed paper wastewater and Fenton treated wastewater.

• Carbon letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.308-315
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• 2008

In the present study, fast isothermal stabilization processes for rayon precursor fabrics were performed at $350^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$ within 3 minutes and the chemical and physical characteristics of the stabilized fabrics were investigated. In addition, rayon precursor fabrics were pre-treated with three different phosphorous-based flame retardants and then stabilized. The effect of flame retardants on the chemical composition, thermal shrinkage, weight change, thermal stability and XRD results was examined, comparing with those of the precursor fabrics. The result showed that the stabilization of rayon fabrics was most effective as the stabilization temperature was $350^{\circ}C$, the stabilization time was 3 min, and the pre-treatment with phosphoric acid of 1 vol%. The carbon contents of stabilized rayon fabrics were increased with increasing stabilization temperature and time, whereas the oxygen contents were decreased. Also, it is likely that the pre-treatment with phosphoric acid plays a role in retarding the change of chemical structure of rayon fabric. The XRD result was quite consistent with the result showing the effect of phosphoric acid on the chemical composition, thermal shrinkage and weight reduction of rayon fabric.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.6 s.85
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Conventional pad- dry-cure(thermo-fixation) process usually produces functional performance on both sides of a fabric. UV curing technique was applied to impart water- and oil-repellent finish effective only on the face of a PET knitted fabric. The preferential one-side coating, by virtue of the limited penetration of UV light, was achieved by W curing after padding of a fluorocarbon agent without special coating or printing equipments. The difference in the functional property of face and back sides was examined by measuring water and oil repellency at each side of the treated fabric. The influence of pre/post-irradiation dose and agent concentration on the performance of the finished fabrics were investigated. While increase in both resin concentration and post-irradiation did not have significant effect on the finish, UV pre-irradiation of PET fabrics caused remarkable influence presumably due to appropriate surface modification of PET fabrics required for facile wetting of the resin. The dimensional stability and color change of the UV cured fabrics measured by FAST and reflectance spectrophotometry showed significantly decreased color difference and increased percent extension compared with the samples pre-irradiated without agent application.