• Title/Summary/Keyword: power system analysis

Search Result 9,462, Processing Time 0.192 seconds

A Study on the Types of Dispute and its Solution through the Analysis on the Disputes Case of Franchise (프랜차이즈 분쟁사례 분석을 통한 분쟁의 유형과 해결에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kyu Won;Lee, Jae Han;Lim, Hyun Cheol
    • The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
    • /
    • v.2 no.1
    • /
    • pp.173-199
    • /
    • 2011
  • A franchisee has to depend on the overall system, such as knowhow and management support, from a franchisor in the franchise system and the two parties do not start with the same position in economic or information power because the franchisor controls or supports through selling or management styles. For this, unfair trades the franchisor's over controlling and limiting the franchisee might occur and other side effects by the people who give the franchisee scam trades has negatively influenced on the development of franchise industry and national economy. So, the purpose of this study is preventing unfair trade for the franchisee from understanding the causes and problems of dispute between the franchisor and the franchisee focused on the dispute cases submitted the Korea Fair Trade Mediation Agency and seeking ways to secure the transparency of recruitment process and justice of franchise management process. The results of the case analysis are followed; first, affiliation contracts should run on the franchisor's exact public information statement and the surely understanding of the franchisee. Secondly, the franchisor needs to use their past experiences and investigated data for recruiting franchisees. Thirdly, in the case of making a contract with the franchisee, the franchisor has to make sure the business area by checking it with franchisee in person. Fourthly, the contracts are important in affiliation contracts, so enacting the possibility of disputes makes the disputes decreased. Fifthly, lots of investigation and interests are needed for protecting rights and interests between the franchisor and franchisee and preventing the disputes by catching the cause and more practical solutions of the disputes from the government.

Environmental Auditing-Analysis of Enterprises (환경감사 - 기업분석)

  • Wotte, Joris
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
    • /
    • v.4 no.3
    • /
    • pp.9-13
    • /
    • 1995
  • In July 1993 a new prescription of the EC was finished, concerning the voluntary participation of enterprises in a common auditing system. By this in the EC-member countries there must be founded centers of environmental auditing where experienced experts of environmental auditing should be accredited. These accredited experts are controllers for evaluating and certification of carried out environmental-auditings. An environmental-auditing practically represents an environmental assessment for an already existing enterprise with establishing corresponding programmes and strategies for the internal management to improve the environmental relations. Much experiences, which could be collected in the field of EIA during the last years may be transfered to this new task immediately. Only an essential difference there should not be overseen because of national legislation EIA in the defined cases must be carried out. By the EC-prescription carrying out an environmental-auditing for an enterprise is optional, it is recommended only. It was not introduced as a must. In spite of this fact because of the hard competition on the market there will be developed a pressure for the enterprises, to carry out such environmental-auditings. At present already a number of first projects in this direction can be seen, in the first line above all enterprises with the necessary economic power want to use this possibility, to gain better positions on the market. We have already gathered the first experiences in this field. We arranged corresponding contacts to several enterprises within the surroundings of Dresden. Within an opening discussion, where the project is explained and discussed with the management of the enterprise very detailed, the understanding, the readiness and the cooperation for the project are generated necessary prerequesits for the success of the whole work. By means of careful detail-work in collaboration with all departments and on all levels of the enterprise the total mass and energy-balances of the factory established and analysed. There are included also such ranges like material delivery, personal policy, public relations and sale as well as waste management. It is important that all people working in the factory have the feeling to be our partners, and not to have the impression to be checked or controled by an outside organization. This one of the most important factors of environmental auditing, in order to wake up and to develop a common interest on all sides. At the end of the environmental auditing there will be according to the prescription of the EC a catalogue of measures to do immediately, short time, mean time and long time for improvement of the environmental situation of the enterprise. All proposals are made in connection with a corresponding economic evaluation. These measures and programmes are declared as the environmental manual and are the basis for the work of the environmental management of the enterprise for the next three years. According to the EC-prescription, the enterprise with this environmental manual can get a corresponding certificate, which may be used for public relation purposes.

  • PDF

Numerical analysis of CZ growth process for sapphire crystal of 300 mm length: Part I. Influence of hot zone structure modification on crystal temperature (300 mm 길이의 사파이어 단결정 대한 CZ성장공정의 수치해석: Part I. 핫존 구조 변경이 결정 온도에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Ho Yong;Hong, Su Min;Kim, Jong Ho;Jeong, Dae Yong;Im, Jong In
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
    • /
    • v.23 no.6
    • /
    • pp.265-271
    • /
    • 2013
  • Czochralski (CZ) growth process is one of the most important techniques for growing high quality sapphire single crystal for LED application. In this study, the inductively-heated CZ growth processes for the sapphire crystal of 300 mm length have been analyzed numerically using finite element method. The hot zone structures were modified with the crucible geometry change and the additional insulation layer installed above the crucible. The results show that the solid-liquid interface height decreased from about 80 mm at initial stage to 40 mm after mid-stage due to achieve the growth speed balance. Also the optimal input power of the modified system was similar with the original one due to the compensation effects of the crucible geometry and additional insulation. The crystal temperature grown by the modified CZ grower was increased about 10 K than the original one. Therefore the sapphire crystal of 300 mm height was grown successfully.

Vertical Upward Air-Water Two-Phase Flow Regime Identification (수직상향류 공기-물 이상유동영역 판별)

  • Lee, Ba-Ro;Jang, Young-Jun;Ko, Min-Seok;Lee, Bo-An;Lee, Yeon-Gun;Kim, Sin
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
    • /
    • v.22 no.4
    • /
    • pp.362-369
    • /
    • 2013
  • Two-phase flow is frequently observed in many industries such as nuclear power plants and oil transportation. Two-phase flow regime depends on the flow rates, the fluid properties and the structure of flow channels. Since the identification of the flow regime is of great importance in the system design and the safety analysis, a number of theoretical and experimental investigations have been performed. This paper presents a basic research on the characteristics of each flow regime and transition boundary in the two-phase flows. The flow regime of the upward air-water flow in the vertical tube, 30 mm in the inner diameter, is distinguished by using the high-speed camera and the Wire-mesh sensor(WMS). The identified experimental data are compared with the flow regime maps proposed by Taitel et al, Mishima and Ishii. Even though there is slight difference in the transition boundary, the experimental data show general agreement with these flow regime maps.

Prediction of the Following BCI Performance by Means of Spectral EEG Characteristics in the Prior Resting State (뇌신호 주파수 특성을 이용한 CNN 기반 BCI 성능 예측)

  • Kang, Jae-Hwan;Kim, Sung-Hee;Youn, Joosang;Kim, Junsuk
    • KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
    • /
    • v.9 no.11
    • /
    • pp.265-272
    • /
    • 2020
  • In the research of brain computer interface (BCI) technology, one of the big problems encountered is how to deal with some people as called the BCI-illiteracy group who could not control the BCI system. To approach this problem efficiently, we investigated a kind of spectral EEG characteristics in the prior resting state in association with BCI performance in the following BCI tasks. First, spectral powers of EEG signals in the resting state with both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions were respectively extracted. Second, a convolution neural network (CNN) based binary classifier discriminated the binary motor imagery intention in the BCI task. Both the linear correlation and binary prediction methods confirmed that the spectral EEG characteristics in the prior resting state were highly related to the BCI performance in the following BCI task. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the relative ratio of the 13 Hz below and above the spectral power in the resting state with only eyes-open, not eyes-closed condition, were significantly correlated with the quantified metrics of the BCI performance (r=0.544). A binary classifier based on the linear regression with L1 regularization method was able to discriminate the high-performance group and low-performance group in the following BCI task by using the spectral-based EEG features in the precedent resting state (AUC=0.817). These results strongly support that the spectral EEG characteristics in the frontal regions during the resting state with eyes-open condition should be used as a good predictor of the following BCI task performance.

The Effect of Coal Particle Size on Char-$CO_{2}$ Gasification Reactivity by Gas Analysis (가스분석을 이용한 석탄 입자크기가 촤-$CO_{2}$ 가스화 반응성에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Kim, Yong-Tack;Seo, Dong-Kyun;Hwang, Jung-Ho
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.49 no.3
    • /
    • pp.372-380
    • /
    • 2011
  • Char gasification is affected by operating conditions such as reaction temperature, reactants gas partial pressure, total system pressure and particle size in addition to chemical composition and physical structure of char. The aim of the present work was to characterize the effect of coal particle size on $CO_{2}$ gasification of chars prepared from two different types of bituminous coals at different reaction temperatures(1,000-$1,400{^{\circ}C}$). Lab scale experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure in a fixed reactor where heat was supplied into a sample of char particles. When a flow of $CO_{2}$(40 vol%) was delivered into the reactor, the char reacted with $CO_{2}$ and was transformed into CO. Carbon conversion of the char was measured using a real time gas analyzer having NDIR CO/$CO_{2}$ sensor. The results showed that the gasification reactivity increased as the particle size decreased for a given temperature. The sensitivity of the reactivity to particle size became higher as the temperature increases. The size effects became remarkably prominent at higher temperatures and became a little prominent for lower reactivity coal. The particle size and coal type also affected reaction models. The shrinking core model described better for lower reactivity coal, whereas the volume reaction model described better for higher reactivity coal.

The Hope of the Stroke Patients (뇌졸중환자의 희망)

  • 김이순
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
    • /
    • v.27 no.1
    • /
    • pp.212-227
    • /
    • 1997
  • Cerebrovascular diseases in Korea is an important health problem since mortality and mobidity have been increased rapidly. It marked the 2nd cause of specific death rates in 1993. The stroke causes physical function disorder due to hemiparalysis and emotional disorder, and stroke patients experience helplessness, powerlessness. sense of alienation and loss of hope. These feelings make the rehabilitation difficult because they lose the will of life. The subjects of the study were seven citizens who live in Pusan, are over 50 years old and belong to low income-level. The data were collected from Jan. to Sep. 1995. The researcher as a caregiver and volunteer made confidence of them and asked for their agreement on the purpose of the study. The subjects expressed their experience as openheartedly as possible. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi, which is as follows ; as an unit of description which include the subject' expressions and the researcher's observation, it is examined the theme that express the hope experience with the subject's language(underlining), and the focal meanings are identified. The focal meaning is the crystalization of the theme, which is written in the language of the researcher. After intergrating the focal meaning and make the situated structural description as the meaning of the hope experience identified on each subject's point. After intergrating the situated structural description and make the general structural description as the meaning of the hope experience identified on total subject's point then the systemizing of the structure of the hope experienced phenomena and the flowing of the conciousness was researched. The conclusions of this study was as follows : The ten sources of hope which the subjects experienced were sorted as under 〈mutual relations to others : spouse, children, relatives, fellow believer. health professioner. associate patient group〉, 〈spiritual dependence〉. 〈recovery of physical function〉. 〈rumination of the past life〉, 〈expectation of the future〉. 〈economic power〉, 〈belief〉, 〈ability〉. 〈spontaneous participation〉 and 〈recovery of roles〉. Their hope was spoken out by the following two kinds of linguistics. First. the hope was expressed in the affirmative expression as follows : 〈 to be dependable〉, 〈to make efforts〉, 〈to keep under control〉, 〈to desire〉, 〈to be pleasant〉, 〈to be peaceful〉, 〈to be grateful〉, 〈to give help〉, 〈self-confidence. Courage〉, 〈to be happy〉, 〈to satisfy oneself〉, 〈to share with others〉, 〈to understand〉 and 〈to be affected, be impressed〉 Second, the hope was expressed in the negative on pression as under : 〈to be distressed〉, 〈to be uneasy〉, 〈to be sorry, be unsatisfied〉 〈despair〉, 〈to abandon〉, 〈to be fearful〉, 〈to suffer〉, 〈to bear a burden〉 〈to be confused〉, 〈to be solitary〉, 〈chest trouble〉, 〈to feel heavy〉 〈grief〉, 〈to be daunted〉, 〈to get angry〉, 〈to be uncomfortable〉, 〈to have something regretable〉 and 〈to feel guilty〉. And their hope was expressed by the following four behavioral expressions : 〈physical sphere〉, 〈psychological sphere〉, 〈social support sphere〉 and 〈spiritual sphere〉. The reaction patterns of their hope experience appeared in the following 4 coping method : 〈conquest type〉, 〈dependence type〉, 〈adaptation type〉 and 〈fate type〉. Finally, in the hope structure the sense of certainty don't always coexict with the sense of uncertainty, When the stroke patients try to search for the best quality of life, the senses of certainty and uncertainty make a continual cyclic system in the hope structure.

  • PDF

Case Analysis on High Concentration of SO2 and Review on Its Reduction Policy in the Ulsan Metropolitan Area since 2001 (울산 지역에서 2001년 이후 이산화황(SO2)의 고농도 사례 분석과 저감 정책 방안의 검토)

  • Moon, Yun-Seob
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.17 no.4
    • /
    • pp.423-437
    • /
    • 2008
  • Until comparatively lately, the annual time series of the $SO_2$ concentration had been shown in a decreasing trend in Ulsan as well as other Korean cities. However, the high concentration of $SO_2$ was frequently found in the specific countermeasure region including the national industrial complex such as Mipo and Onsan in the Ulsan city for the period of $2001{\sim}2004$. There are many conditions that can influence the high concentration of $SO_2$ at monitoring sites in Ulsan, such as: First, annual usage of the fuel including sulfur increased in comparison with the year before in spite of the fuel conversion policy which wants to use low sulfur oil less than 3% and LNG. Second, point source, such as the power plants and the petroleum and chemistry stacks, was the biggest contributor in $SO_2$ emission, as a analyzed result of both the air quality modeling and the stack tole-monitoring system (TMS) data. And third, the air pollutants that occurred in processes of homing and manufacturing of the fuel including sulfur were transported slow into a special monitoring site by accumulating along the frontal area of see-breeze. It was concluded that Ulsan's current environmental policy together with control methods should be changed into the regulation on total amount of emission, including a market-based emission trading with calculating of atmospheric environmental critical loads, for the $SO_2$ reduction like the specific countermeasure for the $O_3$ and PM10 reduction in the Seoul metropolitan area. And this change should be started in the big point sources of $1{\sim}3$ species because they are big contributors of Ulsan's $SO_2$ pollution. Especially it is necessary to revitalize of the self-regulation environmental management. Other control methods for sustaining the $SO_2$ reduction are as follows: maintenance of the fuel conversion policy, reinforcement of the regional stationary source emission standard, and enlargement of the stack TMS.

Design Analysis of Hydraulic Excavator since 1990 (1990년대 유압굴삭기 조형 분석에 관한 연구)

  • 윤진필;문무경
    • Archives of design research
    • /
    • v.13 no.4
    • /
    • pp.233-242
    • /
    • 2000
  • The traditional image of hydraulic excavator started to change in two ways since 1990. First, post-heavy equipment's visual image was new waves to traditional image of heavy, strong, and wild. They are the negative aspect that excavators have. Another movement of getting rid of its negative image can be found in late-heavy equipment, which was intended to adapt traditional and positive, but off negative images. In 1990s, the design trend is moving from warm/hard to warm/soft, and KOBELCO can be exceptional example that went even further, gone up to cool-soft image. KOBELCO specially aimed 'post- excavator image' strategy, which has been successful. Image of cabin as a human space changed little bit further than outside image. Each company tried to differentiate the design of cabin focusing on its safety. Following paragraphs show specific trend of image change in form, colour, texture, and the composition. Major visual image change in form tries to follow the image of cars and home appliances which are showing the movement from tough and hard image to soft one. Structural change on local image shows the movement from angular edge to edgeless and the movement of cabin's pillar C placed to back of the equipment with gentle inclination. All of these movements are the result of effort to improve traditional excavator's negative image, that top structure is assembled separately, to positive ones. Today's tendency about its color becomes important to apply two different colour styles. Each style has brightness and tone comparison. As an enormous power convey system, it was in common that its brightness comparison was useful because of the alarm of its damage possibility. However, as its colour control and its design have been emphasized gradually, the tone comparison takes a part in an important role, too. As an example, there is an occasion that these comparisons are compromised simultaneously. In the respect of its image creation, its texture treatments make the tendency of being the same as passenger cars. It is caused from its development of the manufacture techniques of from the fabrication method in small business to the press method in big firm. Further, it is also because of its improvement of painting & coating skills. It may prohibit the reflection effect from solar rays. In the point of view of its visual images, it is recognized the prominent tendency that its composition has been gradually decreased. Lots of windows and the frames tends dark-colour as a whole. It is more preferred to have one colour image, but except KOBELCO and HITACHI. As well, there is another high-tendency to improve its standard treatments, especially for its corner and texture treatments.

  • PDF

A Study on Applicability of Pre-splitting Blasting Method According to Joint Frequency Characteristics in Rock Slope (암반사면의 절리빈도 특성에 따른 프리스플리팅 발파공법의 적용성 연구)

  • Kim, Shin;Lee, Seung-Joong;Choi, Sung-O.
    • Explosives and Blasting
    • /
    • v.28 no.2
    • /
    • pp.1-16
    • /
    • 2010
  • This study focuses on the phenomenon that the blast damaged zone developed on rock slope surfaces can be affected by joint characteristics rather than by explosive power when the pre-splitting is applied to excavate a jointed rock slope. The characteristics of rock joints on a slope were investigated and categorized them into 4 cases. Also an image processing system has been used for comparing the distribution pattern of rock blocks. From this investigation, it was found that the rock blocks bigger than 2,000 mm occupied 42% in the case of single joint set and it showed the well efficiency of pre-splitting blast. In cases of 2~3 parallel joint sets and 2~3 intersecting joint sets are developed on rock surfaces, the rock blocks in the range of 1,000~2,000 mm occupied 43.6% and 35.8%, respectively, and it showed that the efficiency of pre-splitting was decreased. When more than 3 joint sets are randomly developed, however, the rock blocks in the range of 250~500 mm occupied 35% and there was no block bigger than 1,000 mm. This denotes that the blasting with pre-splitting was not effective. The numerical analysis using PFC2D showed that the blast damaged zone in a rock mass could be directly influenced by the pre-splitting. It is, therefore, required to investigate the discontinuity pattern on rock surfaces in advance, when the pre-splitting method is applied to excavate jointed rock slopes and to apply a flexible blating design with a consideration of the joint characteristics.