• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate work-related risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in various departments and tasks at an oriental medicine hospital. Methods: 269 hospital workers were selected for the study. The questionnaire survey included general characteristics, work-related characteristics and MSDs. Cross-tabulation analysis, multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, work time, job demand and workload, were used to evaluate the effects of work-related factors on MSDs. Results: There were differences in MSDs depending on gender, age, occupation, and work-related factors. Prevalence rates of MSDs were 23.79% shoulder, 14.13% back, 10.41% neck. Risk factors for MSDs was packaging of drugs, transfer, and exercise therapy of physical therapist. Shoulder pain was significantly influenced by using power tools, over-reaching, and job demand while back pain was significantly influenced by weight-lifting operations and keyboard typing. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that consideration of MSDs characteristics of workers in oriental medicine hospital is necessary to change unsuitable work environments and educate on preventing MSDs.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2006

This paper reports the synthesis and electroluminescent properties of new aromatic compounds as hole-transporting materials based on phenothiazine, such as 1,4-diphenothiazyl-benzene [DPtzB], 1,4-diphenothiazyl-xylene [DPtzX] and 9,10-diphenothiazyl-anthracene [DPtzA]. DPtzB thin film exhibited photoluminescence (PL) maximum emission peak and emission shoulder at 450 and 475 nm, and a maximum emission at 447 nm without emission shoulder was obtained in DPtzX thin film. When DPtzA was excited by incident light of 359 nm, DPtzA showed strong PL emission at 417 nm and weak emission at 600 nm. Luminance efficiency of DPtzB, DPtzX and DPtzA-based electroluminescence (EL) devices was 3.57, 3.46 and 0.47 cd/A, and power efficiency of DPtzB, DPtzX and DPtzA-based EL devices was 1.48, 1.26 and 0.201 m/W.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1054-1058
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• 2006

We report the synthesis and electroluminescent properties of new aromatic compounds as hole-transporting materials based on phenothiazine, such as 1,4-diphenothiazyl-benzene [DPtzB], 1,4-diphenothiazyl-xylene [DPtzX] and 9,10-diphenothiazyl-anthracene [DPtzA]. DPtzB thin film exhibited photoluminescence (PL) maximum emission peak and emission shoulder at 450 and 475nm, and maximum emission at 447nm without emission shoulder was found in DPtzX thin film. When DPtzA was excited by incident light of 359nm, DPtzA showed strong PL emission at 417nm and weak emission at 600nm. Luminance efficiency of DPtzB, DPtzX and DPtzA-based electroluminescence (EL) devices was 3.57, 3.46 and 0.47cd/A, and power efficiency of DPtzB, DPtzX and DPtzA-based EL devices was 1.48, 1.26 and 0.20lm/W.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2004

This study examined the muscle fatigue of the erector spinae according to box size during lifting activity. Ten healthy adult man participated in the experiment for lifting the boxes 10 times with 0.2 lift/s frequency. Bilateral surface EMG (Electomyogtamphy) recordings were made regarding M. (Muscle) Longissimus, M. Iliocostal and M, Multifidus activity throughout lifting working. The median frequency in back muscle fatigue was investigated using power spectral analysis of surface EMG. When the box larger than shoulder width was lifted, the muscle fatigue of M, Multifidus was shown larger than one of the other muscles. Accordingly, the result far M. Multifidus can be applied in optimizing design parameter of box. Also, the standard of box width for box makers have to be below about 420 mm, being average shoulder width of adult male.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2009

This paper proposes command signal generating method for a wearable robot using the force as the input signal. The basic concept of this system pursues the combination of the natural and sophisticated intelligence of human with the powerful motion capability of the robot. We define a task for the command signal generation to operate with the human body simultaneously, paying attention to comfort and ease of wear. In this study, we suggest a basic exoskeleton experimental system to evaluate a HRI(Human Robot Interface), selecting interfaces of arm braces on both wrists and a weight harness on the torso to connect the robot and human. We develop the HRI to provide a command for the robot motion. It connects between the human and the robot with the multi-axis load-cell, and it measures the relative force between the human and the robot. The control system calculates the trajectory of end-effector using this force signal. In this paper, we verify the performance of proposed system through the motion of elbow E/F(Extension/Flexion), the shoulder E/F and the shoulder Ab/Ad (Abduction/Adduction).

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2006

The general objective of this study was to investigate biomechanical characteristics of bowling swing using three-dimensional cinematography. This study focused specifically on movements of the upper body segments during a bowling swing. Eight elite female bowling players participated in this study. Subjects performed bowling swing and their performance was sampled at 60 frame/sec using two high-speed video cameras with a synchronizer. After digitizing images from two cameras, the two-dimensional coordinates were used to produce three-dimensional coordinates of the 12 body segments (20 joint reference makers). The obtained three-dimensional coordinates were fed to a custom-written kinematic and kinetic analyses program (LabView 6.1, National Instrument, Austin, TX, USA). The analyses determined the linear and angular kinematic variables of the body segments with which joint force and torque of the lower and upper trunks and the shoulder were estimated based on the Newton-Euler equations. It was found that during the bowling swing the peak linear velocities of the body segments were reached in sequence the trunk, the shoulder, the elbow, the wrist, and the bowl. This result indicates that linear momentum of the lower body and the trunk transmits to the arm segment during the bowling swing. The joint torques of the torso and the arm occurred almost simultaneously, indicating that bowling swing seem to be a push-like motion, rather than a proximal-distal sequence motion in which many of throwing motions are categorized. The ultimate objective of the bowling swing is to release a heavy-weight bowl with power and consistency. Therefore, the bowling swing observed in this study well agrees with that bowlers use the stepping to increase the linear velocity of the bowl, the simple pendulum system and the push-like segmental motion in the torso and the arm segment to enhance the power at the release of the bowl.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

목적: 65세 이상 고령 환자의 대형 및 광범위 회전근 개 파열에서 관혈적 회전근 개 봉합술의 결과를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 9월부터 2010년 3월까지 대형 및 광범위 회전근 개 파열로 관혈적 견봉 성형술 및 회전근 개 봉합술을 시행 받은 환자 중 65세 이상이고 1년 이상 추시가 가능했던 147례를 대상으로 하였다. 대형 파열이 67예, 광범위 파열이 80예였으며 평균연령은 69.6세였다. 임상평가는 수술 전과 후 근력, 운동 범위, ASES 점수, Constant 점수를 측정하였고, 87예에 대해 자기공명영상 검사를 시행하여 건의 연속성을 평가하였다. 결과: ASES 점수는 50.4점에서 88.9점, Constant점수는 47.1점에서 75.2점, 극상근 근력은 51.1%에서 80.8%, 외회전근 근력은 64.5%에서 83.1%, 관절 운동범위는 전방거상이 117.4도에서 153도, 외회전은 23.64도에서 41.8도로 회복되었다. 자기공명영상 추시 검사를 시행한 87예 중 20예에서 재파열이 발생하였고, 1예를 제외하고 모두 광범위 파열에서 재파열이 발생하였다. 결론: 65세 이상 고령 환자에서 회전근 개 파열의 크기가 크더라도 적극적으로 봉합술의 시행을 고려하는 것이 임상적 결과를 호전시키기 위해 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.411-416
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• 2008

When compose magnetic field curer by belt and band style and need by magnetic field ripple last month, produce self-discipline roof. Bred in muscle disease (lumbago, backbone disease, corpulence) back. Result that study, manufactured various variableness band style - magnetic field probe firstly. Can establish self-discipline treatment pulse price by disease secondly. Could seek correct variableness band punishment, - magnetic field probe relationship implementation and property in waist, and so on, shoulder, neck, arm, leg, ankle, wrist etc. by third. Could find variableness band style energy value that need in-magnetic field Probe's treatment by fourth. This research could design pulse of self-discipline in band form and apply each according to disease.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2010

In this study, Finite Element Analysis have been adopted to analyze reducing stress effect and used to induce the sensitivity of design parameter on various techniques which was used for reducing stress. And so it can be utilized as a data to design on similar model. The effect of reducing stress with respect to change of relief groove radius can be increased by 27.3~18.2 % more than radius of fillet. And if a shoulder fillet radius is larger, additional reducing stress by relief groove radius is not obtained. And there was only little effect on reducing stress by changing the center point of groove radius along horizontal direction. In the case that undercut radius is 1.5mm, Max. Equivalent stress is reduced by 5.71% under bending force and 11.11% under torsion. The best effect of reducing stress at undercut model was yielded when the undercut radius is a forth of difference of stepped shaft radius.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2005

Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure orthopedic surgeons use to visualize, diagnose and treat problems inside a joint. In usual, since the arthroscopic surgery is more accurate and minimally invasive than through 'open' surgery, the surgery of knee, shoulder, and wrist using auto-shaver is increasing in recent. However, repetitive use of arthroscopic-shaver may induce the second infection, hence the disposable arthroscopic-shaver should be developed. In this paper, a unique power transmission mechanism using DC motor, gear trains, and link mechanism is proposed for disposable arthroscopic-shaver and some test results of tissue cutting are introduced.