• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.154-160
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• 1990

헤테로다인/코히어런트 광 BFSK 수신기의 시스템 모델을 제시하고 그 성능을 평가하였다. 수신기의 성능은 산탄잡음과 레이저 위상잡음에 의해 저하되므로 PLL 루프 고유주파수를 최적으로 선택하여 잡음의 영향을 최소화 하였다. 위상 에러의 의한 여러 값이 power penalty에 대해 $BER=10^{-9}$을 얻기위해 요구되는 위상 에러 분산, 비트당 광자수, 정규화 루프 파워, 그리고 전송비에 대한 레이저 선폭비를 얻었다. 예로써, 0.5dB의 power penalty에 대해 위상에러 분산은 0.035(${rad^2}$), 비트당 광자수는 20.2 정규화 루프 파워는 $3.8{\times}10^{-3}$(electron/s per herz), 전송비에 따른 허용 레이저 선폭비는 $5.24{\times}10^{-3}$이 얻어졌다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

A large incoherent crosstalk (IC) caused by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise power from Tx-disabled optical network units and a differential path loss has been shown to degrade upstream transmission performance in time-division multiplexing passive optical networks. This paper considers the IC-induced power penalty of an upstream signal both in an XG-PON and in a TWDM-PON. We investigate the degradation of the extinction ratio and relative intensity noise through a simulation and experiments. For the XG-PON case, we observe a 9.6 dB difference in the level of ASE noise power from Tx-disabled ONUs (hereafter known simply as ASE noise) between our result and the ITU-T XG-PON PMD recommendation. We propose an optical filtering method to mitigate an IC-induced power penalty. In the TWDM-PON case, the IC-induced power penalty is naturally negligible because the ASE noise is filtered by a wavelength multiplexer at the optical line terminal. The results provide design guidelines for the level of ASE noise in both XG-PONs and TWDM-PONs.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제31A권2호
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• pp.26-38
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• 1994

We demonstrate a repeatless transmission of 2.5 Gbps digital signal over 98 km opticla filbers using optical transmitter and optcial receiver which are designed and implemented using commercially available devices. The optical transmitter is realized by using a distributed feedback(DFB) laser. Temperature of the laser is thermoelectrically stabilized and the output optical power is also stabilized by using negative feedback. The output power of the transmitter is 0 dBm. The optical receiver consists of an InGaAs avalanche photodiode, a preamplifier. an automatic gain control amplifier, and a clock/data regenerator. We find an optimum decision threshold that gives the best receiver sensitivity form the measured V curve. The best sensitivity is -35.5dBm( BER-1*10S010T, PRBS=2S023T -1 ) and the overload power is -9 dBm. Finally, we achieve error free optical transmission with 98 km optical fibers. The exinction ration penalty of 2 dB. the chromatic dispersion penalty of 1 dB, and the total power penalty of 3.0 dB are measured. These results satisfy CCITT recommendation.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2016

발전소 건설시 성능감소에 따른 페널티 책정은 발주처와 건설사의 계약서에 서명되며, 그 페널티 책정 방법론은 발주처와 건설사의 손익과 관련되어 있으므로 모두가 인정할 수 있도록 합리적이어야 한다. 따라서 페널티 책정 방법론은 매우 중요하다. 열병합발전은 전기와 열을 동시에 생산하는 시스템이므로, 열병합발전의 페널티 책정 방법론은 명확하지 않다. 열경제학은 다양한 에너지 비용을 산정하는 학문이나, 지금까지 페널티 책정 방법론에 대해 연구된 바 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 열경제학이 성능인수시험의 페널티 책정 방법론에 적용될 수 있음을 예시하는 것이다. CGAM 시스템의 해석결과 $10,000,000의 건설비용이 투입되었을 경우, $6,665,688이 전기생산 성능비용으로 책정되었고, $3,334,312이 배기가스 성능비용으로 책정되었다. 따라서 만약 전기생산 성능이 1% 감소하였다면 그 페널티는 $6,666 그리고 배기가스 에너지 성능이 1% 감소하였다면 그 페널티는 $3,334로 책정됨을 알 수 있다.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제35D권8호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1998

We demonstrate wavelength conversion of 2.5Gb/s optical signals by four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). We investigate the effect of input pump and signal powers on the coversion efficiency, optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and extinction ratio to be a measure of performance in a wavelength converter. As a result, we show that the maximum bit error rate (BER) performance can be obtained by co promising among high-vonversion efficiency (minimum Pprobe), high-OSNR (maximum Pprobe) and low-cross-gain saturation effects (Pprobe kept at least 6dB weaker than Ppump). In our experiment, we obtain optimum performance at +3 dBm pump power and -6dBm signal power. The power penalty incurred in the wavelength conversion can be minimized by careful selection of the input pump and signal powers. We show that about 0.5dB power penalty for 3.2nm wavelength coversion at 10-10 BER is achievable.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.306-317
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• 2021

The unbalance between system ergodic sum rate and high fairness is one of the key issues affecting the performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a power allocation algorithm to realize the ergodic sum rate maximization of NOMA system. The scheme is mainly achieved by the construction algorithm of fair model based on α fair utility function and the optimal solution algorithm based on the interior point method of penalty function. Aiming at the construction of fair model, the fair target is added to the traditional power allocation model to set the reasonable target function. Simultaneously, the problem of ergodic sum rate and fairness in power allocation is weighed by adjusting the value of α. Aiming at the optimal solution algorithm, the interior point method of penalty function is used to transform the fair objective function with unequal constraints into the unconstrained problem in the feasible domain. Then the optimal solution of the original constrained optimization problem is gradually approximated within the feasible domain. The simulation results show that, compared with NOMA and time division multiple address (TDMA) schemes, the proposed method has larger ergodic sum rate and lower Fairness Index (FI) values.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 1994

Hull roughness due to corrosions of outer hull and had applications on outer hull paints was analyzed theoretically. It's value which was gainable practically, was studied, and estimated power penalty formular correspon-ding to that value were reviewed. Local roughness penalty and roughness texture penalty that paint manahers in ship yard can easily were compared and studied by dotting actual ships in the issued curves. Losses and benifits of hull roughness & the specification choise of A/F paint which managers of ship maintenance were much interested in have been calculated through actual ships. The paper is illustrating that how much the specification choise and managing of A/F paint have effects on fuel consumption of ship in program. It is urgently required that recent developed antifouling paints of new A/F generation should be adopted to new ship building by big shipping companies in view of the environmental protection and the economical maintenance of ships.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2020

Support vector regression (SVR) is devised to solve the regression problem by utilizing the excellent predictive power of Support Vector Machine. In particular, the ⲉ-insensitive loss function, which is a loss function often used in SVR, is a function thatdoes not generate penalties if the difference between the actual value and the estimated regression curve is within ⲉ. In most studies, the ⲉ-insensitive loss function is used symmetrically, and it is of interest to determine the value of ⲉ. In SVQR (Support Vector Quantile Regression), the asymmetry of the width of ⲉ and the slope of the penalty was controlled using the parameter p. However, the slope of the penalty is fixed according to the p value that determines the asymmetry of ⲉ. In this study, a new ε-insensitive loss function with p1 and p2 parameters was proposed. A new asymmetric SVR called GSVQR (Generalized Support Vector Quantile Regression) based on the new ε-insensitive loss function can control the asymmetry of the width of ⲉ and the slope of the penalty using the parameters p1 and p2, respectively. Moreover, the figures show that the asymmetry of the width of ⲉ and the slope of the penalty is controlled. Finally, through an experiment on a function, the accuracy of the existing symmetric Soft Margin, asymmetric SVQR, and asymmetric GSVQR was examined, and the characteristics of each were shown through figures.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 국제아이스하키연맹(IIHF)이 개최하는 대회에서 승리 팀을 결정하는 주요 변인들을 파악하여 전략 및 전술 수립에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 것이다. 2017 IIHF World Championship 1부 리그 14개 팀의 예선 및 본선을 포함한 64개 경기의 기록지를 분석대상으로 하였다. 분석변인은 save, shot on goal, penalty in minute, time on power play, power play goal, face off win의 비율, 승패 간 로지스틱 회귀분석, 중다회귀분석, 주성분분석을 수행하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 승리와 관련이 있는 변인은 shot on goal(p<.001)와 face off win(p<.001)이고 penalty in minute(p<.01)과 time on power play(p<.01)는 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 중다회귀분석에 의하여 산출한 승패 비율과 각 변인과의 상관분석에서는 save(p<.01), face off win(p<.001)가 정적인 상관관계이고 penalty in minute(p<.001)이 부정적인 상관관계이다. 주성분분석 결과에서는 승리한 팀의 경우 페널티 요인, 공격 요인, 수비 요인으로 구성되는 반면 패배한 팀에서는 페널티 요인을 제외하고 공격과 수비 요인이 혼합되어 구성되었다. 따라서 최상위 팀이 참가하는 아이스하키 경기에서 승리하기 위해서는 페널티를 받지 않는 내에서 거친 플레이가 이루어져야 하고 face off win 비율을 높일 수 있는 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2003년도 제14회 정기총회 및 03년 동계학술발표회
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• pp.158-159
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• 2003

In four-wave-mixing wavelength converter, we investigated the performance through simulation by using VPI tool, changing the input signal power and CW power at 2.SGb／s. Controlling optimal CW power to each input signal power, we extended the input signal power range to 20dB, which guarantees the minimum power penalty.