• 한국균학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.145-160
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• 2018

녹청균류(Chlorociboria spp.)는 청록색 색소를 생산할 수 있는 연부후성 자낭균류로, 한국에 자생하는 녹청균류를 분리하여 다양한 배양 조건에서 균의 생장 특성과 세포외효소 활성을 조사하였다. 비록 균사 생장 속도는 느렸지만, 시험 균주들은 malt extract agar (MEA) 배지를 제외한 potato dextrose agar (PDA)와 Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) 배지에서 비교적 잘 생장하였다. PDA와 SDA 배지 상에서 C. poutoensis의 청록색 색소 발현도는 C. aeruginascens 보다 높았다. 최적 생장 온도는 $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$이며, $10^{\circ}C$보다 $30^{\circ}C$에서 생장력이 약했다. $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$에서 모든 균주는 배양 온도가 증가함에 따라 균사 생장력도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 정치배양 시 potato dextrose broth (PDB) 배지의 최적 생장 pH는 균주에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 60일 배양체의 균체량이 가장 높게 나타난 균주는 NIFoS 579 ($114.3{\pm}5.1mg$)로, 비교적 넓은 pH 범위에서도 청록색 색소 발현을 안정적으로 유지하였다. 녹청균류의 모든 시험 균주은 cellulase와 laccase 활성을 나타냈으며, 다른 균주들보다 NIFoS 579의 효소 활성이 확연히 높았다. 이러한 결과들로부터 NIFoS 579는 청록색 천연 염료제로 이용 가능한 후보 균주라 생각한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2009

송이균을 접종하여 균근을 형성시킨 소나무 묘목을 실외로 가지고 나갈 경우 송이 균근이 이탈되는 현상을 극복하기 위한 방법을 모색하였다. 실내에서 형성한 송이균 접종 소나무 배지의 초기 토양구조를 유지하며 수분을 공급하고자 배양병의 아래에 구멍을 뚫어 화분형태로 변형을 시킨 후 8종류의 급수방식을 시도하였다. 증류수만을 공급한 경우에는 송이 균근이 이탈되었지만, 2.5% PDMP(24 g potato dextrose broth, 3 g malt extract, 1 g peptone) 용액이나 0.5% Tween 80 용액을 2주 간격으로 관수한 경우에는 3개월의 순화처리 이후에도 송이 균근이 강한 활성을 띠고 있음을 확인하였다. 순화기간동안 송이 균근 형성 비율이 증가하였으며, 순화 성공률은 70% 수준에 이르렀다. 금후 송이를 접종한 소나무 묘목은 이러한 순화처리 과정을 거쳐서 균근을 안정시킨 후 현지에 이식하는 방법을 사용하기를 추천한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.108-116
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• 1995

Guaiacol을 첨가한 potato-dextrose agar배지와 참나무 목분 배지를 이용하여 배지의 발색 정도를 정량함으로써 리그닌 분해와 리그닌 분해효소 생산을 위한 우수 균주분리를 시도하였다. 배지의 발색정도와 리그닌 분해율과는 정의 상관을 나타내어 미지균의 리그닌 분해력 추정을 가능하게 하였으며, 버섯의 자실체와 부후재로 부터 분리한 리그닌분해균 중에서 리그닌 분해력과 laccase활성이 우수한 LKY-12, LKY-7과 Coriolus versicolor-13 균주를 선발하였다. 이들 균주의 리그닌 분해율은 30~35% 범위이고, glucose-peptone broth에서 리그닌 분해효소 활성이 다른 균주에 비하여 매우 높아서 우수균주의 특성을 나타냈으며, 생물학적인 펄프화 및 표백 그리고 리그닌분해효소 생산에 이용 가능한 균주로 생각되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.178-184
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• 1996

Dryfilm method by using 3M Petrifilm$^{TM}$ has been examined to replace conventional agar method for isolation of microorganisms from foods. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate suitability of dryfilm method as a microbial isolation method and to determine the effect of antimicrobial agent on dryfilm for isolation of microorganisms from foods. Five different foods, milk, ground beef, fishery surimi, Takju and wheat flour were used to isolate the natural microflora in foods and the inoculated Escheri chia coli. Standard method agar (SMA, Difco) and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ aerobic count (PAC, 3M) were used to isolate total microorganisms from foods. Violet red bile agar (VRBA), brilliant green lactose bile (BGLB) broth and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ coliform count (PCC, 3M) were used to isolate coliforms from foods. E. coli broth (EC broth) and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ E. coli count (PEC, 3M) were used to isolate E. coli from foods. Acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) and Petrifilm$^{TM}$ yeast & mold count (PYMC, 3M) were used to isolate yeasts and molds from foods. Total aerobic plate counts isolated from five different foods by SMA and PAC (3M) were riot significantly different each other at P<0.05 level and were highly correlated each other ($\geq$0.96). Mugwort extract as an antimicrobial agent did not affect microbial enumeratiion of Dryfilm. Significantly higher number of coliform colonies were formed on VRBA than PCC (3M) from ground beef, but they were not significantly different in coliform colonies from milk samples. PCC (3M) and BGLB were not significantly different for enumeration of coliforms in milk and beef samples. Significantly higher number of E. coli were isolated by EC broth than PEC from ground beef, but these were not significontly different for enumeration of E. coli from milk. Yeast and mold counts isolated from Takju and wheat flour by APDA and PYMC (3M) were not significantly different at P<0.05 level. These data indicate that dryfilm method by using 3M Petrifilm$^{TM}$ can be successively used as an alternative to conventional agar method for enumeration of microorganisms in various foods.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.166-172
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• 1997

Aspergillus niger was selected as a strain producing the potent raw starch hydorlyzing enzyme. These experiments were conducted to investigate the conditions of the glucoa- mylase production, the purification of the enzyme, some characteristics of the purified enzyme and hydrolysis rate on various raw starches such as com, rice, potato, glutinous rice, sweet potato, wheat and barley. The optimum cultural temperature and time for the enzyme production on wheat bran medium were $30^{\circ}C$ and 96hrs, respectively. The respective addition of yeast extract and nutrient broth on wheat bran medium increased slightly the enzyme production. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 30.7u/mg-protein and the yield of enzyme activity was 25.8%. The purified enzyme showed a single band on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and its molecular weight was estimated to be 56,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point for the purified enzyme was pH3.7. The optimum temperature and pH were $65^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0, respectively. The purified enzyme was stable in the pH range of pH 3.0-9.5 and below $45^{\circ}C$, and its thermal stability was slightly increased by the addition of $Ca^{2+}$. The purified enzyme was activated by $Co^{2+},\;Sr^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}$. Raw rice starch, raw corn starch, raw glutinous rice starch, raw sweet potato starch, raw wheat starch and raw barley starch showed more than 90% hydrolysis rate in 48hrs incubation. Even raw potato starch, most difficult to be hydrolyzed, showed 80% hydrolysis rate. The purified enzyme was identified as glucoamylase.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1986

고추 탄저병균(炭疽病菌)(Colletrichum denzatium f. sp. capsicum)의 발아(發芽)에 미치는 영양원(營養源) 및 환경요인(環境要因)의 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코져 slide 발아법(發芽法)으로 실시(實施)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 고추 탄저병균(炭疽病菌) 분생포자(分生胞子) 발아(發芽)의 온도범위(溫度範圍)는 $15{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ 이고 최적온도(最適溫度)는 $28^{\circ}C$, pH 범위(範圍)는 $4.5{\sim}8.0$이고 최적(最適) pH 는 5.5 였고 상대습도(相對濕度)는 포화(飽和)에 가까운 90% 이상(以上)의 상대습도(相對濕度)에서 발아율(發芽率)이 현저(顯著)히 좋았다. 2. 고추 탄저병균(炭疽病菌)의 포자발아(胞子發芽)는 PSB(potato sucrose broth), RPFD(red pepper fruit broth), GPFB(green pepper furit broth) 및 PLB (pepper leaf broth) 에서는 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 나타내었으나 살균증류수(殺菌蒸溜水)(D.W) 에서는 발아율(發芽率)이 현저(顯著)히 떨어지는 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. 탄소원(炭素源)과 질소원(窒素源)의 투여(投與)는 발아(發芽)에 절대적(絶對的)인 영향(影響)을 미치는 것으로 확인(確認)되었으며 K,P 및 S 등(等)의 무기염류(無機鹽類)는 뚜렷한 경향(傾向)을 보이지 않았다. 4. 탄소원(炭素源)이 발아(發芽)에 미치는 효과(效果)에서 단당류(單糖類)인 glucose 와 galactose 에서, 이당류(二糖類)인 lactose 에서 그리고 다당류(多糖類)인 가용성(可溶性) 전분(澱粉)에서 90% 이상(以上)의 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 나타내었다. 5. 현탁액(懸濁液)의 분생포자(分生胞子) 밀도(密度)가 $1{\times}10^4\;conidia/ml$ 일때 가장 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 나타내었고 $2{\times}10^4\;conidia/ml$ 이상(以上)일 때 발아율(發芽率)은 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)되었으며 $5{\times}10^4\;conidia/ml$의 포자밀도(胞子密度)에서는 극(極)히 낮은 발아율(發芽率)을 보이는 것으로 미루어 포자밀도(胞子密度)의 증가(增加)가 self-inhibitor 로 작용(作用)하는 것으로 추측(推測)되며 기질(基質)을 제거(除去)한 분생포자(分生胞子)의 발아율(發芽率)은 기질(基質)을 제거(除去)하지 않은 분생포자(分生胞子)의 발아율(發芽率)보다 낮은 경향(傾向)을 보였으며 분생포자(分生胞子) 밀도(密度)가 증가(增加)할수록 더욱 현저(顯著)한 발아율(發芽率)의 감소(減少)를 가져왔다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.400-407
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• 2013

The growth characteristics and production of color pigments by Monascus strains were investigated during liquid culture, and production of monacolin K in red mold rice was carried out by solid state fermentation. Four different Monascus ruber strains were cultured in potato dextrose yeast extract broth (PDYB) media at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. The high producing strain for red pigment was not corresponded to the strain for yellow pigment. Production of red pigment was high in the strain causing the fast pH change in culture broth. Production of monacolin K in red mold rice by solid state fermentation was influenced by a combination of wet cell weight and spore density in inoculum by liquid culture. Most strains showed the high production of monacolin K in red mold rice, when submerged fermentation was carried out for 5 days as inoculum for solid state fermentation. These results suggest that submerged fermentation period of inoculum have an effect on the production of monacolin K in red mold rice by solid state fermentation, and monacolin K in red mold rice could be increased by controlling the condition of submerged fermentation for inoculum.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.297-301
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• 1995

An anthracycline antibiotic, aclacinomycin A (aclarubicin), was produced from a mutant strain of Streptomyces lavendofoliae. The mutant strain which showed a 4-fold higher productivity of aclacinomycin A compared with the parent strain was also found to produce a significantly higher amount of aclacinomycin A than the reported production strain, Streptomyces galilaeus. The aclacinomycin A was produced up to 125 mg/l using potato starch and soybean meal as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, on a 3 liter scale fermentation in a 5 liter jar fermentor. The mutant strain also produced significant amount of aclacinomycins Band Y. Aclacinomycin A was isolated from the culture broth by solvent extractions and further purified by silica gel column chromatography. The yield of aclacinomycin A with over 99$%$ purity was found to be over 60$%$ starting from 3 liters of culture broth.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1246-1253
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• 2008

Phyllosticta melochiae, an endophytic fungus isolated from the healthy leaves of Melochia corchorifolia, was screened for the production of an anticancer drug, taxol on modified liquid medium and potato dextrose broth medium in culture for the first time. The presence of taxol was confirmed by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods of analysis. The amount of taxol produced by this fungus was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The maximum amount of fungal taxol production was recorded as $274{\mu}g/L$. The production rate was increased to $5.5{\times}1,000$ fold than that found in the culture broth of earlier reported fungus, Taxomyces andreanae. The fungal taxol extracted also showed a strong cytotoxic activity in the in vitro culture of tested human cancer cells by apoptotic assay. The results designate that the fungal endophyte, P. melochiae is an excellent candidate for an alternate source of taxol supply and can serve as a potential species for genetic engineering to enhance the production of taxol to a higher level.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.94-108
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• 2023

Termitomyces sp. that grow in symbiosis with fungus-farming Termites have medicinal properties. However, they are rare in nature, and their artificial culture is challenging. The expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules favor the growth of cancer cells. The study evaluated the optimal conditions for the artificial culture of Termitomyces and their inhibitory activity on AXL and immune checkpoint molecules in lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma cell lines. The culture of 45 strains of Termitomyces was compared. Five strains with marked growth rates were selected. Four of the selected strains form a single cluster by sequence analysis. The mycelium of 4 selected strains produces more fungal mass in potato dextrose broth than in a mixed media. The bark was the most appropriate solid substrate for Termitomyces mycelia culture. The mycelium of all five selected strains showed a higher growth rate under normal CO₂ conditions. The culture broth, methanol, and ethyl acetate of one selected strain (T-120) inhibited the mRNA relative expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules in cancer cell lines. Overall, these results suggest the potential usefulness of Termitomyces extracts as a coadjuvant therapy in malignant diseases.