• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.573-583
• /
• 2000

In order to investigate the characteristics of PM(sub)2.5 in the background area, the following pollutant were measured from February 1996 to June 1999 in Kanghwa: PM(sub)2.5 mass, sulfate, nitrate, chloride, ammonium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium. The mean concentration of PM(sub)2.5 mass was 25.8$\pm$1.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥(range 5.18~85.74). This value was higher than the annual PM(sub)2.5 US NAAQS(15$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) and the total number of samples higher than the 24-h PM(sub)2.5 US NAAQS(65$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) was seven. PM(sub)2.5 masses also showed temporal variations both yearly and seasonally. Total water soluble ions constituted about 45% of PM(sub)2.5 miss, and sulfate, nitrate and ammonium were main components in water soluble ions. Compared with the literature data from other areas, the measured PM(sub)2.5 concentrations were relatively high.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.174-178
• /
• 2002

Phellinus linteus (Hymenocaetaceae) is a member of Basidiomycotinae, which has been used for the treatment of gastric cancer, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, diarrhea, and menstrual irregularity. To investigate the diuretic action of Phellinus linteus, urinary volume, serum parameters and urinary electrolytes in HgCl$_2$-induced acute renal failure rats in vivo were measured. The results showed that its MeOH extract produced significant increases on urinary volume, sodium and potassium excretion, and revealed lowering effects of the abnormally elevated BUN, creatinine and uric acid value in acute renal failure rats.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.11 no.1_2
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 1996

The production of reactive oxygen species on addition of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate, $K_2Cr_2O_7$ ) to lung cells in culture was studied using flow cytometer analysis. A Coulter Epics Profile flow cytometer was used to detect the formation of reactive oxygen species after $K_2Cr_2O_7$ was added to A549 cells grown to confluence. The cells were loaded with the dye, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, after which cellular esterases removed the acetate groups and the dye was trapped intracellularly. Reactive oxygen species oxidized the dye, with resultant fluorescence. Increased doses of Cr(VI) caused increasing fluorescence (10-fold higher than background at 200 gM). Addition of Cr(III) compounds, as the picolinate or chloride, caused no increased fluorescence. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies indicated that three (as yet unidentified) spectral "signals" of the free radical type were formed on addition of 20, 50, 100 and 200 gM Cr(VI) to the A549 cells in suspension. Two other EPR 'signals" with the characteristics of Cr(V) entities were seen at field values lower than the standard free radical value. radical value.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1999

Dietary hypertension induced by feeding cholesterol and vitamin D3 in rats for 7 weeks was prevented by the addition of fursulthiamine and diallyl disulfide in the diet. In the isolated preparation of the hypertentive rats, the contractile forces were potentiated by norepinephrine, serotonin and potassium chloride, as compared to that of the normotensive rats. However, the increased contractile forces of the hypertensive rats were inhibited in the aorta of the rats fed with fursulthiamine. Decreases in triglyceride contents were observed in the sera of the hypertensive rats fed with fursulthiamine. Therefore, it is suggested that dietary hypertension in rats may be prevented by supplement of fursulthiamine in the diet.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 1995

CDP-choline is known as an intermediate of lecithin biosynthesis, and as an important drug for nervous diseases of the brain, For the bioconversion of CMP and choline to CDP-choline, ATP is required as an energy source. In these studies, the biosynthetic reaction of CDP-choline was coupled with ATP regenerating system by glycolysis. As a microorganism containing the highest conversion activity of CMP and choline to CDP-choline, Candida utilis ATCC 42416 was selected. The optimum reaction condition were 50mM choline chloride, 20mM CMP, 100mM potassium phosphate (pH8.0), 300mM glucose, 50mM MgSO4, 10% dried cells with shaking incubation at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The reaction was thus performed for 10 hours under the above optimum conditions. The concentration of CDP-choline was 16mM(80% in conversion ratio).

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.32-39
• /
• 2005

In order to identify potential biomarkers of environmental monitoring, we evaluated heat shock genes expressions as effects of various environmental pollutants (nonylphenol, bisphenol-A, 17a­ethynyl estradiol, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, endosulfan, paraquat dichloride, chloropyriphos, fenitrothion, cadmium chloride, lead nitrate, potassium dichromate, benzo[a]pyrene and carbon tetrachloride) on larvae of aquatic midge Chironomus tentans (Diptera, Chironomidae). Heat shock protein 70 gene expression increased in most of chemicals treated larvae compared to control. The response was rapid and sensitive to low chemical concentrations but not stressor specific. In conjunction with stressor specific biomarkers, heat shock protein 70 gene expression in Chironomus might be developed for assessing exposure to environmental stressors in the fresh water ecosystem. Considering the potential of Chironomus larvae as biomonitoring species, heat shock gene expression has a considerable potential as a sensitive biomarker for environmental monitoring in Chironomus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.90-96
• /
• 1994

Changes in haemolymph proteins, hydrolases such as esterase(EST), acid phosphatase(ACP) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) , and inorganic ion(Na+, K+ and Cl- ) contents were induced by the injection of Bacillus thuringiengis into haemocoel of the last instar larva of Heliothis assulta. Protein concentration of haemolymph was increased until 24 hrs after injection, and decreased thereafter. Among the 8 basic protein bands identified through acid - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE), 2 bands(bands a and b) became stronger by the bacterial infection. Activities of EST and ALP increased until 12 hrs after injection and then fell down, whereas ACP activity was decreased continuously with time after injection. Contents of inorganic ions were all increased by the bacterial injection, showing slow rate of increase in the chloride ion, but rapid in the sodium and potassium ions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.599-604
• /
• 1996

The synthesis is reported of p-nitrophenyl glycosides of D-galactose modified at C-4 with azido- (5), amino- (6) group and fluorine (13). 4-Azido-2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranosyl chloride and 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-4-deoxy-4-fluoro-α-D-galactopyranosyl bromide were coupled with potassium p-nitrophenoxide in the presence of 18-crown-6 giving the corresponding p-nitrophenyl 4-azido-and 4-fluoro-4-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside derivatives. p-Nitrophenyl 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside (6) was obtained by selective reduction of p-nitrophenyl 4-azido-4-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside (5) using 1,3-propane dithioltriethylamine. These galactoside analogs were slowly hydrolyzed in the increasing rate order of 5, 6 and 13 by β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.122-126
• /
• 1995

The effects of treating bovine heart mitochondria with potassium chloride and surfactants such as digitonin and n-dodecy-$\beta$-maltoside (DMS) including plant saponins on extracting cytochrome c were examined. The spectra given by the cytochrome c-containing solutions from the extraction were inspected to ascertain whether ginseng and bellflower saponins could be used instead of the generally- employed surfactants of digitonin and DMS. These studies implied that the effect of ginseng saponins is superior to that of digitonin but inferior to that of DMS, and give rise to the idea of substitutional property of ginseng saponins for the widely-employed surfactants in the extraction of mitochondria intermembrane cytochrome c. The substitution for the solubilizing surfactants by bellflower saponins could, however, not presumably be anticipated; while ginseng saponin mixture are a suitable substitute.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.7
• /
• pp.1148-1153
• /
• 2018

The Leaking Fuel Experiment test facility was designed to simulate the activity release from spent leaking fuel rods under steady state and transient conditions in the spent fuel pool. The experimental rig included an electrically heated fuel rod with different defects and a cooling system. The fission product transport was simulated by potassium-chloride. The conductivity changes of the water in the cooling system were measured to provide information about the amount of released solution. Defects of different sizes and positions were applied, together with a wide range of rod powers to simulate decay heat. The produced data can be used for predicting the activity release from leaking fuel under storage conditions and for the interpretation of fuel examination procedures.