• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 1992

Studies were conducted to determine the combined effect of uniconazole [(E) -1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-demethyl 2-(1,2,4 triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol] and silver thiosulfate $[Ag {(S_2O_3)}^3\;_2-]$ (STS) on reduction of ozone injury in tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Pink Glory'). Plants were given a 50ml soil drench of uniconazole at concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/pot at the stage of emerging 4th leaf. Two days prior to ozone fumigation, STS solution contained 0.05% Tween-20 was also sprayed at concentrations of 0, 0.3 and 0.6 mM. Uniconazole at 0.01 mg/pot and STS at 0.6 mM were effective in providing protection against ozone exposure(20h at 0.2ppm) without severe retardation of plant height and chemical phytotoxicity, respectively. Combined treatment with uniconazole, STS significantly reduced ozone injury at the lower concentration than a single treatment with uniconazole or STS. Uniconazole treatment reduced plant height, stem elongation and transpiration rate on a whole plant level and increased chlorophyll concentration. STS did not give any effect on plant growth and chlorophyll content but increased transpiration rate in non-ozone-fumigated plants. Ethylene production in the leaves of ozone-fumigated plants was decreased by uniconazole and STS pretreatment, but there was no protective effect on epinasty of leaves in uniconazole-treated plants. STS increased ethylene production in non-ozone-fumigated plants, but it significantly reduced the degree of epinasty and defoliation of cotyledons when plants were exposed to ozone. Uniconazole slightly increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. But STS showed little or no effects on such free radical scavengers. Day of flowering after seeding was shortened and percentages of fruit set were increased by uniconazole treatment. STS was highly effective on protecting reduction of fruit set resulting from ozone fumigation. These results suggest that combined use of uniconazole and STS should provide miximum protection against ozone injury without growth retardation resulting in yield loss.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 1974

The relations of the growth responses of plants, i.e. 4 species of crops, 12 species of roadside trees and 5 species of horticultural plants to cadmium (Cd) to which added soil were studied in pot culture. Growth in dry weight of corn, soybean, barley and wheat plant were decreased with increase of Cd concentration. Damage of corn plant caused by Cd treatment was more or less recovered when it was grown in soil with calcium, but that of other three crops was not recovered when it was with calcium. Although crop plants used here absorbed small amount of Cd through root, Cd content in the shoot was directly proportionate to the concentration of Cd treated to soil. Additions of calcium and sulfur to soil were effectively to change of soil pH, and only of calcium increased exchangeable calcium and cation exchange capacity of its soil. The chlorosis on leaves caused by Cd treatment was observed in 2 species such as Euonymus japonica and Rhododendron yedoense out of 5 species of the horticultural plants, especially at 50ppm of Cd concentration, Euonymus japonica occurred symptoms of chlorosis and difoliation, and at the higher concentration than that the symtoms were sever more and more. At 200 ppm of Cd feeble damage was observed in Pinus koraiensis and Ginkgo biloba but severe chlorosis observed in Robinia pseudoacacia and Sabina chinensis, Buxus koreana, Abies holophylla and Platanus orientalis. Nevertheless those plants had serious damage at 200 ppm of Cd, such symptom was weakened by adding calcium to soil with Cd. There were many Cd tolerant species out of the plants used in thies xperiment, such as Crassula falcata, Chrysanthemum morfolium, Hibiscus syriacus, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Liriodendron tulipeferia, Lespedeza crytobotrys.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.170-175
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• 2000

A pot-lysimeter experiment was conducted with 3-year-old 'Tsugaru' apple (Malus domestica Borkh) trees to examine the changes in oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) with lateral flow velocity of water through soil. The influence of lateral water flow velocity on water relations and elemental content in leaf, and sap temperature distribution patterns of the xylem of trees were also determined. Trees were grown under four soil water regimes: (1) fast laterally flowing (FWT, $2.50{\times}10^{-4}cm\;s^{-1}$), (2) slow laterally flowing (SWT, $0.25{\times}10^{-4}cm\;s^{-1}$), and (3) stagnant water table (WLT) at 60-cm, and (4) drip-irrigation at -40 kPa of soil matric potential as a control. The rate of $O_2$ diffusion converged near $2{\times}10^{-3}g\;m^{-2}\;min^{-1}$ for FWT and control soils, but decreased below $1{\times}10^{-3}g\;m^{-2}\;min^{-1}$ 40 days after treatment (DAT) for WLT soils. For SWT soils, however, the ODR at 15 cm below the soil surface was similar to that of control, but at 45 cm below the soil surface, ODR was similar to that of the WLT treatment. Leaf water potential of FWT and SWT plants was similar to that of control plants, but the values for SWT plants declined by 98 DAT. Leaf water potential of WLT plants decreased from -1.86 MPa (9 DAT) to -2.41 MPa (59 DAT) and finally down to -2.70 MPa. The sap temperature measured at 1100-hr was lowest at top and highest at bottom for FWT and control plants, but this pattern of SWT and WLT plants was disturbed from 29 DAT. However, for SWT plants, such thermal disturbance of sap temperature disappeared from 63 DAT.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.947-951
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• 2015

This study presents proper irrigation interval for the soil condition of green roof system and the smooth growth of the landscaping herbaceous plants available and reveal the need for irrigation in rooftop conditions. Twenty kinds of greenery plants are tested on ground paved wood panels where rain and wind shielder is installed. Before test, irrigation is conducted fully to experimental plants and then soil moisture in pot is measured after every ten minutes. In conclusion, it is suggested that the irrigation has to be carried out every 4~5 days in order to minimize water and heat stress of plants. Also, irrigation management is an essential prerequisite for good condition and the smooth growth of plants and environmental effects in green roof system.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2014

The As accumulation in part of roots, shoots, husks and grains of rice plants was significantly decreased with the increasing dosage of kaolin addition from 0.5% to 10% w/w. Kaolin addition could reduce As accumulation in rice plants, which mainly could be attributed to the formation of stable crystalline Al oxides bound As that decreased the available As in soil with decreased As accumulation in rice plants. The pH values of the soils did not change significantly when amended with kaolin. The pH values of the soils was neural that proper to adsorb of arsenic with $Al_2O_3$. Arsenic tends to adsorb with $Al_2O_3$ at acid neutral pH and with desorbing at alkaline pH. The dry weight of rice plant was significantly increased with the increasing dosage of kaolin addition from 2.5% to 10% w/w. The highest dry weight of rice plants was 6.67 g/pot achieved at kaolin addition of 10% w/w with about 13% increasing over the control, which was probably attributed to the highest As concentration formation with kaolin at this dosage. The results of this study indicated that kaolin has the potential to reduce As accumulation in rice plants and enhance the dry weight of rice plants.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.603-614
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study was conducted to understand urban residents' perception of indoor plants in order to assist in the preparation of guidelines for growing plants indoors. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to urban residents currently growing plants or with experience of growing plants. The data of 247 respondents were subjected to analysis to assess their level of interest and ability with regard to growing plants, and their recognition of the selection and function of plants. Results: Respondents showed high interest in growing plants at a level of 6.77, but their ability was moderate. This suggests that information regarding plant maintenance should be provided to urban residents. They recognized the function of plants for improving the environment as important, and expected that indoor plants would improve their mood and visual experience. Satisfaction with growing plants was high from an emotional perspective. They recognized that the function of air purification function was important even if the actual performance or effect was not great. This indicates that the function of air purification should be emphasized more. As the result of the IPA, plants should be selected in consideration of morphological characteristics such as leaf, flower and fruit, and continuously managed to maintain their characteristics. Since the performance of pots was less satisfactory compared to their importance, they should be selected so that they harmonize better with plants and are of the appropriate size to fit the space. The type of plants is an important factor in plant selection in order to perform an environmental function, and the flower color and pot size are important in terms of aesthetics and healing. Conclusion: When horticulture information on indoor plants is provided to urban residents, first, it should be provided to satisfy the functions of the plants required by urban residents and in order to promote and maintain the proper growth of plants. Second, various contents that utilize components should be developed to achieve plant function so that resident can determine the function of plants and select the type, quantity, and shape of plants to achieve the desired function.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.391-418
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• 1983

Urea and ammonium sulfate without and with sulfur group, respectively, were compared with respect to their nutritive effects on the rice plants, Suweon 264 and Jinheung, under the nursery trial on the protected upland and lowland seedbed, the pot trials with their various combination ratios and with added sodium sulfate to urea and the trials on the paddy fields which have undergone urea and ammonium sulfate application for many years. The rice seedlings fertilized with ammonium sulfate surpassed those with urea in growth performance and nutrients absorption of the rice seedlings at nursery period. Such stimulating effect of ammonium sulfate on the growth and nutrients uptake was more remarkable under the upland nursery than under the lowland one. The pot trial with the various combination ratios of urea and ammonium sulfate revealed that the chlorophyll content in leaf blade increased with the increment of sulfate ratio in the combination and the sole application of urea caused the chlorosis of leaf which was more conspicuous in Suweon 264 than in Jinheung. Fertilized with the same active ingradient amount of nitrogen, the rice plants supplied with ammonium sulfate surpassed those with urea in the chlorophyll content consistently under the nursery, the pot and the paddy field trials. The photosynthesis of flag leaf at heading stage increased with the combination rate of ammonium sulfate in the pot trial. The sulfur applicated as supplementary element of nitrogen in the nursery, the pot and the field trials were observed to be in positive relationship to the nitrogen and potassium content, but to be in negative correlation to the calcium content. The sulfur content in the rice plants was higher at early growth stage and decreased with the advance in growth stage. The nitrogen content also showed a similiar tendency to the sulfur content, and the N/S ratio was higher at early growth stage than at later one. The N/S ratio was negatively correlated with the chlorophyll content. In the field experiment, ammonium sulfate surpassed urea in the number of productive tiller, dry matter production and unhulled rice yields, but much stimulating effect of ammonium sulfate on the grain production was shown to be less effective than that on the straw production. The nitrogen and major nutrients content in the rice straw at harvest were higher in the paddy field with long-term ammonium sulfate application than in that with long-term urea application, suggesting that the former might have greater potentiality in nutrients supply than the latter.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2012

Plant growth-promoting effects of rhizobacterial inoculation obtained in pot experiments cannot always be dependably reproduced in fields. In this study, we investigated the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Methylobacterium oryzae, which have displayed growth promoting effects in several pot experiments, on growth and fruit yield of red pepper under field condition in a plastic-film house. Four rows spaced 90 cm apart were prepared after application of compost ($10Mg\;ha^{-1}$), and red pepper seedlings (Capsicum annum L., Nocgwang) were transplanted in each row with 40-cm space. Experimental treatments were consisted of A. brasilense CW903 inoculation, M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation, and uninoculated control. Twelve plots, 10 plants per plot, were allotted to the three treatments with four replicates in a completely randomized design. At the time of transplanting, 50 mL of each inoculum ($1{\times}10^8cells\;mL^{-1}$) was introduced into root zone soil of each plant, and re-inoculated at 7 and 14 days after transplant. Plant growth and fruit yield were measured during the experiment. Both A. brasilense CW903 and M. oryzae CBMB20 could not promote growth of red pepper plants. All growth parameters measured were not significantly different among treatments. There were large variations in fruit yield recorded on plot basis, and no statistically significant differences were found among treatments. The failure to demonstrate the expected plant growth promoting effect of the inoculants is possibly due to various environmental factors, including weather and soil characteristics, reducing the possibility to express the potential of the inoculated bacterial strains.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.172-183
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• 1994

The productions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal(AMF) spores were observed by adding three different commercial fertilizers on AMF inhabiting soils. Various morphological features, vesicles, arbuscles, sporulations of spore, and flower-like-structures, were also found in the mycorrhizal roots during 80 days after transplanting. Spore prodcutions of the employed AMF were observed to be periodically increased with the intervals of 40 days. Sorghum, green onion, hot pepper, and wild legume plants were appeared to be a good plant for productions of AMF and as the host of AMF. The productions of AMF spores was inversely related to phosphate fertilizer, and also observed to be low in the plant pots added with whole balanced fertilizers.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.12-19
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• 2010

This study was carried out to explore the availability of seedling pots made from paper mill sludge using red pepper species called Nokkwang. The seedling pots were made by several conditions such as different mixing ratios between sludge and old newspaper (ONP), sterilizing treatment and latex coating. After 30 day cultivation in a green house, the growth condition of the red peppers was evaluated by comparison with those raised in the plastics seedling pots. The red peppers in the plastics pot showed a better growth than those in the sludge pots. Sterilizing treatment, latex coating and different mixing ratios between paper sludges and ONP did rarely affect a growth rate of the plant and the contents of inorganic elements. However, latex coating contributed to protection of physical structure of the sludge pots in spite of constant water feeding. Even though some inorganic elements from the sludge pots migrated into the bed soils, electronic conductivity of the bed soils was within the proper range for the plant growth. Finally it was confirmed that the seedling pots made from paper mill sludges could be used to cultivate horticultural plants as the alternative to the plastics pots.