• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.121-142
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review the acupuncture treatment Urinary incontinence (UI) and Overactive bladder (OAB) in postmenopausal women. Methods: We searched articles in 8 search engines with keywords related to 'Overactive bladder', 'Urinary incontinence' and 'Menopause' in July 2022. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) that used acupuncture on Urinary incontinence (UI) and Overactive bladder (OAB) after menopause were included. Animal studies and non RCT data were excluded. Data on acupuncture treatment such as methods, site, duration, frequency, and period were analyzed. Also, network analysis between acupoints was conducted. Results: 15 articles were selected and analyzed. Studies were conducted using manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture and fire acupuncture. Most studies used more than one acupoint, and there were 32 acupoints selected for acupuncture treatment for UI and OAB after menopause. The most commonly used acupoint was 中極 (CV3) (n=8). In terms of the correlation of acupoints, 太谿 (KI3) had the highest value of degree centrality at 0.75. The mean treatment time, number of treatments, and duration were 26.42±6.10 minutes, 18.71±9.09 times, and 6.87±4.77 weeks. Conclusions: The results of this study could be useful in establishing the evidence for performing standardized acupuncture treatment for Urinary incontinence and Overactive bladder in postmenopausal women.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2022

본 연구는 한국 폐경 후 여성을 대상으로 우울증과 식이성 염증지수 간의 관련성을 살펴보기 위하여 국민건강영양조사 2016~2020년의 자료를 이용하여 식이성 염증지수 수준에 따른 식행동, 항염증과 염증유발 항목의 영양소 및 식품 섭취량, 식이성 염증지수와 우울증과의 관계에 관하여 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 염증성 식이군은 항염증 식이군에 비해 혼자서 거주하는 비율이 높고, 교육수준과 소득수준이 낮았다. 건강행태 요인으로 염증성 식이군은 흡연율이 높고 신체활동율과 삶의 질이 낮으며, 식행동 요인으로는 아침, 점심, 저녁 식사 결식률과 가족 동반 아침식사 비율, 영양표시 인지율이 낮았다. 식이성 염증지수 점수가 높을수록 우울증상 선별도구인 PHQ-9 점수와 우울증 교차비는 증가하였다. 식이성 염증지수의 항염증 항목 중 MUFA, PUFA, n-3계 지방산, n-6계 지방산 항목은 식이성 염증지수 점수가 증가할수록 우울증 유병위험도가 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 폐경 후 여성의 우울증 관리를 위한 바람직한 식생활과 항염증성 식사 섭취 지침에 기초자료를 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2015

Objectives: Postmenopausal symptoms are subject to many factors. Recently, obesity has been suggested as a factor of hot flush. So this study aims to report the relationship between body composition and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), The Menopause-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) of postmenopausal women. Methods: We studied 42 climacteric women who had visited Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from April 2011 to July 2014. 42 women had filled out MRS, MENQOL, and they had taken body composition tests. Pearson correlation tests were conducted. (Correlation was statistically significant at the 0.05 level) Results: Correlation between psychological subscale of MENQOL and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) was statistically significant (pearson correlation coefficient=0.385; p-value=0.012). But other subscales of MRS and MENQOL were not statistically related with body composition. Conclusions: WHR could be an important factor of psychological health of menopausal women. So, abdominal fat reduction must be considered when curing menopausal symptoms. In connection with climacteric depression, well-designed studies would be necessary.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제15권
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• pp.93-98
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• 1996

During the period from January to September 1995, 1.010 Women(premenopausal 466 cases and postmenopausal 544 cases) of employees and family member were observed for bone mineral density of lumbar spine using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA) at Medical Department of Korea Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Results obtained were as follows: 1) In premenopausal women 466 cases, the ratio of decreased bone mineral density of lumbar spine according to age groups shows 3rd decade were 5 cases(9.80%) among 51 cases, 4th decade were 31 cases(8.68%) among 357 cases, and 5th decade were 10 cases(17.24%) among 58 cases. 2) In postmenopausal women 544 cases, the ratio of decreased bone mineral density of lumbar spine according to age groups shows 3rd decade were 2 cases(66.67%) among 3 cases, 4th decade were 28 cases(31.11%) among 90 cases, 5th decade were 168 cases(48.70%) among 345 cases, 6th decade were 73 cases(73.0%) among 100 cases, and 7th decade were 4 cases(66.67%) among 6 cases. 3) Bone mineral density begins to decrease with age as early as the 4th decade, even in the premenopausal state. In the 4th decade, premenopausal women exhibit an average 8.68% decrease in bone density. Postmenopausal women in this same age group, however, demonstrate an average bone density decrease of 31.11%.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1991

This study was designed to investigate the effects of aerobic and /or Ca supplementation for six months on lipid metabolism and blood pressure in postmenopausal women. The subjects were healthy 29 women aged from 60 to 70 years old. They were divided into four groups: placebo and Ca supplementation group with and without exercise. The amount of Ca supplemented was 500mg a day. The frequency of doing exercise was three times a week and each time, it took 40 minutes to complete all the course of aerobic dancing programmed for old women. During the experimental period, the subjects ate their usual diets and the use of druge as well as additional exercise was prohibited. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Percent body fat and BMI were significantly decreased and the body weight tended to decreased due to aerobic dancing. 2. Serum lipids content tended to show only a slihgt changes due to Ca supplementation: serum triglyceride, total-chol, LDL-chol, FFA content tended to decrease but serum HDL-chol / LDL-chol ratio tended to increase after the experiment in Ca group. On the contrary, serum lipids level was not changed by exercise. 3. Blood pressure did not show any significant changes by Ca supplementation and / or exercise for 6 months in old women. 4. Serum Ca level of Ca group was significantly increased after experiment in Ca group (p<0.05) but not in Ex-Ca group. In summarization, it appeared that the aerobic dancing was a definite way to reduce percent body fat and BMI in postmenopausal women. On the other hand, Ca supplementation seemed to be able to induce favorable changes in serum lipids. However, any synergistic metabolic effects of exercise and Ca supplementation was not seen in this study. Further study is needed to elucidate the relationship between exercise and/or Ca supplementation and the changes in blood lipids profile as well as blood pressure more clearly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.603-612
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• 2003

Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease. This is due to primarily dyslipidemia accompanying the loss of estrogen secretion. Soy isoflavones are known to have weak estrogenic effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether isoflavone supplement improves the risk of cardiovascular disease in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Subjects consisted of 39 Korean postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol $\geq$ 200 mg/㎗ or LDL cholesterol $\geq$ 130 mg/㎗). Subjects were divided into 2 groups; placebo group (PG), isoflavone supplement group (IG). During 12 weeks, subjects were given placebo and 80mg isoflavone daily. Anthropometric measurement, blood sample analysis and dietary intake measurement were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly (p ＜ 0.01) and plasma HDL cholesterol level was increased significantly (p ＜ 0.05) in IG. But there were no significant changes in plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels after isoflavone supplementation. There was a negative correlation between initial plasma HDL cholesterol level and the extent of plasma HDL cholesterol reduction in IG (r＝-0.572, p＝0.012). Atherogenic index (AI), total-/LDL- cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio were improved significantly after isoflavone supplementation. In subjects whose initial plasma LDL cholesterol level were above 160 mg/㎗, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level were decreased and total antioxidant status (TAS) were increased significantly after isoflavone supplement (p ＜ 0.05). However there were no significant changes in flow-mediated dilator (FMD), the marker of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and nitroglycerine-mediated dilator (NMD), the marker of endothelium-independent vasodilation and the extent of DNA damage after isoflavone supplement. In conclusion, these results indicate that isoflavone supplement may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease via improving blood pressure, HDL cholesterol level and AI in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Futhermore, in case of subjects with elevated LDL cholesterol level, isoflavone supplementation may have more antiatherogenic effects via improving antioxidant status.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2020

Background: The indication of denosumab for osteoporosis was expanded from second-line to first-line therapy in 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of denosumab as both first- and second-line therapy in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and osteopenia with risk factors by using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). Methods: We conducted a medication use evaluation of denosumab in 98 patients who had been treated three or more times for osteoporosis or osteopenia at Chungnam National University Hospital from July 1^st, 2017 to January 31^st, 2020. Risk factors were identified using quantitative N-gram analyses of FRAX estimations. Patient information, including menopause status and results of bone mineral density tests (T-score), was obtained from electronic medical records. Results: Age, body mass index (BMI), prior medication use, and T-score were identified as risk factors and were included as variables in the evaluation of denosumab use. Since no significant differences were detected between groups, denosumab is likely effective regardless of age or BMI. In addition, no significant difference was detected in T-scores following denosumab treatment, between groups who took bisphosphonates and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) with denosumab as first-line therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Denosumab may, therefore, be effective as second-line therapy. Conclusion: Efficacy of denosumab was evaluated in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Denosumab may be used as first- and second-line therapy regardless of age, BMI, and prior use of bisphosphonates and SERMs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of a novel formulation of low-dose calcium and vitamin $D_3$ blended with Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and Eleutherococcus senticosus Max (RE+), in postmenopausal women. The controls were given either a placebo or high dose calcium and vitamin $D_3$ (Ca + D). Bone mineral density (BMD) in the L2-3 lumber spines and femur regions was assessed, and serum osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) were used as markers of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Furthermore, all variables were measured before and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. The osteocalcin level was higher in the RE+ group, and BALP was almost the same in all groups. Serum NTx was significantly decreased in the RE+ group after 12 months (p<0.05). The NTx in the Ca + D and placebo groups showed no significant change. The decrease of femur BMD was further demonstrated in the placebo group, but significantly increased in the RE+ group after 6 and 12 months of treatment (p<0.05). There were significant differences in the percent changes of femur BMD between the placebo and RE+ groups (p<0.01) and Ca+D and RE+ groups (p<0.05). The decrease of spine BMD in the placebo group was inhibited both in the Ca + D and RE+ groups, however, there was significant difference only between the placebo and RE+ groups (p<0.05). These findings suggest that continuous oral therapy of the RE+ formulation reduces rapidly decreasing bone mineral density in postmenopausal women more effectively than high doses of calcium and vitamin $D_3$ alone by inhibiting osteoclastic activity. Therefore, it seems that the RE+ has its own antiosteoporotic effects. We suggest larger clinical studies to determine the most efficacious dosage and benefits of this novel treatment.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intakes in middle-aged women(pre and postmenopausal) and relation to climacteric symptoms. We conducted the anthropometric measurements, climacteric symptoms survey, and dietary intake to assess the nutrient intakes. Also, dietary quality indices were evaluated. The subjects, over 40 years old, were 168 middle aged women(pre=74, postmenopausal=94), mean age was $48.9{\pm}3.6yr$. The anthropometric measurements showed that 59% of subjects were overweight and obese. Climacteric symptoms that were answered 'yes' in 50% plus in the subjects, were dry eyes, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, large joint pain(shoulder), fatique, backache, dry skin, joint pain(ankle and knee), dry mouth, dizziness, depression and lonesomeness, snore, morning stiffness, and hot flash. Some symptoms showed significant difference between pre and postmenopausal groups. The average energy intake was 1602.1 Kcal, which was 82% of the Korean EER. The subjects had lower vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, Fe, Zn and Ca intake than Korean RI. The lowest nutrient intake was Ca. The mean of food intake was 1294.2 g and MAR of diet quality indices was 0.83. In relation to dietary factors with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been found between total protein, animal protein, lipid, cholesterol and niacin intake and 'fatique', energy, carbohydrate, thiamin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, Na, K and Fe intake and 'dry skin', Ca intake and 'difficult concentration'. Our results indicate that dietary factors(food and nutrients intake, INQ, NAR, MAR) may effect the prevention and reduction of some climacteric symptoms in middle aged women.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2004

Postmenopausal squamous atypia (PSA) is a phenomenon characterized by cellular alterations mimicking condyloma in the uterine cervix of postmenopausal women. It is not associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The aim of this study is to correlate findings with HPV infection and the cytohistologic findings of PSA. Eighty-three smears from postmenopausal women, initially interpreted as ASCUS and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(LSIL), were reviewed according to the criteria of PSA. Fifty-eight cases were subsequently reclassified as PSA. Forty cases categorized as PSA were available for HPV-DNA detection by a nested polymerase chain reaction. Eight of these 40 cases(20%) showed biopsy-proven LSIL lesions. The HPV-DNA was detected in 42.5%(17/40), compared to 25%(5/20) of control cases. The HPV-DNA detection rate of biopsy-proven LSIL was 62.5%(5/8). It has been concluded that cytologic differential diagnosis of PSA from LSIL is difficult due to because of poor histologic and viral correlation.