• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.277-280
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• 1998

The treatment of anterior disc displacement without reduction patients needs speicific treatment methods different from other Craniomandibular Disorders. Those are manual manipulation, anterior repositioning splint; ARS and step-back. It is well known that the use of Anterior Repositioning Splint is effective on relief of TMJ symptom. But the side effect of long- term ARS wearing, which is irreversible posterior open bite induction, has made many clinicians avoid ARS treatment. This report introduces a clinical case recently proven part- time wearing ARS method for treatment of Disc Displacement without reduction patient' that can reduce side effects with good efficacy. But now clinical statistical studies and basical histophysiological studies are more needed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2020

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) patients may experience emotional withdrawal during their growth period due to their abnormal facial appearance. Distraction osteogenesis at an early age to improve their appearance can encourage these patients. Some abnormalities of the affected side can be overcome by distraction osteogenesis at an early age. However, differences in the growth rate between the affected and unaffected sides during the rest of the growth period are inevitable due to the characteristics of HFM. Therefore, re-evaluation should be performed after completion of growth in order to achieve stable occlusion through either orthognathic surgery or camouflage orthodontic treatment. An eight-year-old patient visited the clinic exhibiting features of HFM with slight mandibular involvement. He received phase I treatment with distraction osteogenesis and a functional appliance. Distraction osteogenesis was performed at the right ramus, which resulted in an open bite at the right posterior dentition. After distraction osteogenesis, a functional appliance and partial fixed appliance were used to achieve extrusion of the affected posterior dentition and settlement of the occlusion adjustment on the unaffected posterior dentition. The patient visited the clinic regularly for follow-up assessments, and at the age of 20 years, he showed facial asymmetry of the mandible, which had deviated to the right side. He received orthodontic treatment to improve the occlusion of his posterior dentition after the growth period. Without orthognathic surgery, stable occlusion and a satisfactory facial appearance were obtained through camouflage orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.293-303
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate if there is a relationship between anterior disc displacement without reduction and development of anterior open bite, and a relation between occurrence of open bite and occlusal appliance therapy. In general, the statistically significant differences were found between the Group 1 and 2 and normal mean group. The variables that represent mandibular size and form, showed a statistical significance in all 3 groups. Also 3 groups patients had a smaller ANB, a larger FMA than normal mean group. When we compared the 3 groups with respect to all cephalometric measurements by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), group 1 and 2 patients had a larger FMA, a larger SN to mandibular plane angle, a larger maxillomandibular plane angle, a larger occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle, a smaller total posterior facial height/total anterior facial height(%), and a larger gonial angle than group 3. The statistically significant differences were not found between the Group 1 and 2, and skeletal patterns were similar. Thus, morphologic features of patients with vertical discrepancies may represent a risk factor for the development of anterior open bite with or without occlusal appliance treatment. In case of patients with vertical discrepancy, we may have to be more careful when inducing a change of the vertical dimension.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1989

66 patients with temporomandibular disorders were selected for experimental group, and 45 normal subjects who were Dental students were selected for control group. Average age of experimental group was 30.5 years, Male to Female ratio was 2 : 3, and their age distribution were teen-ages to seventh decades. Transcranial radiography (TR) with Denar Accurad 100 was used for each group to get the values of width in joint spaces and to investigate the bony changes of articular surfaces and relative condylar position to articular fossa. In addition to TR, clinical interview and routine charting about amount of mandibular movements and occlusal variations were carried out in experimental group. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The mean values of joint space with in control group were 2.15mm to anterior, 2.98mm to superior and 2.29mm to posterior and the value of relative condylar position to the deepest portion of articular fossa was 0.21mm to anterior. In experimental group, those values were 2.01mm, 2.14mm 2.22mm and 0.12mm to posterior in sequence, respectively. Joint spaces in experimental group, therefore, were inclined to decreased, and relative condylar position was inclined to retrude. Joint space in control group showed symmetric condylar position, but in experimental group showed asymmetry. 2. Non-affected joints with no bony changes in experimental group showed the narrowest joint spaces which were thought to manifest the abnormal stress to non-affected side to dysfunctional state of contralateral affected joints. 3. Amount of mandibular movements in experimental group were within normal values in lateral movements and in protrusive movement but in opening movement with or without passive stretch, those were lower than normal values. Frequency of occlusal variation, for example, protrusive posterior contacts, open bite, median line shift to lateral side were inclined to increase with bony changes and with crepitus.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.1 s.72
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• pp.113-127
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stability of counterclockwise rotation of mandible by sagittal split ramus osteotomy to correct the skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior open bite. Twenty five skeletal Class III open bite patients(mean age 20.6 years) who were treated by the sagittal split ramus osteotonues with rigid fixation were examined in this study. Cephalometric radiographs were taken for each Patients Preoperative(T1), ewly Postoperative(T2), and late postoperative Period(T3). Mean postoperative period was 8.0 months. Cephalometric analysis was done and data from T1, T2, and T3 were analyzed statistically by Paired t-test and Pearson correlation analysis. The following results were obtained. 1. Mandibular plane angle decreased $2.9^{\circ}$ and mandibular occlusal plane angle related to SN Plane decreased $2.7^{\circ}$ after orthognathic surgery(T2). At 6 months after orthognathic surgery(T3), mandibular plane angle increased $1.0^{\circ}$, but mandibular occlusal plane angle did not changed. 2. The amount of horizontal relapse long time after orthognathic surgery(T3) was 1.6 mm at B point and it was $22\%$ of the total posterior movements. There was no vertical relapse in the anterior facial height. 3. The related factor with horizontal relapse at late postoperative period was mandibular plane angle(p<0.01). The related factors with decreasing posterior facial height were amount of mandibular setback(p<0.01), increasing of mandibular ramus height(p<0.01), and decrease of the mandibular plane angle during operation(p<0.01). 4. There was no relationship between the amount of changes in mandibular occlusal plan angle during operation and the amount of relapse after surgery.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.66-72
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• 2019

Osteochondroma is a bone tumor with cartilaginous growth potential that generally appears near the growth plate of long bones in areas such as hip, knee, and shoulder joints, related to the nature of endochondral ossification and it is known a common benign bone tumor. However, it has been very rare in craniofacial region possibly because craniofacial bone is largely formed by intramembranous ossification. Moreover, reports on the solitary type of osteochondroma in mandibular condyle has been extremely rare. Osteochondroma in mandibular condylar may show various symptoms similar to general temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs), such as pain in the condylar area during mouth opening, internal derangement, facial asymmetry or posterior open bite. Therefore, it can be disregarded for a long time period without any adequate treatment. Surgical excision has been the treatment option for the solitary osteochondroma with very low recurrence rate reportedly. In this case report, a rare case of solitary osteochondroma developed in unilateral mandibular condyle is presented with emphasis on differential diagnosis with general TMDs.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 2014

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) in temporomandibular joint is a rare benign disorder characterized by cartilaginous metaplasia of the mesenchymal remnants of the synovial tissue. The etiology of the disease is unclear but may be associated with trauma, overuse, local infection, and embryologic disturbance. SC does not spontaneously resolve and respond to nonsurgical treatment. SC should be differentially diagnosed with other temporomandibular joint disorders such as arthralgia or osteoarthritis because surgery should be done for managing it. However, primary diagnosis of SC is not easy because of nonspecific symptoms and signs. For the patients with unsuccessful conservative treatment response, especially accompanied by crepitus, preauricular swelling or posterior open bite, computed tomography/cone-beam computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging should to be performed to exclude SC. We discussed the importance of the early diagnosis and surgical treatment of SC from this case.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2012

The incidence of condylar fractures is high,but the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle continues to be controversial. Historically, maxillomandibular fixation, external fixation, and surgical splints with internal fixation systems were the techniques commonly used in the treatment of the fractured mandible. Condylar fractures can be extracapsular or intracapsular, undisplaced, deviated, displaced, or dislocated. Treatment depends on the age of the patient, the co-existence of other mandibular or maxillary fractures, whether the condylar fracture is unilateral or bilateral, the level and displacement of the fracture, the state of dentition and dental occlusion, and the surgeonnds on the age of the patient, the co-existence of othefrom which it is difficult to recover aesthetically and functionally;an appropriate treatment is required to reconstruct the shape and achieve the function ofthe uninjured status. To do this, accurate diagnosis, appropriate reduction and rigid fixation, and complication prevention are required. In particular, as mandibular condyle fracture may cause long-term complications such as malocclusion, particularly open bite, reduced posterior facial height, and facial asymmetry in addition to chronic pain and mobility limitation, great caution should be taken. Accordingly, the authors review a general overview of condyle fracture.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.132-135
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• 2002

The osteochondroma, also known as osteocartilaginous exostosis, is one of the most common benign tumors of the axial skeleton. These tumours rarely affect the facial skeleton and a true osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle is a very uncommon entity. The tumors are usually slow growing, and symptoms develop over a long time. The most common presentation of the condylar osteochondroma consists of a changing occlusion, the development of facial asymmetry, and a posterior open bite on the affected side. In this case, we treated an osteochondroma of Lt. mandibular condyle through excision of the lesion via the temporal approach to the temporomandibular joint.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.4 s.43
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• pp.645-660
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• 1993

In this study, effects of incision of retrodiscal tissue and unilateral occlusal reduction on temporomandibular joint of rabbit were investigated. Twenty-seven adult New Zealand White Rabbits, weighing over 3.5kg, were utilized in this study. Temporomandibular joint surgery was performed in left temporomandibular joint of 24 rabbits to displace disc anteriorly through incising the retrodiscal tissue 1-2mm posterior to the disc. They were divided into two groups : twelve were left untreated after surgery, occlusal reduction was performed on left posterior teeth every 2 weeks in the other twelve rabbits, The remaining three served as the control group. The sample were sacrificed by 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery. Histologic examinations were performed after sacrificing them. The results were as follows : 1. Histologic findings which were manifested by flat articular fossa, broad articular surface, generalized recession of articular cartilage and sclerosis of subchondral bone were observed. These findings were similar to internal derangement. 2. In the rabbits untreated after surgery, thin cartilagenous layer and necrotic tissue were observed in 8 weeks group, calcifying cartilagenous layer was observed in 12 weeks group, and cartilagenous layer on anterior portion was observed in 16 weeks group. So, it showed gradual healing pattern into the normal tissue except displaced disc. 3. Occlusal trauma after surgery resulted in generalized recession of upper and lower articular surface. Necrosis and vertical split on condylar process of mandible were observed in 8 weeks group. Osteoclasts, exposure of subchondral bone due to erosion on upper and lower articular surface, and degenerative changes on retrodiscal tissue were observed in 16 weeks group. So, it showed continuous prowess pattern of osteoarthrosis.