• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2012

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown to alter the properties of the bone and impair bone healing around a titanium implant. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which has been known to stimulate the bone healing, improve the osseointegration of the titanium implant in tibia of DM-induced rats. Methods: 16 rats were received streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) for inducing diabetes. A total number of 32 titanium implants were placed bilaterally into both tibiae of these rats. The right tibia of each rat received LIPUS application (10 min/day) during 7 days post-operation, while the left side received no treatment. The study was carried on for six weeks and the rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weaks postoperatively (4 rats for each week) for histomorphometric and histologic analysis. Bone-implant contact and bone area were measured. Comparisons between the groups were made using statistical analysis on histomorphometric analysis. Results: The histomorphometry parameters showed that the bone-implant contact and the bone area values have decreased in the late osseointegration periods (4, 6 weeks) compared to the early osseointegration periods (1, 2 weeks) in both two groups. The bone-implant contact values of the LIPUS group were somewhat higher than those of controls at 1, 2 weeks, but the difference was not statistically significant. The bone area values of the LIPUS group were also higher than those of controls at 1, 2 weeks, but the difference was not statistically significant as well. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that LIPUS may have positive effects on early osseointegration but could not improve the long term stability of dental implants.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.312-327
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• 2017

Purpose: This study assessed marginal bone remodeling and soft tissue esthetics after the loading of single bone-level implants in the anterior maxilla. Methods: An open, single-arm observational clinical trial with 3 years of follow-up was performed, including 22 implants. The patients presented with a single tooth gap in the anterior maxilla (tooth positions 14-24), with natural or restored adjacent teeth. An implant was placed at least 8 weeks post-extraction and healed submerged for 6 weeks. After the second-stage operation, a fixed provisional prosthesis was provided. The final restoration was placed 6 months after the provisional restoration. The time of the provisional crown connection was considered to be the baseline in this study. Esthetic parameters and the marginal bone level were assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Results: All implants were well integrated in the bone. A statistically significant increase was found in the mean implant stability quotient between the time of the provisional prosthesis and the time of the final prosthesis. Most implants (95.5%) revealed marginal bone resorption (<0.5 mm), and just 1 implant (4.5%) showed a change of 2.12 mm from baseline to 36 months (mean $0.07{\pm}0.48mm$), while the crestal bone level decreased significantly, from $2.34{\pm}0.93mm$ at baseline to $1.70{\pm}1.10mm$ at 36 months. The facial gingival margin and papilla were stable and the esthetic scores indicated high patient and dentist satisfaction. Conclusions: Platform-switching bone-level implants placed in maxillary single-tooth gaps resulted in successful osseointegration with minimal marginal bone resorption. The peri-implant soft tissue was also esthetically satisfying and stable.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.169-197
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• 2018

The research aims to analyze current university information disclosure services in the perspectives of both university records management and services and to recommend ways to improve the current university information disclosure systems and services. The research collects and analyzes various raw data such as laws, guidelines, and manuals of university information disclosure services and the portal site of 'Higher Education in Korea' also known as 'dae-hak-al-ri-mi', and data on each homepage of 40 cooperative universities selected as the research sample. At the result, the research found some limits in the current operation of university information disclosure services: first, the information posted on the university disclosure information system is mostly focused on administrative information rather than information related to research or education within universities. Second, there are the high rate of error and frequent modification in the information posted on the disclosure information system. Third, the menus on both the information disclosure system and homepages of each cooperative university are useless or contents of the menus are empty. The research suggests some solutions to improve these problems: it is required to make up the current legal systems for university information disclosure services and to cooperate all organizations and universities related to university information disclosure services within the united system and rule. Also, it is crucial to attach the metadata of the disclosed information when to post the information to the university disclosure information systems. Finally, it is necessary for each university to employ archivists not only to develop qualified university records to maintain the unique roles and value of universities but also to disclose reliable and authentic information to users and manage the university information disclosure systems effectively and efficiently.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 1999

Ethanol catabolism is thought to produce metabolic disorders resulting in alcoholic liver disease. To investigate the mutual effects of ethanol catabolism and cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation on the activities of carboxylesterase, we have determined the enzyme activities in rat hepatic (cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal) preparations as well as in rat serum using ten animal models: normal rats (group 1), sham-operated rats (group 2), common bile duct-ligated rats (group 3), ethanol-intoxicated rats (group 4), sham-operation plus chronic ethanol-intoxicated rats (group 5), common bile duct-ligated plus chronic ethanol-intoxicated rats at 1.5h and 24h (groups 7A and 7B), and duct-ligated and acute ethanol intoxicated rats at 1.5 h and 24 h (groups 8A and 8B). The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of carboxylesterase from these hepatic preparations of cholestatic rat liver combined with chronic ethanol intoxication were also measured by using ethyl valerate as the substrate from the 14th day post-ligation. Carboxylesterase activities of all hepatic preparations and rat serum (group 3) showed significant decreases compared to the activities from the sham-operated control (group 2). Enzyme kinetic parameters indicated that $V_{max}$ of carboxylesterase from all the hepatic preparations in cholestatic rats (group 3) decreased significantly, although the $K_m$ values were about the same as in the sham-operated control (group 2). When cholestasis was combined with chronic ethanol intoxication (group 6), carboxylesterase activities showed further decrease in all the hepatic preparations and serum compared to the control activity (group 5). The $V_{max}$ also decreased significantly, although $K_m$ values did not change. When common bile duct ligation was combined with acute ethanol intoxication (group 8), the enzyme activities in the rat liver and serum showed significant decrease compared to the activity from acute ethanol-intoxicated rats (group 7). However, quite contrary to this, the activities of serum from acute ethanol intoxication 1.5 h (group 7A) increased significantly compared to the activities in the normal control (group 1). These results, therefore, suggest that the biosynthesis of hepatic carboxyl-esterase seems to decrease when cholestasis is combined with chronic and acute ethanol intoxication, and the decrease in activity is more significant than from cholestasis alone.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.277-291
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the dental hygienists' overall performance in operative restoration and the clinical performance in operative restoration according to dental hygienists' career and to provide basic data for establishing the appropriate range of dental hygienists' work. Subjects of this study are 339 dental hygienists working at dental clinic and hospital nationwide, selected by their working place, career, type of clinic, and location of clinical institution. The distribution of people who responded to the survey shows that 81 belong to beginner level(less than 2 years since entering clinic), 115 intermediate level(2 to 3 years since entering clinic), 81 higher level(4 to 5 years since entering clinic) and 62 advanced level(more than 6 years since their entering clinic). In terms of the types of clinical institution, 178 belong to dental clinics and 161 belong to dental hospitals. The survey used in this study are focused on perception about clinical performance in operative dentistry and adequacy of the work. Operative dentistry consists of operative restoration and endodontic therapy. The operative restoration consists of 15 categories such as patient welcoming, examination and diagnosis, planning of treatment, anesthesia, control of moisture, cavity preparation, pulp protection, matrix band application, amalgam filling, resin filling, glass ionomer cement filling, abrasive strip removal, rubber dam removal, bite check and polishing, patient education, and arrangement. The reliability was Cronbach's Alpha .9453. SPSS 10.0 for Windows was used to analyze the responses. One way ANOVA was utilized to verify the differences in the dental hygienists' job performance in operative restoration and their job performance according to career. When significant difference was found. Duncan multi comparison post hoc was done. To sum up the results of this study, patient welcoming look the first place in the operative restoration. It was followed by patient education, examination and diagnosis, introducing treatment plan, resin filling, glass ionomer cement filling, amalgam filling, bite check and polishing, anesthesia, pulp protection, control of moisture, abrasive strip removal, cavity preparation, matrix band application, rubber dam removal, and anesthesia. In terms of the clinical performance by career, there were significant differences in 19 activities such as medical eraluation, oral examination, patient charting, intra oral readio graphs, firm developing fixing mounting, curing light gun, education of attention content after operation. Based on the results of this study, the specific range of operative restoration for dental hygienists should be focused on providing basic data for dentists' diagnosis, alleviation of fear and aching accompanied by injection and anesthesia, data providing for dentists' decision of anesthesia degree, and maximization of control of moisture.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study to investigate the effect of TENS and electroacupuncture (EA) on injured muscle recovery and to compare the difference between TENS and EA. Methods: 18 S-D rats were produced surgically for crush injury on Extensor digitorum. TENS and EA stimulation were applied on acu-point that Zusanli (ST36) and Taijun (Liv3) of each hindlimb as approximitely 2Hz for 15 minutes. The rats were sacrificed on 1, 3, 7 post operation day, and the spinal level was immunohistochmical stainied. Results: The expression of NT-3 on the spinal level related with injured muscle between Ex-1 group and Ex-2, there is no significant difference. But between Con and Ex-1/Ex-2, there was little difference. In the same indivudual, we confirmed more NT-3 expression on the same side of injured muscle than on another side of gray matter in posterior horn. Conclusion: There is no difference, which is more effective to recover of injured muscle, between EA and TENS on injured muscle.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 1976

Alterations in the serum magnesium level were studied in twenty patients who had open-heart surgery during the period from August 1974 to May 1975. The patients were chosen at random. The operative procedures included repair for congenital heart diseases in fifteen patients and cardiac valve replacement for acquired valvular heart diseases in five patients. The age ranged from 8 to 46 years, with an average of 19 years. None of the patients had a history of gross neuromuscular abnormalities. Cardiopulmonary bypass was carried out using a roller pump and a disposable oxygenator. The prime solution consisted of 2 units of ACD banked blood and approximately an equal volume of non-blood additives in adults, while a relatively smaller volume was added in children. The average flow rate was 2,733 ml per minute. Blood samples for magnesium and arterial blood pH were obtained the day after admission 25 minutes after initiation of the bypass and on the morning the day after operation. Preoperative data were then compared with those obtained during the bypass and postoperatively by a paired test. During the bypass, the serum magnesium level decreased significantly from $1.425{\pm}0.029$ to $1.210{\pm}0.063mEq.$ liter (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant decrease in serum magnesium from $1.425{\pm}0.029$ preoperatively to $1.255{\pm}0.083mEq$. per liter (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant decrease in serum magnesium from $1.425{\pm}0.029$ preoperatively to $1.255{\pm}0.083mEq$. per liter postoperatively (p<0.01). The duration of bypass was less than 90 minutes in 10 patients (group A) and exceeded 90 minutes in the remaining 10 (group B). There was no statistical correlation between the groups A and B ($p{\gg}0.20$). Statistical analyses of the serum magnesium level and arterial blood pH showed no significant correlation with correlation coefficient; being -0.3485(pre-op), -0.2971(during bypass), and -0.1008(post-op), respectively. In all the patients, no gross neuromuscular abnormalities were found postoperatively. At present, the clinical significance of the serum magnesium level during and after bypass is controversial. In the near future, however, it is expected that improvements in prime solution and heart-lung machine will solve this problem.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.283-292
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• 1985

A sanitary quality of a university foodservice establishment was assessed in terms of time and temperature, pH and Aw, and microbiological evaluation. Critical control points during various phases in product flow of fried fish cake soup were identified using hazard analysis concept. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Time and temperature data indicated that phases of holding ingredients at room temperature after cooking, and hot - holding of soup before assembly were critical. 2) pH and Aw values were in favorable for microbial growth. 3) Microbiological data indicated that microbial quality of ingredients was in poor condition. A holding practice of cooked ingredients at room temperature might provide the chance for microbial contamination and multiplication. Hot - holding time and temperature of soup should be strictly controlled to assure the food safety, since the microbial quality of serving food can be directly influenced by the hot - holding temperature of soup. 4) Microbiological test results for food containers, equipments, working surfaces, and supplies indicated that sanitary conditions of earthenware, gloves, wiping cloths and cutting board should be improved promptly. 5) Critical control points identified were : ingredients, pre - preparation, post - preparation, and holding before assembly and service. 6) Guidelines for the effective quality control program for this operation were suggested.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.897-904
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• 1996

A preoperative prediction of postoperative pulmonary function after the pulmonary resection should be made to prevent serious complications and postoperative mortality. There are several methods to predict postoperative lung function but the 99m7c-MAA perfusion lung scan is known as simple, inexpensive and easily tolerated method for patients. We studied the accuracy of the perfusion lung scan in predicting postoperative lung function on 34 patients who received either the resection of one lobe(17 patients) or 2 lobes(2 patients) or pneumonictomy(15 patients). We performed pulmonary function test and lung scan immediately before the operation and calculated the postoperative lung function by substracting the regional lung function which will be rejected. We compared this predictive value to the observed pulmonary function which was done 20 days after the surgery. We also compared the data achieved from 12 patients ho received open thoracotomy due to intrathoracic disease that are not confined in the lung. The correlation coefficient between the predicted value and observed value of FEVI .0 was 0.423, FVC was 0.557 in the pneumonectomy group and FEVI . 0 was 0.693, FVC was 0.591 in the lobectomy group. The correlation coefnclent between the'postoperative value and preoperative value of FEVI .0 was 0.528, FVC was 0.502 in the resectional group and FEVI .0 was 0.871, FVC was 0.896 in the comparatives. We concluded that the perfusion lung scan is accllrate in predicting post-resectional pulmonary function.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.390-398
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• 2005

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar dimensional changes following surgically-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). Patients & methods: Thirteen adults who had been treated by SARME for transverse maxillary deficiency from May 2000 to December 2003 were evaluated. The SARME procedure was the subtotal Le Fort I osteotomy combined with pterygomaxillary separation and anterior midpalatal osteotomy. Dental study casts and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs were taken before operation, after removal of expansion device, and follow up period. Nasal cavity width, skeletal and dentoalveolar parameters were measured pre- and post-operatively. Results: 1. Mean nasal cavity width was increased 12%$(0{\sim}21%)$ of total expansion after retention. 2. Mean maxillary interdental width was increased 70%$(47{\sim}99%)$, 95%$(84{\sim}115%)$, and 77%$(57{\sim}94%)$ of total expansion in the canine, the first premolar, and the first molar region, respectively after retention. 3. Mean maxillary alveolar bone width was increased 66%$(42{\sim}84%)$, 74%$(42{\sim}94%)$, and 57%$(31{\sim}78%)$ of total expansion in the canine, the first premolar, and the first molar region, respectively after retention. 4. Mean palatal vault depth was decreased 1.3 mm ($0.5{\sim}2.0$ mm) after retention. 5. Mean interdental and alveolar bone width of the mandibular canine and intermolar width of mandible were slight increased as maxilla was expanded after retention. 6. There were statistical differences between preoperative and postoperative values of nasal cavity, all maxillary interdental and interalveolar widths, palatal vault depth, mandibular interdental and interalveolar width of canine(paired t-test, p<0.05). 7. The maxillary interdental and alveolar bone width were decreased approximately 25% of total expansion by relapse at follow up period. Conclusion: In conclusion, most amounts of maxillary interdental expansions were acquired with the expansion of the maxilla by SARME. For preventing the relapse, approximately 25% of the overexpansion was needed.