• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2024

Hemitripterus villosus, a promising aquaculture fish species, is facing declining stocks. This study aims to provide normative standards for skeletal development to address persistent skeletal deformities in farmed fish. Specimens utilized in the study underwent artificial insemination with captured fish, and the resulting larvae and fry were preserved in a formalin solution. The skeletal ossification process commenced immediately after hatching, affecting the parasphenoid, premaxillary, maxillary, and dentary structures at an average total length of 13.65±0.71 mm (n=5). By sixty-five days post-hatching, ossification extended to the ethmoid and supraorbital, completing the head's development at an average total length of 21.24±0.50 mm (n=5). Clavicle ossification occurred at seven days post-hatching, corresponding to an average total length of 14.61±0.52 mm (n=5). At forty-four days post-hatching, the ossification of 4 actinosts took place, completing the shoulder girdle, with an average total length of 18.15±0.61 mm (n=5). Vertebral ossification initiated at ten days post-hatching, with an average total length of 14.80±0.65 mm (n=5). By fifty-four days post-hatching, 39 vertebral columns were ossified, reaching an average total length of 18.67±0.54 mm (n=5). Vertebral development was complete at sixty days post-hatching, with an average total length of 20.25±0.45 mm (n=5). This study sheds light on the skeletal development of H. villosus, providing valuable standards and fundamental data for understanding skeletal deformities in this species.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2010

Reptiles were known to serve as paratenic hosts for Centrorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae) in Korea, but the infection course in experimental animals was not elucidated yet. In this study, the tiger keelback snakes (Rhabdophis tigrinus) were collected and digested with artificial pepsin solution, and the larvae of Centrorhynchus were recovered from them. Then, the collected larvae were orally infected to rats for developmental observations. In rats, all the larvae were observed outside the intestine on day 3 post-infection (PI), including the mesentery and abdominal muscles. As for the development in rats, the ovary of Centrorhynchus sp. was observed at day 15 PI, and the cement glands were 3 in number. Based on the morphological characteristics, including the arrangement of proboscis hooks, these larvae proved to be a species of Centrorhynchus, and more studies were needed for species identification.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.801-806
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• 2013

Spiny lebbeid shrimp Lebbeus groenlandicus larvae were reared in the laboratory to estimate the energy budget from the zoeal to the post-larval stage. Energy expended by larvae on growth and respiration was determined from values for feeding, growth, molting, and metabolism. We calculated that 16.22 J were used for growth throughout all larval stages. Energy loss during molting was estimated as 1.03 J, and energy used for respiration was estimated as 1.31 J. Energy taken in by feeding was estimated as 77.16 J, while the sum of energies expended in excretion and egestion was 58.61 J. Larvae were estimated to assimilate 24.6% of ingested food as energy and to use ~85% of the assimilated energy for somatic growth. Gross growth efficiency ($K_1$) and net growth efficiency ($K_2$) were shown to be ~22% and 93%, respectively. Maintenance costs of respiration were estimated as ~9.7% of assimilated energy.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.807-812
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• 2013

The energy budget of the larvae of pandalid shrimp, Pandalopsis japonica, reared in the laboratory from zoea to post-larva was investigated. Energy used during the growth of the shrimp larvae was calculated daily for feeding, growth, molting, and metabolism. The total energy used was 16.2 J for the entire larval stage. Molting energy loss was estimated at a total 1.03 J. Energy used for respiration was estimated at a total of 1.85 J. The intake energy by feeding reached a total of 77.69 J. The total sum of energies used by excretion and egestion was 58.61 J. Larvae assimilated 24.57% of ingested food and used 84.91% for somatic growth. The gross growth efficiency ($K_1$) was 22.19% for the entire larval stage, and the net growth efficiency ($K_2$) was 90.31%. Maintenance costs were estimated at 9.69% of assimilated energy for the entire larval stage.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2015

The functional utility of a transgenic marine medaka Oryzias dancena strain carrying the red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene driven by an endogenous choriogenin H (chgH) promoter was evaluated for its ability to detect waterborne $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen derivative. The chgH:rfp transgenic marine medaka larvae showed an age-dependent tendency in the efficiency of EE2-mediated transgene expression, in which transgenic larvae older than 6 days post-hatching displayed a more effective response in their transgene expression to EE2 than did younger hatchlings. During experimental exposures to high concentrations of EE2 (200 to 1,000 ng/L), the transgenic responses in the hatchlings were broadly dose- and duration-dependent. With exposures using lower doses of EE2 (25, 50 and 100 ng/L), EE2-induced transgenic RFP was also observed in the transgenic larvae, although the lower doses required exposure of longer duration. Under the EE2 exposure and microscope assay conditions used in our study, transgenic marine medaka larvae exhibited a similar degree of EE2-mediated RFP phenotype expression at various salinity levels (0, 15 and 30 ppt).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.597-599
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• 2000

This study was performed to find out the cryoprotectants for cryopreservation of trochophores and early D-shaped larvae of surf clam, Spisula sachalinensis. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol and methanol were used as cryoprotectant Each cryoprotectant was made to 1.0 M, 2.0 M, 3.0 M with dilution of 0.2 M fructose and 0.2 M sucrose. The trochophoers and early D-shaped larvae were immersed in each preparation for 10 minutes to reach equilibration and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Survival rates of post-thawed trochophores and early D-shaped larvae in 2.0 M DMSO with 0.2 M sucrose were the highest as $91.4{\%}\;and\;78.9{\%}$, respectively.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 2014

Newly hatched black porgy larvae (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) swam to the surface, with the mouth and anus still closed and were 1.90-2.11 mm (mean, 2.0 mm) in total length (TL). The larvae were 2.71-2.94 mm TL (mean, 2.82 mm) on day 2 after hatching. At this time, about two-thirds of the yolk was absorbed, the bladder and intestines had formed, and the mouth and anus were open. Total length was 4.32-4.66 mm (mean, 4.45 mm) at the post-larval stage on days 5-6 after hatching, and the yolk and oil globule were almost absorbed. The end of the notochord began to flex, and 6-8 caudal fin rays were visible. The larvae were 15.37-16.1 mm TL (mean, 15.83 mm) at the juvenile stage on days 30-32 after hatching, and the number of rays in all fins was completely revealed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 1989

Mass production of Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SINPV) was carried out on massively reared host insects. The yield of SINPV was maximal with $6.7{\;}\times{\;}10^9$ PIBs per larva on the 8th day post inoculation, when 5th instar larvae were inoculated with $1.1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^7$ PIBs per ml, and 2 g of artificial diet was sufficient for food consumption of a larva. The moribund larvae were more suitable for handling and mass production of virus than the completely dead larvae. The larvae, when treated with methoprene ($Manta^{\circledR}$), prolonged their larval period and consequently became bigger to result in higher yield(about 15%) of virus.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2_spc
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• pp.356-363
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• 2022

This paper is a review of some experiments using black soldier fly (BSF) and its by-product to explore their nutritional value, production potential in Indonesia and its application in the ration of ruminants. Evaluation on the effect of milk replacer, creep feed containing BSF, BSF frass and the possibility to use lactic acid bacteria from BSF as probiotics are presented. Utilization of BSF larvae in milk replacer as skim and cream milk substitute showed that there were similarity on physiological, hematological status and performance of goat kids compared to those offered goat milk or commercial milk replacer. In addition, BSF larvae can be used to substitute soybean meal in the creep feed for post weaning goat kids without any differences in weight gain and blood profiles. However, utilization of BSF frass in the fattening goat ration resulted lower digestibility of dry matter and organic matter due to the chitin content in the frass. Black soldier fly larvae grown on chicken manure harbour lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have potential as probiotics for ruminants. In general, BSF larvae has potential as ingredient for milk replacer, creep feed, fattening ration, and source of LAB for probiotics.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2015

Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a commercial silk producing forest insect of India, but it has never been experimented in Uttarakhand state in spite of the huge availability of its forestry host plants. This is the first study on A. mylitta in Uttarakhand. The goal of this study is to introduce forest based commercial rearing of A. mylitta, in tropical forest areas of Uttarakhand to reduce poverty among forest dependent people. In current study, we assessed the effect of seven forest tree species, rearing seasons, and their interactions on cocoon productivity of Daba (bivoltine) ecorace of A. mylitta in the New Forest of FRI, Dehra Dun during 2012 and 2013 and collected the data that was analysed by two-way completely randomized block factorial design. Post HOC Tukey's HSD test was carried out to compare the homogeneous pairs of means. We also carried out Evaluation Index analysis to rank the tested forestry host plants for better growth and development of A. mylitta under the climatic condition of Uttarakhand. Analysis of variance indicated that cocoon yield of A. mylitta differed significantly between rearing seasons (DF=1, F=88.24, p<0.05) and host plants (DF 6, F= 368.63, p<0.05); however, their interactions were found insignificant (DF=6, F=0.99, p>0.05). In first rearing season of July-August, there was higher cocoon yield than the second season of September-November. Results indicated that Terminalia alata fed larvae showed significantly higher cocoon yield (164.11 cocoons/300 larvae); followed by, T. tomentosa (148.89 cocoons), T. arjuna (140.00 cocoons) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (129.47 cocoons) fed larvae. Whereas, Lagerstroemia tomentosa fed larvae that was used by the first time in India, showed lowest cocoon yield (48.81 cocoons), followed by T. chebula (72.53 cocoons) fed larvae. Cocoon yield of T. tomentosa and T. arjuna fed larvae of A. mylitta did not differ significantly with each other.