• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.341-355
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• 2022

This research was to examine the differences in post-harvest quality of melons depending on the harvest time after fruit setting. Musk melon cultivar 'K3' plants were grown in glass house conditions with a hydroponic system, and the fruits were harvested at 50, 60, and 70 days after fruit setting. The post-harvest characteristics of melons stored at 7℃ were measured over 32 days. The harvested fruits at 50, 60, 70 days after fruit setting did not differ significantly in weight, height, or size. Solid sugar content was highest in the fruits harvested at 70 days after fruit setting, but firmness, L* value, and respiration rate were highest in the fruits harvested at 50 days after fruit setting. When the harvested melons were stored at 7℃, 'K3' melons responded differently according to the harvest days after fruit setting. The major changes during storage of 'K3' melons can be summarized as follows: Firmness, respiration, moisture content, and general appearance index during storage were highest in the melons harvested at 50 days after fruit setting, but soluble solid content, fresh weight loss, and sensory evaluation were high in the melons harvested at 60 and 70 days after one. During storage at 7℃, there were no significant differences in the appearance of 'K3' melons harvested at different periods after fruit setting, but difference in soluble solid content and taste were noted. It is recommended that the fruit of 'K3' melon plants be harvested about 60 days after fruiting to provide consumers with the highest quality for taste and for storage.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1993년도 학술대회지
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• pp.155-163
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• 1993

An American ginseng(Panax quillquefolium L) industry has emerged in British Columbia, Canada over the past ten years. Interest has grown very rapidly and with this development, attention is now moving away from field production issues and emphasis is being directed to enhancements in ginseng storage, drying and processing. There is a dearth of knowledge on these aspects even though they are crucial to international competitiveness. Enhancement dicatates the application of a systems approach to optimizing the harvest and post - harvest production system(crop digging, pre - washing cold storage. washing, drying and post - drying storage). Research in British Columbia to date has focussed on drying and storage issues and has resulted in the design of an enhanced commercial drying system. The role of dryer management, loading rates, airflow rates and pre - drying cold storage on American ginseng root drying rates and root quality were examined. From the dryer management experiments, there are distinct advantages to size sorting root to yield optimum drying rates. If unsorted root is used, efficiency is increased if the trays are systematically rotated. Loading rate experiments illustrate that increasing rates above those currently used in commercial dryers are possible without any sacrifice in quality. This has significant implications for commercial drying. Pre - drying cold storage is a most significant tool for managing drying operations. Over a period of six weeks, no discernable decrease in quality was found as a consequence of cold storage. Further, the moisture loss and the associated root surface changes(loss of surface soil in storage for example) provide new challenges for root quality management. Continued research and technological innovation will be crucial in addressing the demanding challenges of the future.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.623-634
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• 2018

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the pre- and post-harvest variable factors on the processed product of kimchi cabbage. Two kimchi cabbage cultivars, namely 'Chungwang' and 'Dongpung,' were grown in a field and under a plastic greenhouse condition and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ after harvesting with and without low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film packaging. Growths were determined after harvesting while salting characteristics were determined after the processing and storage. The results show that the height, weight and leaf thickness were higher in kimchi cabbages grown in the greenhouse than those grown in the field. The plastic house culture increased the kimchi cabbage growth of the head weight, head height and leaf thickness compared with that of the open field culture. However, the osmolality and firmness were higher in the outdoor cultivated kimchi cabbages. Kimchi cabbage packed in film covered sacks and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ showed lower weight loss than unpacked cabbages during storage. Salt concentration and pH were also affected by the different pre- and post-harvest factors after salting the kimchi cabbages. Salt concentrations of the kimchi cabbage were influenced by various factors such as the cultivars, cultivation methods and storage covering. Though the present findings showed a limited difference in salt concentration and pH between the cultivars of kimchi cabbages, this study suggests that there is a relationship between processed agricultural products and their pre- and post-harvest methods.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1996

Inorder to minimize the daily intake amount of nitrate by chinese cabbage, the favorate vegetable for Korean, the influences of storage conditions at different temperature and light or dark treatments after post-harvest and effects of cooking temperature and infrared rays on changes of nitrate contents in edible parts of chinese cabbage were determined. The nitrate contents on midrib and leaf blade in chinese cabbage during post-harvest were decreased steeply in 2 days and decreased slowly again in 5 days. The temperature treatment to decrease the nitrate contents in midrib and leaf blade of chinese cabbage were effective as the following of $25^{\circ}C$> $15^{\circ}C$ > $-4^{\circ}C$ > $-10^{\circ}C$. The nitrate contents of midrib and leaf blade were decreased in the timecourse of post-harvest. It is more effective to store in $4^{\circ}C$ than in $15^{\circ}C$, and is more effective in transparent vinyl package than in black vinyl package, but the treatment of light is more effective than the treatment of temperature. The nitrate contents of midrib decreased rapidly by 17.9% in the treatment of 5 days at$ 15^{\circ}C$. By treatment of $80^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$ water, the nitrate contents of midrib were increased slightly, but decreased in leaf blade. It reached 68.5%, 50.6%, 45.9% in the leaf blade respectively by treatment of 80%, 90%, 100% water at 1 min. By infrared rays treatment, the nitrate contents of midrib did not change in 3 min but increased rapidly after 6 min, and in the leaf blade it increased continually after 1 min.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2016

Purpose: Mee (Madhuca longifolia) is an economically important tree growing throughout Sri Lanka. Its importance is mainly attributed to its oil with high nutritional and medicinal values. However, an inefficient extraction method limits its use. This study revealed the possibility of extracting oil from mee seeds by using a screw-type oil expeller. Methods: A popular screw-type oil expeller was used in the experiment. Extract bar clearance and speeds of the main spiral shaft were altered to increase the oil expelling efficiency of the machine. The quality of refined oil at the optimum oil yield was determined by measuring the refractive index, saponification value, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter, free fatty acid, and specific gravity. Results: An optimum yield of 35% oil was obtained when the machine capacity was 30 kg/h and energy consumption was 0.13 kWh/kg. This optimum machine condition was observed at an extract bar clearance of 0.5 mm and a main spiral shaft speed of 90 rpm. The refractive index, saponification value, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter, free fatty acid, and specific gravity of the oil were 1.4, 203, 59, 3.5%, 0.2%, and 0.907 g/cm3 respectively. Color of the mee oil was closer to yellow, which is revealed by the lightness value (L) of 24.93 and positive value (b) of 11.81. Conclusion: The screw-type oil expeller can be used for economically extracting mee oil on a commercial scale.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1621-1621
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• 2001

The quality of sugarcane grown on the NE Australian tropical coast ($16^{\circ}$15'- $18^{\circ}$15' S Lat.) has declined markedly in the past seven years. This has been linked to dilution of mill-supply cane with increasing levels of non mature-stalk material consisting of leaves and sucker culms. The prime research objective was to examine the transition from the pre-harvest, in-field crop to harvested material sent for processing, in terms of quality and crop fraction proportions. A secondary objective was to quantify the effects of preharvest-season crop habit and culm condition on crop quality. Ten quadrat samples from each of 54 random crop sites (17 in 1999 and 37 in 2000), covering a wide range of variables (cultivar, crop class, and edaphic, topographic, climatic, and temporal factors) were collected immediately before harvest. Samples were partitioned into four fractions:- sound and unsound mature stalks (culms), sucker culms, and extraneous matter (leaves). Material harvested from each site was sampled and partitioned into four fractions:- sound and unsound billets (culm pieces), culm-spindle pieces, and leaf. In 2000, before harvest, 14 additional sites were sampled monthly, on three occasions, from March - June. Erect and non-erect culms were divided into sound and unsound classes. All samples were disintegrated and presented to a remote reflectance module of a scanning spectrophotometer using the BSES large cassette module. Near infra-red spectroscopic (NIS) analyses were developed for the rapid determination of quality components (Brix, commercial cane sugar (CCS), fibre, moisture, and polariscope reading). Calibrations for three material groups (culm (n = 639), non-culm (n = 496), and combined) were developed for all components using the 1999 data set. Two sub-sets (n = 178, and 190) of about 10% of the preharvest-season and harvest populations scanned in 2000 also were subjected to full routine laboratory analyses. The 1999 combined calibrations were excellent, but the culm calibrations produced consistently lower standard errors. Non-culm calibrations were marginally better than the combined for only CCS and pol. reading. Analysis of the 2000 culm data with calibrations using all 1999 and 2000 culm data resulted in better predictions relative to the 1999 culm calibrations. This also was true for the combined calibrations. Assessment of quality components in pre- and post-harvest sugarcane using NIS calibrations was more cost effective than using routine laboratory techniques. Outcomes from this NIS-facilitated research will have important economic consequences for the Australian sugarcane industry. Potential CCS present in mature culms is being discounted by dilution with leaves and sucker culms, threatening farm viability. The results question the efficacy of current harvesting technology. The CCS of harvested cane is improved only marginally over that of the in-field crop. Current harvesting technology requires either supplementary, innovative pre-mill processing or a design revolution to improve mill-supply cane quality, and therefore whole of industry economics. NIS-facilitated analyses, before the harvest season, highlighted the benefits of growing erect, sound crops. Loss of CCS then, can be minimized only by a combination of crop improvement and agronomic solutions, applied as part of sound on-farm management.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1994년도 SIEMSTA94 농업과학 기계기술 심포지엄
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• pp.181-191
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• 1994

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.1839-1846
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 보리의 품종 및 도정률이 막걸리 품질 특성에 미치는 영향과 대조구인 기존 쌀 막걸리와 보리 막걸리의 차이를 살펴보고자 하였다. 건조주박량은 새쌀보리 그룹인 Ss-4, Ss-12, Ss-18이 92.3 g, 69.4 g, 63.8 g을 나타냈고, 흰찰쌀보리 그룹인 Hcs-6, Hcs-14, Hcs-20은 62.3 g, 42.2 g, 32.2 g을 나타내 도정률과 품종 간 유의적인 감소를 나타냈으며(P<0.05), 주박함수율은 도정률 증가에 비례하였다. 한편 Ss-8, Sdj-8의 주박량은 19.0 g, 7.7 g으로 쌀과 보리 원료에 따른 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 원료 도정률 증가에 따라 탄수화물은 증가, 그 외 성분은 감소하였고, 그중 회분은 막걸리에 직접적 영향을 주었을 것으로 생각된다. pH, 총산 함량, 아미노산도는 도정률 증가에 따라 감소하였는데, 이는 도정 정도를 달리하는 원료 특성에 따라 생성되는 유기산과 함유된 영양성분의 차이에 기인할 것으로 보인다. 보리 도정률에 따른 막걸리의 가용성 고형분 함량과 알코올 함량은 도정률에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았으나 품종 간 차이를 보였고 보리 막걸리는 $10.7{\sim}11.8^{\circ}Brix$, 14.07~15.07%로 쌀 막걸리 $12.0{\sim}12.2^{\circ}Brix$, 17.27~17.77%와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 도정에 따른 원료곡의 색 차이는 막걸리의 색도에도 영향을 주어 도정률 증가에 따라 L값과 b값이 증가하였다. 발효와 관련한 유산균수는 Ss-4, Ss-12, Ss-18이 7.21, 6.99, 6.67 log CFU/mL였고, Hcs-6, Hcs-14, Hcs-20은 6.14, 5.39, 5.65 log CFU/mL로 도정률 증가에 따른 유의적 감소를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 이러한 결과는 효모에서도 같은 경향을 보였고, 특히 막걸리의 주요 품질로 현탁안정성이 도정률에 따른 차이를 보여 도정률 조정으로 현탁안정성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluates a new banana bulk packaging method under the real transport conditions of Sri Lanka. Methods: A field evaluation of optimized 8-mm thick Styrofoam sheets used as the cushioning material was applied. A trial transport was conducted from Thambuttegama to Colombo using a medium-sized open truck, with banana leaves as the control material. Data were recorded at the farmer, transporter, retailer, and consumer stages of the supply chain. Mechanical damage, physiological loss in weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, ripeness index, visual quality ratings, and the physical damage index of the bananas were measured at each stage. A cost-benefit analysis was also conducted for both packaging methods. Results: The 8-mm styrofoam sheets significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the mechanical damage from 26.3% to 12.9% compared to the conventional method for long-distance transport, and the physiological loss in weight showed a decrease of 2.88%. The loss of firmness of the fruits followed a simmilar pattern for both methods until reaching the retailer, but at the consumer was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the control. However, the physical damage index at the retail stage for the control showed symptoms of physical injury, whereas the bananas transported using the cushioning materials exhibited only minor symptoms. Further, the visual quality of the fruits after transport from the farmer to the consumer was preserved, which is one of the main factors affecting consumer preference and retail price. The proposed method increases the profit margin by 51.2% for Embul bananas owing to the reduced postharvest losses. Conclusion: The 8-mm thick Styrofoam sheets reduced the physical damage to the bananas, with the quality parameters maintained at the prefered level. Moreover, profits may be increased.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.565-572
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 보리와 밀 혼합막걸리의 품질특성으로 이화학적 특성, 색도, 환원당, 유기산, 효모수, 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 보리는 흰찰쌀보리를 이용하였고, 금강밀, 백중밀, 조경밀을 1:1로 혼합하고 수입밀과 쌀을 대조구로 하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 발효 후 착즙한 술덧을 시료로 하였다. 이화학적 특성으로 pH, 총산, 당도 및 알코올 함량을 측정한 결과, pH는 4.04~4.12로 밀 품종에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었고, 총산은 0.94~1.06%로 나타났다(p<0.05). 당도는 밀 혼합막걸리가 $12.67{\sim}13.44^{\circ}Brix$ 수준으로 쌀 혼합 막걸리 $11.76^{\circ}Brix$에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 알코올 함량은 15.13~16.53%의 범위로 나타났다. 밀 품종간 색도 L값의 유의적인 차이는 없었고, a값은 0.26~0.60 범위를 보였으며, b값은 밀 혼합막걸리가 쌀 혼합막걸리 보다 유의적으로 높아 좀 더 황색에 가까웠다(p<0.05). 환원당은 5.65~7.85 mg/mL의 범위로 나타났으며, 유기산은 금강 밀 혼합막걸리에서 lactic acid를 제외한 citric acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid가 가장 높게 검출되었다. 효모수는 밀이 혼합된 막걸리가 7.17~7.46 logCFU/g으로 쌀이 혼합된 막걸리 6.06 logCFU/g 보다 더 높았다. 관능적 특성에서 우리밀과 수입밀 간의 유의적은 차이는 없었으나, 맛은 백중밀이 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과로 보리 막걸리 제조 시 황색도, 효모수, 맛 등에서 높은 수준을 보였던 우리밀이 보리 막걸리 제조 시 혼합 곡물로 더 적합하였다. 따라서 밀 원료를 수입밀에서 금강밀이나 백중밀로 대체 시 일부 품질 증대와 함께 원료국산화에 따른 막걸리 프리미엄화 전제조건을 충족시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.