• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.281-298
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• 2024

Stainless steel bolts (SSB) are increasingly utilized in bolted steel connections due to their good mechanical performance and excellent corrosion resistance. Fire accidents, which commonly occur in engineering scenarios, pose a significant threat to the safety of steel frames. The post-fire behavior of SSB has a significant influence on the structural integrity of steel frames, and neglecting the effect of temperature can lead to serious accidents in engineering. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the performance of SSB at elevated temperatures and their residual strength after a fire incident. To investigate the mechanical behavior of SSB after fire, 114 bolts with grades A4-70 and A4-80, manufactured from 316L austenitic stainless steel, were subjected to elevated temperatures ranging from 20℃ to 1200℃. Two different cooling methods commonly employed in engineering, namely cooling at ambient temperatures (air cooling) and cooling in water (water cooling), were used to cool the bolts. Tensile tests were performed to examine the influence of elevated temperatures and cooling methods on the mechanical behavior of SSB. The results indicate that the temperature does not significantly affect the Young's modulus and the ultimate strength of SSB. Up to 500℃, the yield strength increases with temperature, but this trend reverses when the temperature exceeds 500℃. In contrast, the ultimate strain shows the opposite trend. The strain hardening exponent is not significantly influenced by the temperature until it reaches 500℃. The cooling methods employed have an insignificant impact on the performance of SSB. When compared to high-strength bolts, 316L austenitic SSB demonstrate superior fire resistance. Design models for the post-fire mechanical behavior of 316L austenitic SSB, encompassing parameters such as the elasticity modulus, yield strength, ultimate strength, ultimate strain, and strain hardening exponent, are proposed, and a more precise stress-strain model is recommended to predict the mechanical behavior of 316L austenitic SSB after a fire incident.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.337-350
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• 2022

This paper focuses on predicting the post-heating mechanical properties of cementitious composites reinforced with multi-scale additives using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. A total of four different feed-forward ANN models are developed using 261 data sets collected from 18 published sources. The models are optimized using 12 input parameters selected based on a comprehensive literature review to predict the residual compressive strength, the residual flexural strengths, elastic modulus, and fracture energy of heat-damaged cementitious specimens. Furthermore, the ANN is employed to predict the impact of several variables including; the content of polypropylene (PP) microfibers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) used in the concrete, mortar, or paste mix design, length of PP fibers, the average diameter of CNTs, and the average length of CNTs. The influence of the studied parameters is investigated at different heating levels ranged from 25℃ to 800℃. The results demonstrate that the developed ANN models have a strong potential for predicting the mechanical properties of the heated cementitious composites based on the mixing ingredients in addition to the heating conditions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2019

화재발생 시 구조물의 부재는 온도상승에 의하여 본래의 강성을 잃게 되어 하중 지지력이 감소하게 된다. 구조 부재에 급격한 내력 상실은 구조물의 붕괴 및 인명 피해로 이어질 수 있다. 구조물의 화재 시간이 길어지게 되면 구조 부재에 대한 내력 상실은 더욱 증가하게 된다. 건축물의 붕괴를 방지하기 위하여 부재 손상 여부의 파악은 매우 중요한 과제이나 국내에서 부재의 잔존내력을 진단하고 평가하는 지침이 될 만한 자료는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 구조 부재 중 합성구조인 합성보를 유한요소해석을 통하여 내화성능을 분석하고자 한다. 합성보 모델링은 한국전력기술의 협조를 받아 원자력 발전소 보조건물(Electrical Penetration Room, EPR)에 사용되는 도면을 바탕으로 수행하였다. 유한요소해석 프로그램인 ANSYS를 이용하여 정해석 단계의 열전달 해석과 구조해석을 수행하였다. 열전달 해석 결과로 얻어진 온도분포를 데이터로 확보하여 구조해석에 열전달해석 결과를 반영시켰다. 잔존성능을 분석하기 위하여 합성보의 온도분포와 열 영향을 받은 구조해석의 최대변위 결과를 도출하여 실험 결과 데이터와 구조해석 결과 데이터를 비교분석하였다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2021

In structural engineering practice, understanding the performance of composite columns under extreme loading conditions such as high-rise bulding, long span and heavy loads is essential to accuratly predicting of material responses under severe loads such as fires or earthquakes. Hitherto, the combined effect of partial axial loads and subsequent elevated temperatures on the performance of hollow steel column filled fly ash concrete have not been widely investigated. Comprehensive test was carried out to investigate the effect of elevated temperatures on partial axially loaded square hollow steel column filled fly ash concrete as reported in this paper. Four batches of hollow steel column filled fly ash concrete ( 30 percent replacement of fly ash), (HySC) and normal concrete (CFHS) were subjected to four different load levels, n_f of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% based on ultimate column strength. Subsequently, all batches of the partially damage composite columns were exposed to transient elevated temperature up to 250℃, 450℃ and 650℃ for one hour. The overall stress - strain relationship for both types of composited columns with different concrete fillers were presented for each different partial load levels and elevated temperature exposure. Results show that CFHS column has better performance than HySC at ambient temperature with 1.03 relative difference. However, the residual ultimate compressive strength of HySC subjected to partial axial load and elevated temperature exposure present an improvement compared to CFHS column with percentage difference in range 1.9% to 18.3%. Most of HySC and CFHS column specimens failed due to local buckling at the top and middle section of the column caused by concrete crushing. The columns failed due to global buckling after prolong compression load. After the compression load was lengthened, the columns were found to fail due to global buckling except for HySC02.