• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.311-332
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• 2013

This paper examines the effect of initial margin requirements on long-run and short-run volatilities in the Japanese stock market using the Component GARCH model. Our empirical results show that when we do not divide the margin requirement into positive and negative changes, increasing margin requirement is effective for reducing long-run volatility, while not effective in short-run volatility. However, separating the positive and negative changes in margin requirements reveals the fact that the negative changes in margin requirements decrease long-run volatilities, while the higher margin requirements increase short-run volatilities in the Japanese stock market. This suggests that if the Japanese financial authorities intend to increase margin level to reduce volatility, unexpectedly, short-run volatility would be even higher.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2020

The positive margins after LEEP(loop electrosurgical excision procedure) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are generally considered to be a risk factor for the recurrence or persistence of CIN currently. When positive margin exists, secondary LEEP or hysterectomy is performed. The aim of this study was to observe effects of Traditional Korean Medicine treatment for patients with surgical margin positive after LEEP. It was conducted retrospective chart review for 4 patients with the surgical margin positive after LEEP, who were scheduled to have secondary LEEP 3 months later. Patients were treated with herbal medicine, pharmacopuncture and herbal liquid vaginal treatment. They were followed up by cytology, colposcopy, human papillomavirus DNA test and punch-biopsy at 1, 3 and 6 months. After 3 month of treatment, three patients did not need secondary LEEP because of normal cytology, negative HPV status and normal colposcopy, while the other patient underwent secondary LEEP because of ASCUS cytology and positive high-risk HPV. After 6 month of treatment, the other patient also had normal cytology, negative HPV status and normal colposcopy and had been in fifth week of pregnancy. This study suggest that Traditional Korean Medicine treatment may be an effective to the patients with surgical margin positive after LEEP in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2004년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.121-127
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• 2004

우주의 암흑이 빛이 없음이 아니고 암흑물질이며, 무극ㆍ태극이 하나이고 빈 공간을 비어 있다고 하지 않고 무로 꽉 차 있다 하는 것처럼 미술에서 여백은 따로 존재하는 것이 아니고 negative space와 positive shape가 서로 연결되어 하나의 통일된 공감을 형성하고 소멸되는 살아있는 공간이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4989-4992
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• 2012

Purpose: Guide-wire localization (GWL) has been a standard technique for many years. Excision of nonpalpable malignant breast lesions with clear surgical margins reduces the risk of undergoing re-excision. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of GWL biopsy for assessing surgical margins. Methods: This retrospective study concerned 53 patients who underwent GWL biopsy for non-palpable breast lesions and breast carcinoma diagnosed by histological examination. Age of the patients, tumour size, radiographic findings, breast density specifications, specimen volumes, menopausal status and family history of the patients and surgical margin status were recorded. Results: Median age was 53.3 years, median tumour size was 1.5 cm and median specimen volume was $71.5cm^3$. In fifteen patients (28%) DCIS and in 38 patients (72%) invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed. There was positive surgical margins in twenty eight (52.8%) patients. The median distance to the nearest surgical margin was 7.2 mm in clear surgical margins. Younger age and denser breast specifications were found as statistically significant factors for surgical margin status. Median age of the patients who had positive margins was 49.4 years where it was 56.9 years in the patients with negative margins (p=0.04). 79% of the patients with positive margins had type 3-4 pattern breast density according to BIRADS classification as compared to 48% in the patients who had negative margins (p=0.03). Some 38 patients who had positive or close surgical margins received re-excision (72%). Conclusion: Positive margin rates may be higher because of inherent biological differences and diffuse growth patterns in younger patients. There are also technical difficulties that are relevant to denser fibroglandular tissue in placing hooked wire. High re-excision rates must be taken into consideration while performing GWL biopsy in non-palpable breast lesions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2023

Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy on the lower lip. Surgical excision, the standard treatment for SCC, requires full-thickness excision. However, no consensus exists about the appropriate surgical margin. Therefore, we investigated the appropriate surgical margin and excision technique by analyzing 23 years of surgical experience with lower-lip SCC. Methods We reviewed 44 patients with lower-lip SCC who underwent surgery from November 1997 to October 2020. Frozen biopsy was performed with an appropriate margin on the left and right sides of the lesion, and the margin below the lesion was the skin above the sulcus boundary. If the frozen biopsy result was positive, an additional session was performed to secure a negative margin. Full-thickness excision was performed until the final negative margin. In each patient, the total number of sessions performed, final surgical margin, and recurrence were analyzed. Results Forty-one cases ended in the first session, 2 ended in the second session, and 1 ended in the third session. The final surgical margins (left and right; n = 88) were 5 mm (66%), 7 mm (9%), 8 mm (2.3%), 10 mm (20.4%), and 15 mm (2.3%). During an average follow-up of 67.4 months (range, 12-227 months), recurrence occurred in one patient. Conclusion The final surgical margin was 5 mm in 66% (58/88) of the cases, and 97.7% (86/88) were within 10 mm. Therefore, we set the first frozen biopsy margin to 5 mm, and we suggest that a 5-mm additional excision is appropriate when frozen biopsy results are positive.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2003

생체 임피던스 측정에 사용되는 프론트 엔드의 입력 커패시턴스를 상쇄시키며, 편하고, 작은 이득 여유로도 안정하게 동작하는 제안된 네가티브 커패시턴스 회로를 제안하였다. 기존의 회로를 사용하기 위해서는 적절한 이득-대역폭 적을 갖는 연산 증폭기를 선택해야 하는데 비하여 제안하는 회로는 광대역 연산 증폭기를 사용하므로 연산 증폭기의 선택이 쉽다. 또한 이득 여유가 귀환 커패시터에 직렬로 연결된 귀환 저항에 의하여 조절되므로 이득 여유를 가변 저항기로 튜닝할 수 있다. 제안된 회로의 입력 임피던스는 기존회로의 임피던스보다 2배 크며 네가티브 커패시턴스 회로를 채용하지 않았을 때에 비하여 40배 크다. 나아가서 제안된 회로의 폐루프 위상 응답은 기존의 회로와 네가티브 커패시턴스 회로를 채용하지 않았을 때에 비하여 좋다. 무엇보다도 이득 피킹이 발생하더라도 제안된 회로에서 이득 피킹의 주파수는 루프 이득이 최대로 되는 주파수 보다 높으므로, 이득 여유가 이득 피킹의 영향을 거의 받지 않는다. 따라서 제안된 회로는 매우 작은 이득 여유로도 안정하게 동작할 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.392-398
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of catalase used following bleaching for the elimination of hydrogen peroxide residues from human teeth on the microleakage at the tooth-resin composite interface. In this study, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal or lingual surfaces of seventy extracted human molar teeth, and crown of sixty teeth were immersed in 30% hydrogen peroxide at $37^{\circ}C$ for 5 days except for negative control group. Then the teeth were rinsed with water and distributed randomly into seven groups of 10 each and were conditioned as following Negative control group: No bleaching Positive control group : bleaching and no application of catalase (C-40) Experimental group 1 : one cycle of catalase application for 3 min. and water rinse for 2 min. after bleaching Experimental group 2 : two cycles of catalase application for 3 min. and water rinse for 2 min. after bleaching Experimental group 3 : three cycles of catalase application for 3 min. and water rinse for 2 min. after bleaching Experimental group 4 : four cycles of catalase application for 3 min. and water rinse for 2 min. after bleaching Experimental group 5 : five cycles of catalase application for 3 min. and water rinse for 2 min. after bleaching The cavities of each groups were restored with composite resin. The teeth were thermocycled, stained with 2% methylene blue, and sectioned buccolingually. Degree of dye penetration at tooth-restoration interfaces were examined by stereomicroscope(${\times}30$) at occlusal and gingival margin The results were as follows : 1. On the occlusal margin, there was no significant difference in the microleakage between the negative coltrol group and experimental groups (p>0.05). But on the gingival margin, experimental groups showed higher microleakage than the negative coltrol group (p<0.05). 2. On the occlusal margin, positive coltrol group showed higher microleakage than experimental groups (p<0.05) and among the experimental groups, group 1 showed higher microleakage than group 3, 4, 5 (p<0.05). 3. On the gingival margin, there was no significant difference between the positive coltrol group and experimental groups, and between experimental groups (p>0.05). The result indicated that catalase used in bleached cavity for the elimination of hydrogen peroxide residues from human teeth maybe reduced microleakage at the tooth-resin composite interface.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.263-286
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• 2020

본 연구는 실제 또래관계에 비해 자신의 또래관계를 긍정적으로 편향되게 지각하는 경향이 주관적 안녕감 및 기본심리욕구 지지적인 대인행동과 어떠한 관계가 있는지 규명하는데 목적이 있었다. 특히 긍정적 착각의 적정한계선 가설을 검증하기 위해 자기평가편향이 이들 변인과 곡선관계가 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초등학교 5, 6학년 346명을 대상으로 또래관계에 한정된 영역특수적 자기평가와 그에 상응하는 객관적 또래관계 지표인 내향중심성을 준거로 자기평가편향을 측정하였다. 연구결과, 또래관계에 대한 자기평가편향은 남학생에 비해 여학생에게서 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 자기평가편향은 부정정서와 유의미한 정적 곡선관계, 관계성지지 대인행동과 유의미한 부적 곡선관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 긍정적 착각의 적정한계선 가설이 의미하는 바와 같이, 긍정적 자기평가편향이 높을수록 부정정서는 낮고 대인관계에서 타인의 관계성 욕구를 지지하는 대인행동을 많이 하지만, 자기평가편향이 적정 수준을 넘어서면 오히려 부정정서는 높아지고 관계성 지지행동은 더 이상 증가하지 않음을 의미한다. 그러나 긍정정서, 유능성지지 대인행동, 자율성지지 대인행동에 대해 정적 선형관계를 나타낸바, 긍정적 착각의 적정한계선 가설이 모든 결과변인에 해당하는 것은 아니었다. 연구의 의의 및 후속연구를 위한 제언이 논의되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4297-4302
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• 2015

Background: To evaluate HPV testing by Hybrid Capture II (HCII) in conjunction with cytology in detecting the residual/recurrence disease after treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II-III) with loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 158 patients with histologically confirmed CIN II-III who underwent LEEP between January 2011 and October 2012 was conducted. Post-treatment control was scheduled at the 3rd, 6th, 12th and 18th month. All patients were followed up by Pap smear and HR-HPV genotype and viral load testing. Results: Pre-treatment, HR-HPV DNA, was detected in all specimens of the patients. At follow-up, 25 patients were diagnosed as the residual/recurrent disease during the FU visit, among whom, 16 patients with positive margin: 13 patients (52%) with HR-HPV DNA+/cytology+, 2 patients (8%) with HR-HPV DNA+/cytology-, 1 patient (4%) with cytology+/HR-HPV DNA-; 9 patients with clean margin - 5 patients (55.6%) with HR-HPV DNA+/cytology+; 2 patients (22.2%) with HRHPV DNA+/cytology-, 2 patients (22.2%) with cytology+/HR-HPV DNA-. None of them persisting HR-HPV DNA-/cytology-with positive or negative margin was identified as the residual/recurrent disease. The majority of residual/recurrent disease was detected at the 12th and 18th month FU, and there was almost no difference in the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) between at the 3rd month and the 6th month FU visits. 14 residual/recurrence disease (14/46:30.4%) had pre-treatment high viral load (>5 000 RUL/PC) and 11 (11/112, 9.8%) with pre-treatment low viral load, P<0.05. Conclusions: (1) The persistence HR-HPV DNA is the root cause of the residual/recurrent disease for the women treated for high-grade CIN; the pre-treatment viral load and margin can be seen as the predictor. (2) The FU visit beginning at the 6th month post-treatment and lasting at least 24 months with the combination of cytology and HPV testing. (3) Patients with high pre-treatment HPV load, which is considered as one risk of developing the residual/recurrent disease, should be paid more attention (especially above 500RUL/PC) to by clinicians.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2021

This study examined the effect of Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Size on stock prices with company performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA) as a mediating variable. The sample used is 136 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2014-2018 period. This research was tested using a Warp PLS statistical test tool to prove the proposed hypothesis. The results showed that DER has a significant negative effect on ROA and a significant positive effect on Stock Price. NPM has a significant positive effect on ROA as well as a significant positive effect on Stock Price. While Size has a significant positive effect on ROA but has no effect on Stock Price. ROA has a significant positive effect on Stock Price. ROA does not act as a mediating variable in the relationship between Size and Stock Price; however, ROA acts as a mediating variable in the DER and Stock Price relationship, as well as, in the relationship between NPM and Stock Price. The implications of the results of this study can be used by investors in making investment decisions, paying attention to the company's financial aspects, namely DER, NPM, Size, and ROA.