• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1140-1147
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• 2003

We have examined the effect on neck-muscle activation of altering whole body posture. A Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was trained to produce sinusoidal (0.25 Hz) head tracking movements in the sagittal plane when seated with trunk and head vertical or while standing in the quadrupedal position. Video-fluoroscopic images of cervical vertebral motion, and electromyographic (EMG) responses were recorded simultaneously. Results demonstrated that vertebral motion varied with body posture, occurring synchronously between all joints in the upright position and primarily at skull-$C_1$ when in the quadrupedal position. Muscle EMG activation was significantly greater (P<0.001) in the quadrupedal position than when upright for all muscles except semispinalis cervicis. Peak activation of all the muscles occurred prior to peak head extension in the quadrupedal position, suggesting synchronous activity between muscles. Data suggest that, when upright, muscles were activated in functional groupings defined by their anatomical arrangement. In the quadrupedal position, gravity acting on the horizontally oriented head produced greater activation and a collective response of the muscles.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.2951-2957
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• 2010

태양광 산업에 있어서 PV추적 발전장치의 개발은 고정식 발전장치에 비하여 효율적이다. 추적식 발전장치는 단위면적당 태양의 일사량을 유지하고, 태양 전지의 효율을 최대화 한다. 따라서 정확하면서 저렴한 태양 위치 추적장치의 경제성을 개선하는 것과 투자 가격을 내리는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 태양위치를 감지하는데 센서를 사용하지 않고 천문학과 수학을 이용하여 1분($0.016^{\circ}$)이내의 태양의 위치 알고리즘에 관한 것이다. 이 논문에 제안된 알고리즘은 장치의 비용을 내리고 발전효율도 높여준다. 지금까지 알고리즘을 적용한 결과를 고려하면, 최대오차는 30초 ($0.008^{\circ}$)를 보인다. 그리고 이 알고리즘으로 적용한 태양광 발전시스템은 고정식 대비 평균 23W(약18%)의 이득을 보였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권6호
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• pp.773-781
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• 2018

In recent years, a study of power-line inspection using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been actively conducted. However, relevant studies have been conducting power-line inspection with an UAV operated by manual control, and they have developed just power-line detection algorithm on aerial images. To overcome limitations of existing research, we propose a drone-based power-line tracking system in this paper. The main contributions of this paper are to operate developed system under configured environment and to develop a power-line detection algorithm in real-time. Developed system is composed of the power-line detection and the image-based tracking control. To detect a power-line in real-time, a region of interest (ROI) image is extracted. Furthermore, clustering algorithm is used in order to discriminate the power-line from background. Finally, the power-line is detected by using the Hough transform, and a center position and a tilt angle are estimated by using the Kalman filter to control a drone smoothly. We design a position controller and an attitude controller for image-based tracking control, and both controllers are designed based on the proportional-derivative (PD) control method. The interaction between the position controller and the attitude controller makes the drone track the power-line. Several experiments were carried out in environments where conditions are similar to actual environments, which demonstrates the superiority of the developed system.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2005

This paper describes a robust control scheme for high-speed and long stroke scanning motion of high precision linear motor system consisting of linear motor, air bearing guide and position measurement system using heterodyne interferometer. Nowadays, semiconductor process and inspection of wafer or LCD need high speed and long travel length for their high throughput and extremely small velocity fluctuations or tracking errors. In order to satisfy these conditions, linear motor system are widely used because they have large thrust force and do not need motion conversion mechanisms such as ball screw, rack & pinion or capstan with which the system are burdened. However linear motors have a problem called force ripple. Force ripple deteriorates the tracking performances and makes periodic position errors. So, force ripple must be compensated. To maximize the tracking performance of linear motor system, we propose the control scheme which is composed of a robust control method, Time Delay Controller (TDC) and a feedforward control method, Zero Phase Error Tracking Control (ZPETC) for accurate tracking a given trajectory and an adaptive force ripple compensation (AFC) algorithm fur estimating and compensating force ripple. The adaptive ripple compensation is continuously refined on the basis of tracking error. Computer simulation results based on modeled parameters verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme for high-speed, long stroke and high precision scanning motion and show that the proposed control scheme can achieve a sup error tracking performance in comparison to conventional TDC control.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

Wireless Sensor network를 이용하여 객체를 추적하는 방법에 대해 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구는 객체 추적에 사용되는 방법에 따라 에너지의 양과 추적의 정확도 사이에 존재하는 상관관계를 관찰하고, 움직임 예측 방법에서 에너지 소비량을 최소화할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 추적에 사용되는 에너지는 센서노드가 객체를 감지하기 위해 소모하는 것이며, 추적의 정확도는 객체의 실제위치와 감지에 의해 계산된 위치의 차이이다. 몇 가지 추적방법과 파라미터의 조절에 따라 추적의 정확도와 소비되는 에너지의 양에 차이가 있고, 움직임 예측 알고리즘을 사용할 때 가장 좋은 에너지 효율을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 가속도를 고려한 움직임 예측 알고리즘의 개선을 통해 더 나은 정확도와 에너지 효율을 기록하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 움직임 예측 알고리즘에서 목표의 미래위치에 따라 노드를 활성화시키는 범위는 예측 알고리즘이 정확할 경우 센서 노드의 감지범위 정도로 제한하는 것이 유리함을 알 수 있었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2019

무선 위치 추적 시스템은 모바일, 로봇 추적 시스템 및 인터넷 위치 기반 서비스(LBS) 애플리케이션과 같은 응용분야에서 사용할 수 있다. GPS 시스템은 가장 잘 알려진 위치 추적 시스템이지만 실내에서의 사용이 용이하지 않다. 실내 위치 추적 시스템에 대한 비용 효율적인 측면에서 무선 주파수 식별(RFID) 위치 추적 방법을 연구하였다. RFID 시스템 대부분은 소모성 배터리를 사용하는 능동형 RFID 태그를 사용지만, 본 논문에서는 패시브 RFID 태그를 사용하는 저렴한 실내 위치 추적 시스템을 개발하였다. 정밀한 추적 알고리즘을 사용하기 위하여 패턴인식에 의한 위치 추적 방법과 회귀곡선을 생성하여 위치를 추적하는 시스템을 연구하였다. 시스템은 잡음으로 인한 오류 수준을 검증하여 테스트하였다. 회귀식에 의해 생성된 3차원 곡선은 미분방정식에 의해서 확률적으로 설명력이 높은 좌표를 추정하였다. 이 제안된 시스템은 모바일 로봇 시스템, AGV 및 휴대전화 LBS에도 적용될 수 있다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1236-1249
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• 2020

In a most recent object tracking research work, applying Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network-based strategies become relevant for resolving the noticeable challenges in it, like, occlusion, motion, object, and camera viewpoint variations, changing several targets, lighting variations. In this paper, the LSTM Network-based Tracking association method has proposed where the technique capable of real-time multi-object tracking by creating one of the useful LSTM networks that associated with tracking, which supports the long term tracking along with solving challenges. The LSTM network is a different neural network defined in Keras as a sequence of layers, where the Sequential classes would be a container for these layers. This purposing network structure builds with the integration of tracking association on Keras neural-network library. The tracking process has been associated with the LSTM Network feature learning output and obtained outstanding real-time detection and tracking performance. In this work, the main focus was learning trackable objects locations, appearance, and motion details, then predicting the feature location of objects on boxes according to their initial position. The performance of the joint object tracking system has shown that the LSTM network is more powerful and capable of working on a real-time multi-object tracking process.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a kinematic approach to estimating the real-time moving object. A new scheme for a mobile robot to track and capture a moving object using images of a camera is proposed. The moving object is assumed to be a point-object and projected onto an image plane to form a geometrical constraint equation that provides position data of the object based on the kinematics of the active camera. Uncertainties in the position estimation caused by the point-object assumption are compensated using the Kalman filter. To generate the shortest time path to capture the moving object, the linear and angular velocities are estimated and utilized. The experimental results of tracking and capturing of the target object with the mobile robot are presented.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.444-452
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• 2005

A new scheme for a mobile robot to track and capture a moving object using camera images is proposed. The moving object is assumed to be a point-object and is projected onto an image plane to form a geometrical constraint equation that provides the position data of the object based on the kinematics of the active camera. Uncertainties in position estimation caused by the point-object assumption are compensated for using the Kalman filter. To generate the shortest time path to capture the moving object, the linear and angular velocities are estimated and utilized. In this paper, the experimental results of the tracking and capturing of a target object with the mobile robot are presented.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

This paper presents a synchronizing adaptive feedforward control for clamping servomechanism of injection molding machines. Based on MBS, virtual design model has been developed for a direct forcing clamping mechanism. A synchronizing controller is designed and combined with adaptive feedforward control to accommodate mismatches between the real plant and the linear plant model used. From tracking control simulations, it is shown that significant reduction in position tracking error is achieved through the use of proposed control scheme.