• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.79-88
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• 2007

As the mobile computers such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) or Smart Phone has been widespread in our daily life, the demand of an extensive data input will gradually be increased. Consequently, many alternative soft keyboards have been proposed to satisfy this requirement. However none of them can provide an absolute solutions for that, the segregated guideline for keyboard arrangement and usage still cause much confusion to the user. Therefore, an integrated guideline is seriously required. In order to come up with the integrated guideline for Korean Soft keyboard GUI, the questionnaire and the experimental test compared with five soft keyboards were conducted in this study. As a result this paper presents five guidelines for improving an input speed of soft keyboard on the mobile computing; following familiarity for effective screen use, using a single key rather than grouping key, considering position of prediction word, considering prompt feedback, finally, considering optimized keyboard size.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the rotational characteristics which were comprised of directionality and linearity of target registration error (TRE) as a study in advance to enhance the accuracy of contour-based registration in neuronavigation. For the experiment, two rigid head phantoms that have different faces with specially designed target frame fixed inside of the phantoms were used. Three-dimensional coordinates of facial surface point cloud and target point of the phantoms were acquired using computed tomography (CT) and 3D scanner. Iterative closest point (ICP) method was used for registration of two different point cloud and the directionality and linearity of TRE in overall head were calculated by using 3D position of targets after registration. As a result, it was represented that TRE had consistent direction in overall head region and was increased in linear fashion as distance from facial surface, but did not show high linearity. These results indicated that it is possible for decrease TRE by controlling orientation of facial surface point cloud acquired from scanner, and the prediction of TRE from surface registration error can decrease the registration accuracy in lesion. In the further studies, we have to develop the contour-based registration method for improvement of accuracy by considering rotational characteristics of TRE.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2011

Gas pipeline safety management and risk prediction are recognized as a very important issue. And the effort to prevent accidents is essential. So, in this study, it was studied through correlation of pressure changes for leak point detection in real-time. It experimented by installing the five leakage valves in the pipe of 378 m and compared the actual leak points with simulation results. The results showed that experimental leak points and the actual leak points have differences within the 6 m. And this technology has to be commercialized by the demonstration in dangerous zone.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2015

A new technique is presented to detect unstable slope behavior, based on Hotelling's T² analysis of pore pressure and water content obtained during flume tests using granitic and gneissic weathered soils. Three sets of pore pressure-water content values were simultaneously obtained during each test, and T² statistics at the 90.0% and 95.0% confidence levels were calculated based on the correlations between values. The results show that unsuccessful detection of some local failures of the flume slope depended on the sensor position. In the case of global slope failures, anomalous behavior was detected between several hundred and several thousand seconds before the event as T² statistics exceeded the confidence interval 90%. Hotelling's T² analysis provides a single control criterion because it enables correlations between diverse measured values within the same slope; the criterion also includes stepwise criteria for a forecasting and warning system based on confidence levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

In the paper, we predict the number of multi-GNSS satellites and visible satellites with the navigation satellite launch plans and their nominal orbit parameters. Based on the methodology, the multi-GNSS navigation performance and DOP (Dilution of Precision) variation from 2015 to 2020 were forecasted by the Matlab simulation. To calculate the position using the multi-GNSS constellation, we determined the time-offset between the two different systems. Two different algorithms were considered for the sake of time-offset determination; that of each was applied to system level and user side. Also, the results from two algorithms were compared for evaluating each performance. For the reality, we applied the 3D map information to the simulation, which is expected to contribute for predicting the future navigation performance in urban canyon.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1991

A foundation excavation is necessarily included in construction works of structures. Involving the dangers of collapse, large-scaled excavation walls require periodic deformation measurements. As only relative displacements and acquired and surface measurements can not be made with the conventional measuring methods, the up-to-date method which can overcome these weaknesses is required urgently. Terrestrial photogrammetry is the method by which absolute deformation amounts of many points can be taken out at a distance from object in short time. The objective of this study is to suggest application propriety of terrestrial photogrammetry to the measurement of excavation walls. For it, we devised same position photography(S.P.P) and possibility of SPP proved through basic experiment. SPP was very speedy photographing method. We found out the fact that as the degree of overlap increase, accuracies of results increase. As a result of applying to excavation side-wall, we detected consistent displacement in 3 dimension each direction within the limits expectional accuracy. If control surveying could be carried out more quickly and accurately, the deformation displacement could be analyzed more effectively.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.11
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• pp.1628-1633
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference and correlation in elbow joint maximal flexion strength according to measurement methods and characteristics of muscular contraction, and to develop the predictive equation of elbow joint maximal flexion strength for the optimal exercise intensity setting and accurate measurement. Subjects were 30 male university students. Elbow joint maximal flexion strength of isokinetic contraction, isometric contraction at $75^{\circ}$ elbow joint flexion position, isotonic concentric 1RM, manual muscle strength (MMT) were measured with isokinetic dynamometer, dumbbell, and manual muscle tester. Pearson's r, linear regression equation, and multiple regression equation between variables were calculated. As a result, the highest value was isometric contraction. The second highest value was MMT. The third highest value was isokinetic contraction. 1RM was the lowest. Predictive equations of elbow joint maximal flexion strength between isometric and isokinetic contraction, between isometric contraction and 1RM, among isometric contraction, 1RM, and body weight were developed. In conclusion, 1RM and isokinetic elbow joint maximal flexion strength could be seemed to underestimate the practical elbow joint maximal flexion strength. And it is suggested that the developed predictive equations in this study should be useful in criteria- and goal-setting for resistant exercise and sports rehabilitation after elbow joint injury.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 1990

In order to predict the shelf-life of cigarettes packaged in typical flexible film under conditions of various temperature, relative humidity and sealing degree, a computer iterative technique was used. Although there were some significant differences at initial equilibrium relative humidity(55%), the experimental results agree fairly well with predictions following the student's t test($\alpha$=0.01) in most cases. Essentially, the higher the storage temperature, the shorter the shelf-life of the cigarette product. The bigger the differences from the initial equilibrium relative humidity, the shorter the storage period of the cigarette. Moisture transfer through the film at relatively high temperature gave higher confidence. The sealing degree, one of the storage parameters, appeared to be a major influencing factor to shelf-life. Slopes($\beta$) of the temp., sealing degree and %rh of the dependent variable to shelf life were 0.49, -0.39 and -0, 28 respectively, when analysed by multiple regression of SPSS software. Below 600m1/min sealing decree of the packed cigarette through the sealing Position at 30mmH20 differential pressure, the shelf-life could be increased by more than six months.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.274-278
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• 2005

Purpose : Prediction for soft tissue change after orthognathic surgery is very important for the final esthetics. In this study, we have tried to get the amount of upper lip movement relative to bony segment movement after anterior segmental osteotomy by cephalmetric analysis to predict final upper lip position after surgery. Material and Methods : 20 patients was studied on whom anterior segmental osteotmy as performed by Cupar method during the years 2002 to 2003. Cephalometric radiograph were taken at 1month before surgery and 6 month after surgery. Change of upper lip was measured on landmark Ls and Sto relative to hard tissue (landmark Ia) setback on these X-rays and analyzed. Results : 1. Upper lip setback movement. Setback of upper lip showed proportional relation to the hard tissue setback and the ratio was about 84%(p=0.001). 2. Upper lip downward movement. Downward movement of upper lip showed no proportional relation to hard tissue setback And the amount was mean 1.38 mm and SD 1.21mm (p=0.922). Conclusion : The posterior movement of upper lip is affected by hard tissue movement and shows good proportional change whereas downward movement is not so much influenced by hard tissue movement. And we think slight downward movement shown in this study could be explained by the V-Y closure performed during surgery.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.683-688
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• 2011

Korea-EU FTA, which came to an agreement in April of 2007, was resolved at the National Assembly in May of 2011, thereby having been concluded the ratification. As for the procedure of opening a market in legal service according to settlement and ratification of Korea-EU FTA, Step 1 is allowed the establishment of representative office(law firm with foreign-law consultation) at home by EU member countries' law firms. Step 2 is made available for law firm with foreign-law consultation to jointly handle and distribute profits as for a case that is mixed the domestic law firm and the domestic & foreign laws. Step 3 is allowed EU member countries' law firm to establish a joint venture with domestic law firm. This study researches into a change and influence upon legal service and forensic investigation according to Korea-EU FTA ratification. Also, it researches into position and prospect that digital forensic evidence, which possesses the majority of legal evidences, takes up in the middle of court-oriented trials. The prediction of influence in digital evidence as professional proof upon judgment will led to being capable of coping with the opening of legal service market and of wisely preparing for the advance to domestic market by law firm of Anglo-American Law.